BACKGROUND: The stem cell transplantation achieved progress in treating acute kidney injury. However, cell transplantation in treating chronic renal damage, as well as the protection mechanism, remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of urine protein and renal function, as well as the effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells on expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in chronic renal damage rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command from May to October 2008.MATERIALS: Totally 30 female SD rats, with SPF grade, were randomly divided into the control, model and cell transplantation groups, with 10 animals in each group. Additional 10 SD rats were used to prepare bone marrow mononuclear cells.METHODS: Chronic renal damage models were prepared by modified hepatic resection, and 1.0 mL mononuclear cells were injected at 10 weeks after model preparation, with 1×10~8 cells per animal. Rats in the model group were injected same volume of physiological saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 24 hour urinary protein excretion quantity and renal function changes, histopathological change of renal tissues, as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF.protein excretion, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (P < 0.01), which especially greater in the model group (P < 0.01 or P

AIM: To observe the effects of local transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) gene on inhibiting intimal hyperplasia and restenosis of artery in rabbits after operation injury, and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Microsurgery injury was used to establish the intimal injury model of right external iliac artery in rabbits. 105 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (35 rabbits in each group). Group A was physiological saline control group, group B was pBudCE4.1-transfected group, group C was pBudCE4.1/VEGF165-transfected group. The physiological saline, pBudCE4.1 and pBudCE4.1/VEGF165 transfection solutions were injected into injured vessel walls of above-mentioned groups. The injured vascular specimen was harvested for pathologic examination, electric microscope observation, RT-PCR examining and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Rabbit intimal thickness and area of vessel walls in group C at every time point after operation were significantly less than those in group A and group B (P

BACKGROUND: Estrogen exerts a negative regulatory role in adipogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells, but there is no report concerning estrogen effects on adipogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells from the adipose capsule of kidney after long-term cryopreservation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of estrogen on adipogenic differentiation of fresh adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the kidney adipose capsule or those after long-term cryopreservation. METHODS: Passage 3 long-term cryopreserved and fresh adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the kidney adipose capsule were divided into four groups, al of which were induced to adipogenic cells by induced fluid: fresh cells + 10-7 mol/L estrogen, cryopreserved cells + 10-7 mol/L estrogen, fresh cells and cryopreserved cells groups. Oil red O staining and adipogenic quantitative detection were performed at 14 days after induced adipogenic differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no differences in the morphology and arrangement between the cryopreserved and fresh cells. Both cryopreserved and fresh cells expressed CD29 and CD 44, but did not express CD31. Intracel ular lipid droplets were observed after adipogenic differentiation by oil red O staining, and the cells were positive for oil red O staining. The adipogenic volume comparison among the four groups was detected on day 14 after adipogenic differentiation, and the absorbance values showed significant difference between the fresh cells and fresh cells + estrogen groups, as wel as between the cryopreserved cells and cryopreserved cells + estrogen groups, but no difference between the fresh and cryopreserved cells groups. It is proved that low-dose estrogen can inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of long-term cryopreserved adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the kidney adipose capsule; however, there is no significant difference between passage 3 long-term cryopreserved and fresh adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the kidney adipose capsule in adipogenic differentiation.

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and clinical values of CT scan with iterative reconstruction and low radiating dose in craniocerebral trauma.Material and Methods 120 patients suffered from craniocerebral trauma were randomly assigned. All the subjects underwent CT scan using route dose of filtered back projection (FBP) and low dose of iDose (? dose and ? dose), respectively. The quartering were used to subjectively evaluate noise of imaging, skull base artifact, contrast of gyrus-white matter and lesion display in each group. Imaging noise, signal and noise rate (SNR), contrast and noise rate (CNR) of gyrus-white matter and dose length product (DLP) were compared.Results The image quality of both? iDose and ? iDose groups were lower than that of FBP group, but still met the requirement of diagnosis. The image noise of both? iDose and ? iDose groups were higher than that of FBP group (P<0.05). The SNR and CNR of both? iDose and ? iDose groups were lower than those of FBP group (P<0.05). The DLP of both? iDose and ? iDose groups were lower than that of FBP group. There was statistical difference between iDose groups and FBP group (F=2751.46,P<0.05).Conclusion Application of iDose could effectively decrease radiation dose in craniocerebral trauma. Although iDose technique has higher noise level and lower SNR and CNR, the imaging qualities and capability of displaying abnormity meet diagnosis requirement. So that iDose has clinical significance.

