The binding of adriamycin to poly I:C, a double-stranded thetic homoribopolymor,and antitumor activity of adriamycin-Poly I:C complex were studied. Results showed that the affinity for adriamycin to poly I:C is no linear relationship. Adriamycin binding rate( % ) = 20.6 + 0.2268?Poly I:C(W)/adriamycin(W)? The increased therapeu-tic effect of the complex was comparable to that of the free and the Poly I:C alone on bearing Sl80 mice. In vitro cytotoxic effect of the complex is lower than free adriamycin following lh exposure. The complex is recommended for clinical therapeutic studies.

Objective To explore the changes of multifocal electroretinogram (mERG) before and after retinal detachment surgery and its clinical significance. Methods Eighteen patients suffered from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment underwent mERG before and after surgery using VERIS Science TM 4.0. The mERG at different area was compared between preoperative and postoperative surgery. Results Preoperatively, the latencies of a wave and b wave in detached area were statistically longer than in attached area ( t =4.541 and 6.784, P

75% compared with the pre-embolism;the intra-operative bleeding ranged 500 to 2000 ml and averaged 810 ml;the surgical removal was successful;the tumor cell necrotic rate was 91% to 95% through post-operative sample pathological examination;and the painful remission rate was 95% to 100%.No severe complications occurred in this series.Conclusion The pre-operative chemotherapy and SAE for spinal tumor are effective,simple,safe and reliable methods

Objective To explore the causes of death and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease in residents of Tianjin. Methods The death registry data of Tianjin residents in 2014 were collected and coded in“international classification of disease, 10th edition”. The crude death rate and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease were calculated, respectively. Results In 2014, the crude death rate in Tianjin residents was 70.708 per million, while in male and female were 78.728 and 62.637 per million respectively. The main cause of death in Tianjin residents was non-communicable disease. The top four death causes were heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory disease, accounting for 31.5%, 23.6%, 22.2% and 8.3% of the total death. The top four life expectancy lost diseases were heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease, with a 6.46 year, 3.28 year, 3.11 year and 1.25 year life increase respectively. Conclusion Non-communicable diseases are the major reason of death and life expectancy lost disease in Tianjin residents, which needs urgent effective intervention to control.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mortality attributable to smoking in different work environments among male citizens in Tianjin, China, and to provide scientific evidence for banning smoking in workplaces and public places.

METHODSThe data of 38 312 male deaths 18-69 years of age in Tianjin from 2010 to 2012 were collected. The risk of death due to lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases attributed to smoking in different work environments was analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the male deaths 18-69 years of age in Tianjin, 22.57% were caused by smoking, and the life scan of smokers was shortened by 5 years on average. The smokers who started smoking at an early age and had high dialy cigarette consumption were at high risk of death.The risk of death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among workers in indoor workshop(OR=1.82,95%CI: 1.55 2.15), indoor office personnel (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.39-1.81) Indoor public places (OR=1 .55, 95%U: 1.19 2.01) were higher than outdoor workers (OR=1.23,95%CI: 1.12-1.35). The risk of death due to lung cancer among workers in indoor workshop (OR =3.80,95% CI: 3.03-4.76), indoor office personnel (OR =3.04,95% CI: 2.48-3.73) Indoor public places (OR =4.63,95% CI:3.08-6.96)were higher than outdoor workers (OR 2.57,95% CI:2.22-2.97). The risk of death due to lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases among indoor workers was higher than that among outdoor workers. The risk of death due to lung cancer among indoor workers in public places who started smoking when they were younger than 18 years of age was higher than those among outdoor workers and other indoor workers.

