Objective To explore the biomechanical influences of cystic degeneration in different locations on femoral head and guide the appropriated surgical treatment to preserve the femoral head. Methods First scanning a upper femur specimen with spinal CT, dealing the two-dimensional image with Efilm software, identifying the outline of the femoral head by range estimation, inputting coordinate value of the femur into the computer to build up three-dimensional finite element model of the upper femur by Ansys-5.7 software, then simulating necrosis and cystic degeneration of 1 cm diameter by analogue computer, at last putting three kinds of pressure on the femoral head respectively to analyse the stress distribution and the stress/strength ratio and predict the collapse of the femoral head. Results The tension concentration was obvious when the necrosis and cystic degeneration was beneath the loading area or medial or lateral to the loading area in the femoral head, the stress/strength ratio of the cancellous bone beneath the articular surface was high which tends to cause collapse of the femoral head. When the necrosis and cystic degeneration located in the inferior parts of the femoral head, the strain concentration was not obvious and the stress/strength ratio of the cancellous bone beneath the articular surface was normal and the femoral head had little danger of collapse. When the focus located in the anterior or posterior part of the femoral head, its upper edge displayed tension concentration but not obvious and the stress/strength ratio of the cancellous bone beneath the articular surface was lower than normal and the danger of collapse was little. Conclusion When the necrosis and cystic degeneration is beneath the loading area or medial or lateral to the loading area in the femoral head, the focus should be cleared thoroughly and the vascularised bone flap should be implanted ideally with abutment against the subchondral plate to prevent the collapse of the femoral head. If the necrotic range is large involved the loading area and its medial or lateral sides, the vascularised bone flap should be implanted beneath the loading area.

The intramedullary expand self-locking nail(IESN) is a new type of solid small diameter nail consisting of the dynamic and the static types, designed on the basis of the CAIN. The mechanical experiments showed that its stiffness to resist the bending and twisting momentum was simillar to the Russell -Taylor's nail. The static nail was stable enough to prevent axial displacements of the fractured segments. The main characteristics of the IESN are as follows: 1) It is being able to be inserted without reaming the medullary cavity and without X- ray guidance; 2) a higher limit value to resist fatique and 3) no stress concentration on IESN.

Objective To probe into the microsurgical method of using arthroscope in treating ischemic necrosis of femoral head(INFH) Method Twenty six cases (33 hips) with early stage of INFH were operated by vascularized greater trochanter bone flap graft through the lateral acetabulum approach under the surveillance of arthroscope Result The follow up ranged from 1 to 3 years Function evaluation was made according to pain,function,joint activity and radiographic criteria The clinical results were satisfactory Conclusion With this method, can accurately clean the sequestra and reconstruct the blood supplying system of femoral head At the same time, the injury of the peripheral muscle of hip joint and ligament can be further reduced and the function of hip joint can be recovered maximally So the method of applying arthroscope and microsurgical technique to treat early stage INFH is a simple, convenient and effective method

Objective To provide an effective and convenient microsurgical method for ischemic necrosis of femoral head in children (Perthes disease) Method Basing on anatomic study, two periosteal flap pedicled with anterior superior iliac and anterior inferior iliac branches of lateral femoral circumflex vessel transposition was designed for the treatement of Perthes disease Result Eleven patients were performed with this method, and the average period of follow up was 2 1 years (range 1～3 5 years) The good and excellent rate was 82 percent Conclusion The operative method can not only provide with plenty of blood supply,but also increase osteogenic ability of the femoral head So, it is an effective method for the treatment of Perthes disease

This paper provides a new design of 12-element array ultrasound transducer. By modeling the beam field model of single element and array and comparing simulated and real ultrasound beam field test data, it can be demonstrated that 12-element array ultrasound transducer has a much better field performance than the 8-element transducer.
Equipment Design ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; instrumentation ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; instrumentation

Objective To establish a simple ,low cost and stable method to detect right ventricular pressure in mice .Methods A PE-50 duct length 15 cm(outside diameter :0 .9 mm ,inner diameter :0 .5 mm) was bent on one terminal and the other terminal was inserted into a 7# syringe needle to connect to a pressure transducer .This duct was intubated into right ventricle via right external jugular vein to detect right ventricular pressure in 80 SPF grade male C57BL/6 mice .Successful cases and operation time were re-corded .Besides ,40 SPF grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into the control group (n=20) and chronic hyperbaric hypoxia group(n= 20) .Mice in chronic hyperbaric group were raised in a hyperbaric chamber of simulated 5 000 m high altitude for 4 weeks .The control group was raised outside the chamber simultaneously .Right ventricular systolic pressure was detected with the PE duct .Left and right ventricles were detached and weighed ,and Hermann-Willson index was calculated .Results With this PE duct ,right ventricular intubation success rate was 90% (72/80) ,the operation cost approximately 3 to 5 min each mouse from the separation of blood vessels to detect the time needed for the right ventricle waveform .right ventricular systolic pressure[(39 .52 ± 4 .34 )mm Hg] and Hermann-Willson index(0 .356 ± 0 .039)of chronic hyperbaric hypoxia group were significantly higher than that of control group [(21 .24 ± 2 .7)mm Hg and (0 .256 ± 0 .020)] ,which has significant positive correlation (P<0 .01) .Conclusion It is simple ,fast ,stable ,costing low and of high success ratio to detect right ventricular pressure with this method .