Pharmacometrics,developed from the conventional pharmacokinetics,is the science of applying mathe-matical and statistical methods to characterize,understand,and predict a drug's pharmacokinetic,phannacodyna-mic,and biomarker-outcome behaviors.Pharmacometrics has been widely valued for its utility of modeling and simulation in drug research and development,therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized therapy.This paper reviewed the advances of pharmacometrics employed in new drug research and development and therapeutic drug monitoring both at home and abroad.

Objective To investigate the effect of caspases-3 on doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons.Methods The PC12 cells seeded in culture plates were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:normal control group (group C);doxepin group (group D);caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK group (group Z);doxepin + Z-DEVD-FMK group (group DZ).In group C,the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group D,doxepin was added with the final concentration of 120 μmol/L,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group Z,Z-DEVD-FMK was added with the final concentration of 10 μmol/L,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group DZ,doxepin and Z-DEVD-FMK with the final concentrations of 120 and 10 μmol/L,respectively,were added,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.After 24 h of incubation,the cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,the cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope,and the neuronal apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and apoptosis rate was increased in D and DZ groups (P＜0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Z (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group D,the cell viability was significantly increased,and apoptosis rate was decreased in group DZ (P＜ 0.01).The morphological changes were significantly mitigated in group DZ as compared with group D.Conclusion Caspases-3 may mediate doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons.

Objective: To analyze the thromboelastography (TEG) outcomes in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) combining diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods: A total of 360 SAP patients treated in our hospital by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2012-01 to 2013-06 were randomized into 2 groups:SAP+DM group, n=109 and SAP-DM group, n=251. Routine clinical examination and TEG test were performed and compared between 2 groups.
Results: Compared with SAP-DM group, SAP+DM group showed the higher ratios of male gender, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and higher level of hs-CRP, all P<0.05. Single regression analysis indicated that DM was related to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inhibition rate (r=0.977, P=0.0001), not related to arachidonic acid (AA) inhibition rate (r=0.245, P=0.069). Multi regression analysis presented that with controlled relevant factors, DM was still related to ADP inhibition rate (r=0.862, P=0.0001). The major TEG parameters as R value, K value,α-angle and MA value were obviously different between 2 groups, P<0.05, while the AA inhibition rate was similar, P=0.057. ADP inhibition rate was different between 2 groups, P=0.0001. The incidence of clopidogrel resistance was higher in SAP+DM group than that in SAP-DM group (34.7%vs 16.2%, P=0.001).
Conclusion: The SAP patients combining DM were at hyper-coagulation status with higher incidence of clopidogrel resistance, who needed intensive post-operative anti-platelet therapy.

