Objective To investigate the effect of electrovaporization on prostatic tissue structure in vivo. Methods 26 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent electrovaporization of prostatic tissue,the surface area of the vaporized prostatic tissue and the depth at the central area being observed with light microscope and electron microscope. Results The vaporizing effect on tissue with pure cut current were stronger than that with pure coagulative current, the greater the output power the stronger the vaporizing effect.6 millimeter under the vaporized surface caused by pure coagulative current still revealed some histological alterations of injury,while these histological alterations in pure cut current electrovaporization was less. Conclusions These findings may have implications that in transurethral electrovaporization of prostate,injury to the adjacent or deep tissues should be avoided as much as possible.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the chemical constituents of the whole herbs of Crossostephium chinense on insulin secretion in rat islets.

METHODIslets were isolated from rat pancreata, cultured in vitro, and measured by color signals of dithizone stained digestion solution for detection of pancreatic islets. The morphological observation of islets was carried out by inverted microscope. The effects of test compounds, scopoletin (1), scopolin (2), tanacetin (3), quercetagetin-3,6,7-trimethylether (4) and 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol (5) isolated from the whole herbs of C. chinense, on the insulin secreting level from islets were compared with those of glybenclamide as a positive control substances, and the difference in insulin secreting level from islets between the presence and absence of test compounds was assayed.

RESULTThere was no difference in basal insulin secretion before and after 2 h incubation period of rat islets. The islets treated with quercetagetin-3,6,7-trimethylether have about 2-fold higher insulin secreting level (P < 0.01) compared a normal control group. The islets treated with 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol have about 1.5-fold higher insulin secreting level (P < 0.05) compared to a normal control group. Whereas the islets treated with scopoletin show about 1.9-fold lower basal insulin secreting level (P < 0.05) than a normal control group.

CONCLUSIONIn this paper the developed cultivation method of isolated pancreatic islets from rat can be used as a kind of islet-based drug screening model for diabetes mellitus in vitro. Quercetagetin-3,6,7-trimethylether and 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol could enhance rat islet insulin secretion and further in vivo studies are needed to clarify the nature of such an observation. However, scopletin suppress rat islet insulin secretion.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; secretion ; Islets of Langerhans ; drug effects ; secretion ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of 70% aqueous ethanol extract from the whole plant of Crossostephium chinense for inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase.

METHODA bioactivity-guided isolation and purification process was used to identify the alpha-glucosidase activity inhibiting components of the whole plant of C. chinense. The dried whole plants were extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol. The extract was suspended in water and then further fractionated successively with cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, and normal butanol,and tested for their inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase in vitro. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS, and comparison with data of authentic samples. All of compounds were assayed for their inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase in vitro.

RESULTThe ethyl acetate and water layer fractions showed the strong inhibitory activity, and were subjected to column chromatography over the various stationary phases. Tricetin 3',4',5'-trimethylether (1), scopoletin (2), tanacetin, hispidulin (3), apometzgerin (4), chrysoeriol (5), quercetagetin 3,6, 7-trimethylether (6), selagin (7) , scopolin (8), and quercetagetin-3,6-dimethylether (9) were isolated and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Among them, compounds 2, 3, 5-7 and 9 for inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with IC50 (micromol x L(-1)) values of (34.36 +/- 2.06), (146.28 +/- 12.44), (246.26 +/- 8.73), (74.06 +/- 3.83), (42.19 +/- 5.25) and (136.20 +/- 25.73), respectively, were assayed as the active components. A positive drug, acarbose, showed the inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with IC50 value of (489.25 +/- 38.55) mciromol x L(-1) in the same assay conditions with the above test com-1) pounds. The IC50 values of compounds 1, 4, 8 and tanacetin were all more than 1 000 micromol x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe compounds 5 and 9 were isolated from the genus Crossostephium for the first time. The compounds 2, 3, 5-7, and 9 showed the strong inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase in vitro in the simple competitive manner. The results indicated that these compounds may be involved in the treatment of diabetes in the whole plant of C. chinense for human.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Kinetics ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Protein Binding ; alpha-Glucosidases ; chemistry