CONCLUSIONSmoking is a major risk factor for mortality among male citizens in Tianjin, and also a key factor for the loss of labor productivity. Indoor workers have a higher risk of mortality than outdoor workers. In order to reduce the mortality attributable to smoking, effective actions should be taken as soon as possible to ban smoking in indoor workplaces.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; mortality ; Workplace ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the acute effect of air pollution on mortality for patients with cardio cerebral vascular disease and to provide the basis for disease prevention and control.
Methods: The Mortality for patients with cardio cerebral vascular disease from 2001-01 to 2009-12 was from Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the meteorological and air pollution data were from Tianjin meteorological bureau and Tianjin environmental monitoring station respectively. The Single and multiple generalized additive model (GAM) extended poisson regression analysis was performed to calculate the relationship between air pollution and cardio-cerebral vascular disease mortality by controlling the time trends, weather, the day of week and air population.
Results: Results: Single GAM analysis indicated that when the effect of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the air reached the maximum in the day, the RR values for the mortality in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease increased 1.13%[95%CI (0.76-1.51)%], 0.78% [95%CI ( 0.41-1.15)%] and 0.61% [95%CI ( 0.51-0.71)%] respectively; when the average concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 increasing 10μg/m3 per day, after 0-5 days, the RR values for the mortality elevated 0.70% [95%CI (0.47-0.94)%], 0.51% [95%CI (0.27-0.74)%] and 0.16% [95%CI (0.06-0.27)%] respectively. Multiple GAM analysis presented that when SO2, NO2 and PM10 increasing 10 μg/m3 per day, the RR values for the mortality elevated 0.77% [95%CI (0.58-0.97)%], 0.41% [95%CI (0.05-0.78) %] and 0.38% [95%CI (0.12-0.64%)%] respectively.
Conclusion: The air pollution could increase the mortality risk in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease, it is necessary to establish the prevention system in order to decrease the mortality risk in those patients.

Macular diseases usually lead to central vision loss, accompanied by a significant unstable fixation, resulting in disorders of fine vision, reading, and even face recognition, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients.There is no clear and effective treatment to reverse the visual impairment caused by atrophic macular diseases, yet patients with central vision loss secondary to macular diseases commonly adopt a region outside the central macular area as the surrogate fovea for vision, which is named preferred retinal locus (PRL).However, natural PRLs are not optimal in common for low-vision rehabilitation.Therefore, some patients need eccentric fixation training for PRL relocation to achieve better visual rehabilitation.Studies have shown that eccentric fixation training based on biofeedback can stabilize the natural PRL or induce a new PRL to improve low-vision rehabilitation in patients with macular diseases.So far, the development and location characteristics of PRL and the clinical applications and efficacy of training remain controversial.This review concludes the concept and features of PRL, including the characteristics and possible rationale of PRL development, the location and relocation of PRL, and the evaluation indicators of PRL relocation.Furthermore, in order to provide clinical guidance for low-vision rehabilitation of patients with central vision loss, the programs and efficacy of eccentric fixation training for low-vision rehabilitation are also reviewed.

Objective: To observe the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 1999 and 2013 in Tianjin residents and analyze the incidence differences on residents with various age, gender and living in urban or rural areas. The data might help for targeted prevention strategies among Tianjin residents. Methods: AMI incidence data between 1999 and 2013 were obtained based on Tianjin cardiovascular disease incidence surveillance registry established by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Related information such as permanent residents′ population data were obtained from Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau. The Chinese population data in 2000 were used for age-sex-standardized rates estimation. Difference between two (or more) independent groups was compared by the Chi Square statistics. The Chi-square test for trend was used for computing the incidence trend in years and ages. Results: AMI incidence rate in Tianjin declined from the year 1999 to 2013 with the rude incidence rate of 80.46/100 000 to 81.29/100 000, and with the standardized incidence rate of 64.85/100 000 to 44.57/100 000 (Z=-35.767, P<0.001). AMI incidence decreased gradually in residents aged over 45 years old (P<0.01), but increased in residents younger than 45 years old (P<0.001) from 1999 to 2013. The AMI incidence rate is consistently higher in male residents (rude incidence 99.89/100 000-102.98/100 000, standardized incidence rate 78.53/100 000-56.61/100 000) than in female residents (rude incidence 61.18/100 000-59.44/100 000, standardized incidence rate 50.31/100 000-31.76/100 000, both P<0.001) and higher in urban residents (rude incidence rate 133.98/100 000-98.02/100 000, standardized incidence rate 99.89/100 000-50.12/100 000) than in rural residents (rude incidence rate 35.57/100 000-66.19/100 000, standardized incidence rate 32.68/100 000-43.51/100 000, Z=6.217, P<0.001). AMI incidence decreased significantly in the urban residents (rude incidence rate 133.98/100 000-98.02/100 000, standardized incidence rate 99.89/100 000-50.12/100 000, Z=-46.968, P<0.001), while significantly increased in rural residents (rude incidence rate 35.57/100 000-66.19/100 000, standardized incidence rate 32.68/100 000-43.51/100 000, Z=6.217, P<0.001) during the study period. Conclusions The general incidence of AMI decreased during the study period in Tianjin residents. However, AMI incidence significantly increased in young male residents and rural residents. It is necessary to develop corresponding strategies for AMI control for Tianjin residents with different age/gender and living in different areas.

Objective: To analyze the long-term trend of mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of gastric cancer in Tianjin from 1999 to 2015. Methods: From January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2015, the data of gastric cancer deaths was collected from the Tianjin death surveillance system. The inclusion criteria of death due to gastric cancer were coded by using 151 in the 9^th edition of the international classification of diseases (ICD) (1999-2002) and C16 in the 10^th edition of ICD (2003-2015). The crude and age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) of gastric cancer was calculated according to Segi′s world standard population. YLL was calculated according to the standard method of the disease burden of WHO. The Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to indicate the trend of mortality and YLL of gastric cancer. Results: From 1999 to 2015, there were 20 000 deaths of gastric cancer in Tianjin. The proportion of gastric cancer death in the population aged 0-44 years old, 45-64 years old, and 65 years old and above was 4.9%, 30.4%, and 64.8%, respectively. The proportion of males and urban was 67.1% and 67.5%, respectively. From 1999 to 2015, the crude mortality rate was from 12.10/100 000 to 12.58/100 000. The ASR was from 11.04/100 000 to 7.24/100 000. The average annual YLL number was 29 625.83 person-years and the rate was 3.09 person-years per thousand people. From 1999 to 2015, the crude mortality rate and the PYLL of gastric cancer in Tianjin were stable (the AAPC was 0.34% and -0.24%, all P values >0.05). The ASR showed a downward trend (AAPC=-2.58%, P<0.001). Conclusion From 1999 to 2015, the ASR of gastric cancer in Tianjin showed a downward trend, and the YLL of gastric cancer was stable.

Objective:To analyze the trends of mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of breast cancer in women in Tianjin and provide references for the development of intervention strategies.Methods:The crude mortality rate, standard mortality rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years old) and truncated rate (35-64 years old) of breast cancer in women in Tianjin from 1999 to 2017 were calculated. The annual percentage change of the mortality rate and YLL rate were analyzed by Joinpoint regression.Results:From 1999 to 2017, a total of 8 356 deaths of breast cancer were reported in Tianjin, resulting in a YLL of 262 835.53 person-years. The average crude mortality rate was 9.15/100 000. The average age standardized rate(ASR) (World) was 6.14/100 000. The ratio of ASR (World) between urban and rural areas was 1.73∶1. The peak mortality ratio of age groups between urban area and rural area was 3.13∶1. From 1999 to 2017, both the crude mortality rate and ASR of breast cancer in Tianjin had rising trends. In 2017, the crude mortality rate and the ASR of breast cancer increased by 113.7% and 44.4% respectively compared with 1999. The increase of urban mortality mainly came from elderly group aged ≥75 years, and the mortality of young age groups in rural area showed an fast increases, which was most obvious in age group 45-59 years (average annual percentage change=3.6%, P<0.01). Conclusions:The mortality rate of breast cancer and disease burden in women in Tianjin are still in rapid increase. We should continue to implement the prevention and control strategies such as lifestyle intervention and screening of key groups. More attention need to be paid to the increase of breast cancer incidence in rural area.