Objective To summarize and analyze the relationship between exposure to rabies and its prevalence in Jurong City from 2003 to 2007,and discuss further the possible solutions to it.Methods The data of people vaccinated after being biten by animals were collected,manipulatd,and analyzed,with their illness records dealt with accordingly from 2003 to 2007 in Jurong City.Results Not a single one of 21 596 cases was that of rabies with proper treatment in the last 5 years.The sex ratio was 1.47∶1.The highest probability of exposure was the preschoolers under the age of 10.The disease occurred throughout the year,with the peak in July and September.Those biten by dogs accounted for 86.85% of the exposure to rabies,and among them,people biten by domesticated animals were in the majority.Wounds by the domesticated dogs reached 74.60%.Not a single case was treated properly among the 9 rabies cases reported in the same period.Conclusions Strengthening the management of domesticated dogs,publicizing the knowledge of rabies,treating the wound properly and thoroughly,innoculation with vaccine from the very beginning and administering rabies immune globulin are the effective ways to prevent rabies.

Objective: To study the radioprotective effect of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves(GBF). Methods: Three water extracts of GBF were prepared (low dosage 10 mg/100 ml, medium dosage 20 mg/100 ml and high dosage 100 mg/100 ml) and orally administered to mice . After 10 d, the mice were exposed to 8.5Gy -rays. After another 10 d of oral administration, the survival rates were recorded in 30 d. In another experiment, six groups of mice (three GBF groups, radiation control, normal control and cyclophosphamide group) were arranged. The first three groups were orally administered with low, medium and high dosage of GBF respectively for 11d; the other three groups with distilled water. Then the three GBF groups and radiation group were exposed to 1.0Gy -rays. Then they were orally administered again in the following 7d . Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone-marrow and sperms (AFS) in mice were observed on the 21st day after termination of oral administration. Proliferation rates of lymphocyte (PRL) were determined in the three GBF groups and normal control. Results: Low, medium and high dosage of GBF increased the survival rates by 31.7%, 25.3% and 26.5% respectively(P

Objective:To study the effects of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum (LBP) on cell apoptosis and bc1-2 gene expression in irradiated mice. Methods:Forty eight Kunming mice were divided into three groups (LBP group, radiation group and normal group). LBP chow was prepared through adding 0.8%LBP to normal chow and was supplied to LBP group. Normal chow was supplied to normal group and radiation group. LBP group and radiation group were exposed to whole-body 60Co ?-rays at the dose of 0.084 Gy/day for 6 w, five times a week and the total dose was 2.52Gy. Then the micronucleus frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes(MF),chromosome and sperm aberration frequency, caspase-3 mRNA expression, cell apoptosis and bcl-2 gene expression were detected. Results:LBP could significantly lower MF, chromosome and sperm aberration frequency, and cell apoptosis , and it could increase the proliferation activity of bone marrow cells and bc1-2 gene expression in irradiated mice and decrease caspase-3 mRNA expression.Conclusion:The radioprotective effect of LBP is related to regulation of cell apoptosis and bc1-2 gene expression.

Objective To explore the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer via Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods Analysis was conducted on data from genome-wide association studies(GWASs)on Omega-3 fatty acids and breast cancer.The selected instrumental variables(IVs)comprised genetic loci associated with Omega-3 fatty acids.Various Mendelian randomization analysis methods,including inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,MR-Egger regression analysis,weighted median,simple models,and weighted models,were used to evaluate the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.Results A total of 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with Omega-3 fatty acids were selected as IVs.The analysis methods,including IVW method,revealed no causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer(P>0.05).Analysis methods,such as MR-Egger regression analysis,did not detect significant gene-level pleiotropy(P=0.319),which indicates the high sensitivity and robustness of analysis results.Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the absence of a causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. The effects of these genes were detected using an indirect immunofluorescent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA-ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNAIL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-gamma expression were analyzed. Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-gamma production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05).
Animals ; Cell Line ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Haplorhini ; Immunity, Cellular ; Interleukin-2/genetics/*metabolism ; Interleukin-4/genetics/*metabolism ; Neutralization Tests/veterinary ; Plasmids ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Swine ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology