Objective:To establish an HPLC method to determine the contents of ephedrine hydrochloride, (R, S)-goitrin, lae-trile,chlorogenic acid,licorice glycosides and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiao'er Kechuanling granule.Methods:The chromatography condi-tions were as follows:an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column was used,and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid was applied as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1with gradient elution. The wavelength was 207 nm for ephed-rine hydrochloride and laetrile,237 nm for glycyrrhizic acid,licorice glycosides and chlorogenic acid and 245 nm for (R,S)-goitrin. Results:The linear range of ephedrine hydrochloride was 2.423-96.920 μg·ml-1(r =0.999 2), and the average recovery was 100.1% (RSD=0.30%,n=6). The linear range of (R, S) -goitrin was 1.920-76.798 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 99.86% (RSD=1.14%,n=6). The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 2.396-92.891 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 98.57% (RSD =0. 75%,n =6). The linear range of amygdalin was 1.982-79.279 μg·ml-1(r =0.999 8),and the average recovery was 99.67% (RSD=0.59%,n=6). The linear range of glycyrrhizin was 2.136-85.440 μg· ml-1(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 98.57% (RSD=0.69%,n=6). The linear range of glycyrrhizic acid was 2.432-97.260μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 98.57% (RSD=0.11%,n=6). Conclusion: The method is accu-rate and reliable,which can be used for the quality control of Xiao'er Kechuanling granule.

Objective:To establish an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of 6 heavy elements in-cluding lead,cadmium,mercury, arsenic, copper and chromium in iron filings and ferric ammonium citrate in order to control the quality and ensure people's daily medicine safety.Methods:The determination method for lead,cadmium,chromium,copper,arse-nic and mercury was a graphite furnace method, a graphite furnace method, a graphite furnace method, a flame method, a hydride method and a cold steam absorption method,respectively. Results:The concentration of lead within the range of 0-50 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance(r=0.999 8),and the average recovery was 98.9%(RSD=2.3%,n=6). The concen-tration of cadmium within the range of 0-4 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance(r=0.999 1),and the average recovery was 90.5%(RSD=1.5%,n=6). The concentration of chromium within the range of 0-50 ng·ml-1had a good linear rela-tionship with the absorbance(r=0.999 7),and the average recovery was 96.1%(RSD=1.1%,n=6). The concentration of copper within the range of 0-800 ng·ml-1had a ood linear relationship with the absorbance (r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 97.5%(RSD=1.2%,n=6). The concentration of arsenic within the range of 0-16 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance (r=0.999 0),and the average recovery was 93.4%(RSD =1.1%, n =6). The concentration of mercury within the range of 0-18 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance(r=0.999 2),and the average recovery was 93.2%(RSD=3.8%,n=6). Conclusion:The method with good repeatability is accurate,which can be used for the quality control of iron filings and ferric ammonium citrate.

Objective: To analyze of epidemiological and etiological characteristics of 14 norovirus clusters or outbreak in Nan an District, for comprehensive prevention and control measures for norovirus infections in the region. Methods: Data were collected from the emergency public health event management information system of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results: In 2018, 14 cases of norovirus infection clusters and outbreaks were reported in Nan an District, accounting for 63.64% of the total number of incidents in the region. A total of 268 cases were reported, with an average incidence of 2.19%; the outbreak occurred mainly in November(n=6); kindergartens reported the most outbreak(n=7), followed by primary schools(n=5); the median duration of the outbreak was 2.80 days; and 14 outbreaks were caused by the GII-type genome of norovirus, with the main transmission routes being human-to-hnuman transmission. Conclusion The prevalence of norovirus outbreaks tends to be higher in schools, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of vomiting and diarrhea symptoms in collective units such as schools, and efforts should be promoted for implementation of all levels of prevention and control measures in school.

Model informed precision dosing for warfarin is to provide individualized dosing by integrating information related to patient characteristics, disease status and pharmacokinetics /pharmacodynamics of warfarin, through mathematical modeling and simulation techniques based on the quantitative pharmacology. Compared with empirical dosing, it can improve the safety, effectiveness, economy, and adherence of pharmacotherapy of warfarin. This consensus report describes the commonly used modeling and simulation techniques for warfarin, their application in developing and adjusting dosing regimens, medication adherence and economy. Moreover, this consensus also elaborates the detailed procedures for the implementation in the warfarin pharmacy service pathway to facilitate the development and application of model informed precision dosing for warfarin.

Sus scrofa lysozyme (SSL) was digested by different proteases to find peptides with enhanced antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Hydrolysate with the highest anti-bacterial activity was loaded onto a gel filtration chromatography column followed by a reversed-phase one. The obtained substance was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, synthesized to test its antibacterial spectrum and analyzed for bioinformatics. The hydrolysate of trypsin showed the highest antibacterial activity. By purification and identification, the functional peptide with sequence of A-W-V-A-W-K was obtained. The peptide was synthesized and proved to retain partial function of SSL and had activity against gram-negative bacteria. By bioinformatics analysis, the peptide was found to locate in a helix-loop-helix structure, suggesting that the peptide may kill cells by penetrating cell membrane and cause the outflow of cell contents. The discovery of the peptide could lay the foundation for improving the antibacterial activity of SSL.