Inflamatory bowel disease is the general medical terminology on chronic inflammatory illness of unknown origin, but it is considered that environmental, genetical, immunological factors may develop this chronic disease. I examined the histological changes on the experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in rats. Experimental colitis was induced with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5days in rats (experimental group). And the repair group were treated with 5% DSS for 5days and with pure water after 7days in rats. In experimental group, there are many inflammatory finding in colon of rat which contained loss of body weight, crypt erosion, recruitment of inflammatory cells, submucosal edema. In repair group, the inflammation was recovered that the body weight was incerased, the crypt was recovered. And Ki 67 immunoreaction were restricted lower 1/3 crypt in normal group but positive Ki 67 reaction appeared in the repaired all region. In this study, DSS was induced experimental colitis and the colitis was repaired when we stoped DSS supply. And the Ki 67 during repaired period were overproduction.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Chronic Disease ; Colitis* ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Drinking Water ; Edema ; Immunologic Factors ; Inflammation ; Rats ; Water

Dextran is a highly viscous polysaccharide liquid used for uterine distention during hysteroscopic surgery. Although generally safe, this agent has been recognized to cause non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, intravascular coagulopathy, renal insufficiency, and anaphylactic reaction. We report the case of pulmonary edema following hysteroscopic surgery with dextran 40 and discuss the major side effects and the possible etiologies of the reported complication.
Anaphylaxis ; Dextrans* ; Hysteroscopy* ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Renal Insufficiency

Experimental replacements of rabbit vitreous by air, normal saline, dextran and Haemaccel were tried in albino rabbits. After aspiration of 0.7ml of liquid vitreous from the central portion of vitreous, 0.5ml of substitutes were injected. Clinically, these substitutes were well tolerated with slight uveal inflammation which subsided within one week. Intraocular pussure returned to normal value after 5 days. Hexosamine content of the whole vitreous samples showed moderate increase after Haemaccel injection which decreased slowly thereafter, whereas no significant changes were observed with other substitutes. Hydroxyproline content of the whole vitreous also showed marked increase after injection of Haemaccel, owing to the high hydroxyproline content of HaemacceJ. After 6 weeks 22.9% of the injected hydroxyproline remained in the vitreous. With other substitutes no change was observed.
Dextrans ; Hydroxyproline ; Inflammation ; Polygeline ; Rabbits ; Reference Values

Dextranase can degrade dextran polymer into low molecular weight polysaccharide. Dextranase and its hydrolysates are widely used in food, medicine and chemical industries. Studies on dextranase progresses rapidly in recent years. We reviewed literature reports combined with our study about the progress of dextranase and its potential applications in industry. In addition, we addressed hot topics and emphasized on the current research about dextranase, existing problems in domesticstudies and the future research needs needs.
Dextranase ; chemistry ; Dextrans ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Polymers

No abstract available.
Dextrans ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) against oxidative stress in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS: Mice were treated with SQE (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage in advance two weeks before inflammation was induced. Then, the mice were administered with 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days and normal drinking water for 7 days between two DSS treatment. Disease activity index values, gut motility, and severity of the resulting oxidative DNA damage were analyzed. The antioxidant effect of SQE was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in plasma samples. Catalase activity and expressions levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), SOD1, and SOD2 were also detected in colon tissues. RESULTS: Administration of SQE significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis compared to the control (Ctrl) group. Levels of 8-oxo-dG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, were significantly lower in the SQE group compared to the untreated DSS Ctrl group. In the SQE (300 mg/kg) group, MDA levels were significantly lower, while SOD and catalase activity levels in the plasma samples were significantly higher compared with the DSS Ctrl group. The expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD2 and Gpx1, were significantly higher, while the levels of SOD 1 expression were lower, in the colon tissues of the DSS Ctrl group compared with those of the Ctrl group. In contrast, administration of SQE significantly down-regulated SOD2 and Gpx1 expressions and up-regulated SOD1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that SQE efficiently suppresses oxidative stress in DSS-induced colitis in mice, and its action is associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Catalase ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; DNA Damage ; Drinking Water ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Malondialdehyde ; Mice* ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Sasa* ; Superoxide Dismutase