Objective To explore the effect of expressive writing intervention on social support,resilience and school maladjustment in university freshman.Methods Selecting the freshmen volunteer of 600 university freshmen of Shandong,through the scale before the test recovery and comprehensive scoring chosen the part of low grade college students as the intervention object and were divided into writing expression(n=60) person and control group(n=60).The intervention group received a positive subject writing expression and the control group in the normal writing.Before and after the intervention tested the social support rating scale,the resilience scale for Chinese adolescents and the the student adaptation to college questionnaire were tested to evaluate the effect of active writing expression intervention.Results (1)After intervention,the intervention group and the control group had significant differences among the scales,objective support (t =-2.36,P＜0.05),learning adaptation(t=-1.98,P＜0.05) and subjective support (t=-2.56,P＜0.05),target focus(t=-2.66,P＜0.01),emotional control(t=-2.81,P＜0.01),family support (t=-3.46,P＜0.01),adaptation (t=-2.73,P＜0.01),support utilization (t=-5.91,P＜0.01) and social support score (t =-4.04,P＜ 0.01),positive cognition (t=-2.73,P＜0.01),interpersonal assistance (t=-3.13,P＜0.01),resilience score (t=-7.40,P＜0.01),life adaptation (t=-3.83,P＜ 0.01),emotional state (t =-3.39,P＜ 0.01),and school adaptation score (t=-3.46,P＜0.01).(2)There was no significant difference in objective support between the control group before intervention and after intervention.In addition,the remaining dimensions such as subjective support (20.72±2.46,22.96±2.81,t=4.54,P＜0.01),support utilization (7.49± 1.40,9.86± 1.90,t =7.56,P＜0.01) and social support score (36.79±4.24,41.89±5.18,t=5.76,P＜0.01) were significantly increased.The intervention group had significant difference among target focus (15.98±2.86,17.89±3.35,t=3.28,P＜0.01),emotional control (14.98±2.77,15.70±2.71,t=3.35,P＜0.01),positive cognition (14.61 ± 2.04,16.26±3.09,t=3.36,P＜0.01),interpersonal assistance (15.30±2.44,17.49±2.73,t=4.52,P＜0.01),resilience score(77.65±6.01,88.25±5.74,t=9.63,P＜0.01) and family support(16.77±2.28,19.58± 2.44,t =6.35,P＜ 0.01).In the intervention group of school adaptation scale,life adaptation (40.44± 6.36,45.12± 7.21,t=3.68,P＜0.01),emotional state (34.04±6.99,38.84±5.95,t=3.95,P＜0.01) and school adaptation score (145.21 ±22.86,160.51±21.78,t=3.66,P＜0.01),interpersonal assistance (32.30±5.34,35.23±5.18,t=2.98,P＜0.01),learning adaptation (38.44±7.06,41.32± 5.92,t=2.36,P＜0.05) were significantly increased.Conclusion Written expression intervention has a positive effect on improving the low level of social support,the poor resilience and freshman's adaptation to college.

Model informed precision dosing for warfarin is to provide individualized dosing by integrating information related to patient characteristics, disease status and pharmacokinetics /pharmacodynamics of warfarin, through mathematical modeling and simulation techniques based on the quantitative pharmacology. Compared with empirical dosing, it can improve the safety, effectiveness, economy, and adherence of pharmacotherapy of warfarin. This consensus report describes the commonly used modeling and simulation techniques for warfarin, their application in developing and adjusting dosing regimens, medication adherence and economy. Moreover, this consensus also elaborates the detailed procedures for the implementation in the warfarin pharmacy service pathway to facilitate the development and application of model informed precision dosing for warfarin.

AIM: To explore the mechanism of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on network pharmacology. METHODS: The active ingredients and targets of Ginkgo biloba were predicted by the TCMSP, ADME, and PharmMapper databases. The disease targets related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were searched by the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. The core target analysis, modular analysis, GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis of the targets of Ginkgo biloba in the intervention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were performed by the STRING database. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 16 active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba and 547 targets were screened, of which 133 targets were related to steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. By PPI network topology analysis, TP53, AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MAPK1, JUN, MAPK8, EGFR, EGF, and MYC were identified as the core targets. GO modularization analysis showed that these core targets were mainly related to apoptosis and angiogenesis. GO enrichment analysis was used to analyze the biological processes, cellular localization, and molecular functions of the core targets. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in molecular signaling pathways, among which the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the most relevant. CONCLUSION: Ginkgo biloba can inhibit steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through multiple components, targets, and pathways, which provides the theoretical basis and reference for subsequent cell and animal experiments.