Objective: To design the ribozymes to cleave human TIMP 1 mRNA, and embed them into U 6snRNA to make them stable. Methods: Ribozymes were designed according to the “hammerhead structure” described by Symons.Computer was used to analyze the possible cleavage sites. Results: Three ribozymes targeting the nt123, nt299 and nt353 on TIMP 1 mRNA were designed. Embedding ribozyme in U 6snRNA had little effect on its binding with the substrate. Conclusion: Computer assisted design is indispensable in studying ribozyme. Embedding ribozymes in U 6snRNA may be a good way to solve the problems existing in ribozyme study. [

BACKGROUND:There are many studies concerning rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for immune tolerance following transplantation and tissue repair.However,there are no reports on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UCMSCs).OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of separating mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)from rat umbilical cord,and to study its biological characteristics.METHODS:MSCs were separated from rat umbilical cord with enzyme method and tissue mass method,and then incubated in DMEM-LG medium.Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope.Growth curves of cells were drawn using cell counting.Cell cycle and surface antigen were detected with flow cytometry.Adipogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation were tested by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both of the two methods could obtain plenty of MSCs from rat umbilical cord.Primary culture showed that the efficiency of enzyme method was higher than tissue mass method.Passage time of the former was about 10 days and the latter was 14 days.The passage time of latter except primary culture was the same.Immunophenotype analysis showed that MSCs from rat umbilical cord expressed adhesion molecule and stromal cell markers,CD90 and CD106,but did not express hematopoietic cell markers,CD34 and CD45.In vitro induction test verified that rat UCMSCs have the potentials of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can prolong the survival time of mice and baboons' alloskin graft and degrade acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. But, at present there is no report that rat umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) reduced rejection response following heart transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the immunomodulatory effects of rat UC-MSCs on a model of allogeneic heart transplantation. METHODS: A total of 20 DA rats served as donors, and 20 Lewis rats as recipients. They were equally and randomly assigned to 2 groups: drug intervention and control groups (n=10). Using double cannulation, the left pulmonary artery and innominate artery of rat donors and external jugular vein and common carotid artery of rat recipients received end-to-end anastomosis under a microscope to establish heterotopic cardiac transplantation. One Wistar pregnant rat was selected to harvest UC-MSCs by collagenase digestion method. Following model establishment, rats in the cell transplantation group received UC-MSCs via caudal vein. Rats in the control group received sodium chloride. Survival time of the transplanted heart was determined. The transplanted heart received histopathology score using the acute rejection diagnosis criteria. Lymphocyte infiltration of transplanted heart was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the survival time of the transplanted heart was significantly longer in the cell transplantation group (P = 0.001), and the pathological score of acute rejection was significantly reduced (P = 0.000 4). There were lots of lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration in the myocardium in the control group. Little lymphocyte infiltration was detected in the myocardium in the cell transplantation group, with the presence of mild edema of myocardial interstitial substance. Results verified that rat UC-MSCs can induce immune tolerance of heart transplantation, soften immunological rejection and prolong xenograft survival.

The purpose of this study is to develop a new method of producing tienchi seng (notoginseng, Panax notoginseng) extracts featuring high concentrations of the ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, and Rg6, special components of Korean red ginseng. The chemical transformation from ginseng saponin glycosides to prosapogenin was analyzed by HPLC. Tienchi seng was heat-processed at 100 o C and the optimum conditions were identified. The highest concentrations of total saponin (29.723%) and the ginsenoside Rg3 (1.769%), Rg5 (5.979%), and Rg6 (13.473%) were produced at 48 hours. Also, when tienchi seng was subjected to the ultrasonic thermal fusion (100 o C) process, the concentrations of total saponin (30.578%), ginsenoside Rg3 (2.392%), Rg5 (6.614%), and Rg6 (13.017%) were highest at 36 hours. On the other hand, the 2-hour heat-processed extract and 2-hour ultrasonic thermal fusion-processed extract did not contain ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, and Rg6. The ultrasonic thermal fusion process had an extraction yield that was approximately 1.26 times greater than that of the heat process. These results indicate that the highly functional tienchi seng extracts created through the ultrasonic thermal fusion process are more industrially useful than those produced using the heat process.

The purpose of this study is to develop a new method of producing tienchi seng (notoginseng, Panax notoginseng) extracts featuring high concentrations of the ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, and Rg6, special components of Korean red ginseng. The chemical transformation from ginseng saponin glycosides to prosapogenin was analyzed by HPLC. Tienchi seng was heat-processed at 100 o C and the optimum conditions were identified. The highest concentrations of total saponin (29.723%) and the ginsenoside Rg3 (1.769%), Rg5 (5.979%), and Rg6 (13.473%) were produced at 48 hours. Also, when tienchi seng was subjected to the ultrasonic thermal fusion (100 o C) process, the concentrations of total saponin (30.578%), ginsenoside Rg3 (2.392%), Rg5 (6.614%), and Rg6 (13.017%) were highest at 36 hours. On the other hand, the 2-hour heat-processed extract and 2-hour ultrasonic thermal fusion-processed extract did not contain ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, and Rg6. The ultrasonic thermal fusion process had an extraction yield that was approximately 1.26 times greater than that of the heat process. These results indicate that the highly functional tienchi seng extracts created through the ultrasonic thermal fusion process are more industrially useful than those produced using the heat process.

