Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in routine gynecological pathology, particularly with the advancements in molecular understanding and histological classification of gynecological cancers. This evolution has led to new immunostainings for diagnostic and classification purposes. This review describes the diagnostic utility of IHC in gynecological neoplasms, drawing insights from literature reviews, personal experiences, and research findings. It delves into the application of IHC in resolving morphologically equivocal cases, emphasizing its role in achieving an accurate diagnosis. The selection of appropriate immunomarkers for common scenarios encountered in gynecological pathology aids pathologists in navigating complex cases. Specifically, we focus on cervical and endometrial malignancies, elucidating the molecular rationale behind the use of specific immunohistochemical markers. An updated overview of essential immunohistochemical markers provides knowledge for precise diagnosis and classification of gynecological cancers. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the management and study of gynecological malignancies, facilitating improved patient care and outcomes.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in routine gynecological pathology, particularly with the advancements in molecular understanding and histological classification of gynecological cancers. This evolution has led to new immunostainings for diagnostic and classification purposes. This review describes the diagnostic utility of IHC in gynecological neoplasms, drawing insights from literature reviews, personal experiences, and research findings. It delves into the application of IHC in resolving morphologically equivocal cases, emphasizing its role in achieving an accurate diagnosis. The selection of appropriate immunomarkers for common scenarios encountered in gynecological pathology aids pathologists in navigating complex cases. Specifically, we focus on cervical and endometrial malignancies, elucidating the molecular rationale behind the use of specific immunohistochemical markers. An updated overview of essential immunohistochemical markers provides knowledge for precise diagnosis and classification of gynecological cancers. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the management and study of gynecological malignancies, facilitating improved patient care and outcomes.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in routine gynecological pathology, particularly with the advancements in molecular understanding and histological classification of gynecological cancers. This evolution has led to new immunostainings for diagnostic and classification purposes. This review describes the diagnostic utility of IHC in gynecological neoplasms, drawing insights from literature reviews, personal experiences, and research findings. It delves into the application of IHC in resolving morphologically equivocal cases, emphasizing its role in achieving an accurate diagnosis. The selection of appropriate immunomarkers for common scenarios encountered in gynecological pathology aids pathologists in navigating complex cases. Specifically, we focus on cervical and endometrial malignancies, elucidating the molecular rationale behind the use of specific immunohistochemical markers. An updated overview of essential immunohistochemical markers provides knowledge for precise diagnosis and classification of gynecological cancers. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the management and study of gynecological malignancies, facilitating improved patient care and outcomes.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in routine gynecological pathology, particularly with the advancements in molecular understanding and histological classification of gynecological cancers. This evolution has led to new immunostainings for diagnostic and classification purposes. This review describes the diagnostic utility of IHC in gynecological neoplasms, drawing insights from literature reviews, personal experiences, and research findings. It delves into the application of IHC in resolving morphologically equivocal cases, emphasizing its role in achieving an accurate diagnosis. The selection of appropriate immunomarkers for common scenarios encountered in gynecological pathology aids pathologists in navigating complex cases. Specifically, we focus on cervical and endometrial malignancies, elucidating the molecular rationale behind the use of specific immunohistochemical markers. An updated overview of essential immunohistochemical markers provides knowledge for precise diagnosis and classification of gynecological cancers. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the management and study of gynecological malignancies, facilitating improved patient care and outcomes.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in routine gynecological pathology, particularly with the advancements in molecular understanding and histological classification of gynecological cancers. This evolution has led to new immunostainings for diagnostic and classification purposes. This review describes the diagnostic utility of IHC in gynecological neoplasms, drawing insights from literature reviews, personal experiences, and research findings. It delves into the application of IHC in resolving morphologically equivocal cases, emphasizing its role in achieving an accurate diagnosis. The selection of appropriate immunomarkers for common scenarios encountered in gynecological pathology aids pathologists in navigating complex cases. Specifically, we focus on cervical and endometrial malignancies, elucidating the molecular rationale behind the use of specific immunohistochemical markers. An updated overview of essential immunohistochemical markers provides knowledge for precise diagnosis and classification of gynecological cancers. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the management and study of gynecological malignancies, facilitating improved patient care and outcomes.

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a noninvasive squamous lesion that is a precursor of vulvar squamous cell cancer. Currently, no screening tests are available for detecting VIN, and a biopsy is performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Despite sharing many risk factors with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, the diagnosis of VIN is poses challenges, contributing to its increasing prevalence. This study aimed to analyze the underlying risk factors that contribute to the development of VIN, identify specific populations at risk, and define appropriate treatment approaches. Differentiated VIN (dVIN) and usual VIN (uVIN) are the classifications of VIN. While dVIN is associated with other vulvar inflammatory disorders, such as lichen sclerosis, the more prevalent uVIN is associated with an underlying human papillomavirus infection. Patients with differentiated VIN have an increased risk of developing invasive malignancies. Few effective surveillance or management techniques exist for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a preinvasive neoplasm of the vulva. For suspicious lesions, a thorough examination and focused biopsy are necessary. Depending on the specific needs of each patient, a combination of surgical and medical approaches can be used.