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the radiotherapy resistance and autophagy. To provide a theoretiacal basis for drugs that regulate autophagy to improve radiotherapy sensitivity. METHOD: Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to analyze the distribution of the cell cycle of CNE2 and CNE2/DDP cells under the action of X radiation. The expression of autopagy-specific gene Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3β (MAPLC3β) in CNE2 and CNE2/DDP cells was determined by real time PCR and Immumofluorescence staining. RESULT: CNE2/DDP and their parental CNE2 cells produced the G2-M phase arrest under the action of X radiation. With the radiation dose increasing,The cells which in the G2-M phase were more and more (P<0. 05). The G2-M phase arrest in CNE2/DDP cells was more obvious than in CNE2 cells (P<0. 05). The expression of Beclin1 and MAPLC3β in CNE2 and CNE2/DDP cells increased under the action of X radiation. What's more, the raise was more and more obvious with the increase of the irradiation dose(P<0. 05). The expression levels of Beclin1 and MAPLC3β in CNE2/DDP was lower than that in CNE2 cells (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION Autophagic cell death may be the one manner of death in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 and CNE2/DDP cells under the action of X radiation. The radiation resistance of CNE2/DDP cells may be related to the low expression of autophagy-related genes.
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Autophagy ; Beclin-1 ; Carcinoma ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Radiation Tolerance ; X-Rays

Objective To compare treatment response according to the PERCIST1.0,RECIST1.1,EORTC,and WHO criteria in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods A total of 41 CLM patients (27 males,average age 68.48 years;14 females,average age 62.43 years) from January 2010 to September 2013 were included in this retrospective study.PET/CT scan was performed before chemotherapy and after 4-6 cycles′ chemotherapy.The baseline and the sequential follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT of each patient were evaluated according to the PERCIST1.0,RECIST1.1,EORTC,and WHO criteria.The response was categorized into 4 levels including CR,PR,SD,PD.PET/CT images were used for both metabolic and anatomic evaluation.The concurrent diagnostic CT or MRI images (performed within 1 week of PET/CT) were also utilized when needed.The agreements of criteria were analyzed using Kappa test.The response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) were compared using χ2 test.Results The RR and DCR according to the PERCIST1.0,EORTC and RECIST1.1 criteria were 31.71％(13/41) and 63.41％(26/41),31.71％(13/41) and 60.98％(25/41),17.07％(7/41) and 68.29％(28/41),respectively.The general comparison of PERCIST1.0 and RECIST1.1,EORTC and RECIST1.1 criteria showed good agreements (κ values: 0.711,0.689).Significant difference was not found in the DCR(χ2=2.000,P>0.05) but found in the RR(χ2=6.000,P<0.05) between PERCIST1.0 and RECIST1.1.Difference of DCR between EORTC and RECIST1.1 was not significant(χ2=3.000,P>0.05),while the RR had significant difference(χ2=6.000,P<0.05).The RR and DCR according to WHO criterion were 12.20％(5/41) and 70.73％(29/41),which had a good consistency with those according to PERCIST1.0 criteria (κ=0.629).Significant statistical difference was not found in the DCR(χ2=3.000,P>0.05) but found in the RR(χ2=8.000,P<0.05) between PERCIST1.0 and WHO criteria.Conclusions In evaluating CLM treatment response,anatomical criteria and metabolic criteria have a good consistency.But metabolic criteria are more sensitive for RR evaluating.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protection effect of nerve implantation to the neurons after sciatic nerve injury to adult rats.

METHODSThirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 - 220 g (8 - 9 weeks of age) were randomly divided into four groups. Group A consisted of normal rats without operation. In group B, the sciatic nerve of rats was transected, with the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve ligated to inhibit nerve regeneration. In group C, a sciatic nerve crushed model was set up. In group D, a sciatic nerve implantation model was established. The rats were sacrificed on postoperative days 7, 14 and 28 respectively. The L(4)-L(6) segments of the spinal cord were harvested. TUNEL technique was used to detect apoptotic motor neurons. HE and Toluidine Blue staining was used for counting motor neurons.

RESULTSThe apoptotic neurons detected on the 28th postoperative day were significantly fewer in the implantation group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The number of motor neurons was significantly higher in the implantation group than in other two control groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNerve implantation exerts protective effect on neurons after nerve injury.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Male ; Motor Neurons ; pathology ; Nerve Transfer ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To analyse the influencing factors of myopia correction among primary and secondary school students with myopia and to compare the quality of visionrelated survival of students with different correction conditions. Methods: A total of 3 649 students from eight primary and secondary schools in a district of Chongqing were selected for myopia screening and vision related survival quality questionnaires using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Results: Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the rate of wearing eyeglasses among myopic students with different gender, school, educational stage, academic stress, and parenting style ( χ 2=10.98, 31.63, 31.86, 11.28, 9.59, all P <0.05). The fully vision correction rate among students wearing eyeglasses differed in educational stage, academic stress and parenting style ( χ 2= 11.77, 9.92, 8.69, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school and educational stage were all influencing factors of the rate of wearing eyeglasses (all P <0.01). Myopic students total scores on the Quality of Survival Scale were significantly higher than those of non myopic students ( t =20.07, P <0.01). There were significant differences in the scores of physical, emotional, visual and physical functioning and the total score of quality of survival scores among the three groups of myopic students without wearing eyeglasses, students with undercorrection and students with full vision correction ( F=49.93, 49.38, 28.14, 67.31, P <0.01). Conclusion Myopic students have low rates of wearing eyeglasses and fully vision correction. The rate of wearing glasses is different in urban and rural areas, gender and educational stage. The quality of life among myopic students is decreased by wearing eyeglasses, and the quality of life of undercorrected students is lower than that of fully corrected students. We should pay attention to the correction of myopia and improve the quality of life among myopic students.