As a result of comparing the phenolic components of cinnamon medicines, the total phenolic component content of Cinnamomi Cortex in China was about 2.65 times higher than that of Cinnamomi Cortex in Vietnam. In addition, the total phenolic component content of Vietnamese Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus was about 1.80 times higher than that of Chinese Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus. Meanwhile, Vietnamese Cinnamomi Ramulus showed a content about 3.29 times higher than that of Chinese Cinnamomi Ramulus. Cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon medicines, showed the same tendency as the total phenolic component content. In terms of the average content of the total phenolic components, Cinnamomi Cortex showed the highest content at 23964 μg/g, followed by Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus at 17489 μg/g and Cinnamomi Ramulus at 5435.8 μg/g. These results showed that Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus with stem bark as usage sites had about 3.22 to 4.41 times higher content of phenolic components than Cinnamomi Ramulus with young branches as usage sites.

OBJECTIVE： To prepare Paclitaxel（PTX）nanostructured lipid carriers （NLC） modified by small peptide alanine-glutamic acid-tyrosine-leucine-arginine （AEYLR）， and to evaluate its anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo. METHODS： NLC， PTX-NLC （P-NLC） and AEYLR modified P-NLC （A-P-NLC） were prepared by emulsion evaporation-low temperature solidification curing method. Its appearance， particle size， multi-dispersion index（PDI） and Zeta potential were characterized，encapsulation rate，drug loading and in vitro drug release were detected respectively. Using NCI-H1299 and S180 cells as objects， CCK-8 method was adopted to investigate inhibitory effects of free PTX， P-NLC and A-P-NLC （0.44-44.00 μg/mL， by PTX） to those cells. The half inhibition concentration （IC50） was calculated. Using S180 tumor-bearing mice as model animal， anti-tumor effects of free PTX， P-NLC and A-P-NLC （5 mg/kg， by PTX） were evaluated. RESULTS： P-NLC and A-P-NLC were round-like and dispersed evenly. The particle size， PDI and Zeta potential of A-P-NLC were （43.92±0.76） nm， 0.203±0.034 and （－19.77±1.16） mV， which were all increased to certain extent， compared with P-NLC. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of A-P-NLC were （95.71±0.68）％ and（1.97±0.25）％， which were both decreased to certain extent， compared with P-NLC. The cumulative release rate of A-P-NLC was（35.17±2.08）％ within 48 h， showing significant sustained-release effect compared with free PTX； the release of A-P-NLC was slower than P-NLC. Compared with free PTX and P-NLC， inhibitory rates of same concentration of A-P-NLC to NCI-H1299 cells and S180 cells were almost increased significantly， while IC50 values were all decreased significantly. There was no death in S180 tumor-bearing mice treated with A-P-NLC and the general condition was good； the volume of tumors was significantly reduced， the mass of tumors was significantly reduced， and the inhibition rate of tumors was significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： A-P-NLC has significantly sustained-release effects； its inhibitory rate to NCI-H1299 cells and S180 cells in vitro， and its inhibitory effects on S180 solid tumor in mice are all better than free PTX and P-NLC， while the toxicity is decreased to certain extent.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in maintaining tissue morphology and functions, and their precise regulatory effectiveness is closely related to expression patterns. However, the spatial expression patterns of lncRNAs in humans are poorly characterized. Here, we constructed five comprehensive transcriptomic atlases of human lncRNAs covering thousands of major tissue samples in normal and disease states. The lncRNA transcriptomes exhibited high consistency within the same tissues across resources, and even higher complexity in specialized tissues. Tissue-elevated (TE) lncRNAs were identified in each resource and robust TE lncRNAs were refined by integrative analysis. We detected 1 to 4684 robust TE lncRNAs across tissues; the highest number was in testis tissue, followed by brain tissue. Functional analyses of TE lncRNAs indicated important roles in corresponding tissue-related pathways. Moreover, we found that the expression features of robust TE lncRNAs made them be effective biomarkers to distinguish tissues; TE lncRNAs also tended to be associated with cancer, and exhibited differential expression or were correlated with patient survival. In summary, spatial classification of lncRNAs is the starting point for elucidating the function of lncRNAs in both maintenance of tissue morphology and progress of tissue-constricted diseases.
Humans ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Transcriptome