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have shown beneficial effects in experimental colitis models, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated the long-term effects of BM-MSCs, particularly in mice with chronic colitis. METHODS: Chronic colitis was induced by administering 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a series of three cycles. BM-MSCs were injected intravenously into DSS-treated mice three times during the first cycle. On day 33, the therapeutic effects were evaluated with clinicopathologic profiles and histological scoring. Inflammatory mediators were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Systemic infusion of BM-MSCs ameliorated the severity of colitis, and body weight restoration was significantly promoted in the BM-MSC-treated mice. In addition, BM-MSC treatment showed a sustained beneficial effect throughout the three cycles. Microscopic examination revealed that the mice treated with BM-MSCs had fewer inflammatory infiltrates, a lesser extent of inflammation, and less crypt structure damage compared with mice with DSS-induced colitis. Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of interleukin-10 were significantly increased in the inflamed colons of BM-MSC-treated mice compared with DSS-induced colitis mice. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic infusion of BM-MSCs at the onset of disease exerted preventive and rapid recovery effects, with long-term immunosuppressive action in mice with repeated DSS-induced chronic colitis.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Bone Marrow ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Interleukin-10 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mice ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells currently under investigation for its efficacy as the treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells and traced their localization in a murine model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following three groups: the normal control group, DSS colitis group (DSS+phosphate buffered saline), and T-MSC group (DSS+T-MSCs, 1×106). The severity of colitis was assessed by determining the severity of symptoms of colitis, colon length, histopathologic grade, and levels of inflammatory cytokines. T-MSCs labeled with PKH26 were traced in vivo. RESULTS: The T-MSC group, compared with the DSS colitis group, showed a significantly lower disease activity index (11.3±1.5 vs. 8.3±1.9, p=0.015) at sacrifice and less reduction of body weight (-17.1±5.0% vs. -8.1±6.9%, p=0.049). In the T-MSC group, the histologic colitis score was significantly decreased compared with the DSS colitis group (22.6±3.8 vs. 17.0±3.4, p=0.039). IL-6 and IL-1β, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, were also significantly reduced after a treatment with T-MSCs. In vivo tracking revealed no PKH26-labelled T-MSCs in the colonic tissue of mice with acute colitis. CONCLUSIONS: In the acute colitis model, we demonstrated that the administration of T-MSCs ameliorates inflammatory symptoms and histology. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of T-MSCs were independent of gut homing.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Cytokines ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Interleukin-6 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mice ; Palatine Tonsil ; Stem Cells

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder occurring in the gastrointestinal track. However, the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies has been limited and accompanied by side effects. In order to eliminate the limitations, herbal medicines have recently been developed for treatment of IBD. Peuraria Lobata (Peuraria L.) is one of the traditional herbal medicines that have anti-inflammatory effects. Bioavailability of Peuraria L., which is rich in isoflavones, is lower than that of their fermented forms. In this study, we generated fermented Peuraria L. extracts (fPue) and investigated the role of fPue in inflammation and intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo. As the mice or intestinal epithelial cells were treated with DSS/fPue, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced and the architecture and expression of tight junction proteins were recovered, compared to the DSS-treated group. In summary, fPue treatment resulted in amelioration of DSS-induced inflammation in the colon, and the disrupted intestinal barrier was recovered as the expression and architecture of tight junction proteins were retrieved. These results suggest that use of fPue could be a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of IBD.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Cytokines* ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Epithelial Cells ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Isoflavones ; Mice ; Pueraria* ; RNA, Messenger ; Tight Junction Proteins

Ulcerative colitis is recognized as important causes of gastrointestinal diseases in children and adults. I observed the fine structural changes of goblet cell regeneration after experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. Experimental colitis was induced with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5 days, and the healing groups were fed with pure water for 7 days thereafter. In the early stage of goblet cell regeneration (repair 3 days group), granular endoplasmic reticulums were developed around the nucleus, and some mucigen granules were observed around the nucleus. In the middle stage of goblet cell regeneration (repair 5 days group), Golgi complexes were well developed in the upper region to the nucleus, and many mucous granules were observed. In the matured goblet cell regeneration (repair 7 days group), many mucous granules appeared in the upper region of the cell, and cell organelles were located in the base and periphery of the cell. These results suggest that the goblet cell was completely reconstructed within 7 days after ulcerative colitis.
Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Colitis* ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Drinking Water ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Goblet Cells* ; Golgi Apparatus ; Humans ; Organelles ; Rats ; Regeneration* ; Water