OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the oral antimicrobial effects of seven different mouthwashes available in Korea. METHODS: To examine the antimicrobial effects of the seven mouthwashes, their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth microdilution methods. Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4355, Candida albicans KCTC 7270, and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 were used in this experiment. S. mutans and P. gingivalis were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), after treatment with the mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). RESULTS: Mouthwashes containing CPC had lower MIC and MBC values against the four microorganisms. Their bactericidal effects were concentration-dependent. S. mutans and C. albicans were highly sensitive to the concentration of CPC in the mouthwashes. According to the SEM observation, the treatment of bacteria with mouthwashes containing CPC, changed the cell surface texture of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS: Mouthwashes containing CPC showed relatively lower MIC and MBC values under the same conditions against the four microorganisms used in this study.
Bacteria ; Candida albicans ; Cetylpyridinium ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Korea* ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Mouthwashes* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Streptococcus mutans

Cerebral cysticercosis is unfortunately a not uncommon disease in Korea, which was a hardly manageable parasitic infestation on the central nervous system. After the introduction of the brain C-T scan, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral cysticercosis were improved markedly. The author analyzed 94 cases of cerebral cysticercosis who had been admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Yonsei University Medical School from July 1972 to June 1983. Of the 94 patients, 52 operations were performed in 47 patients. The analysis and evaluation were made with particular emphasis on brain C-T scan finding.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cysticercosis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurology ; Neurosurgery ; Schools, Medical

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to provide photodynamic bactericidal effect against Enterococcus faecalis by erythrosine concentrations and LED irradiation times. METHODS: Erythrosine was used as a photosensitizer and green LED (3 Watt, 520-530 nm) was used as light source. E. faecalis ATCC 1943 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 were used in this study. Approximately 10(5) CFU of bacteria were added in wells of a 96-well microtitration plate. For examining the effects of concentrations of erythrosine, 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 microM of erythrosine were added in wells containing bacteria. The irradiation time with LED was 30 sec. In another set of experiment, the effect of irradiation time for killing of bacteria was investigated by increasing irradiation time from 0 to 30 s with 10 microM of erythrosine final concentration. After irradiation, each sample was serially diluted with PBS and 50 microl of diluents was spread on duplicate blood agar plates. The plates were incubated for 72 h at 37degrees C under aerobic conditions and the number of CFU was determined. The experiments were repeated four times. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: When the erythrosine concentrations were more than 2.5 microM, E. faecalis ATCC 29212 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The more erythrosine concentrations increased, the more E. faecalis ATCC 1943 decreased statistically significantly (P<0.05). In another set of experiment, when LED irradiation time was more than 20 s, E. faecalis ATCC 1943 decreased significantly (P<0.05), and if the irradiation times was more than 5 s, E. faecalis ATCC 29212 decreased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PDT using erythrosine and green LED was found to be an effective method in killing E. faecalis.
Agar ; Bacteria ; Enterococcus faecalis* ; Erythrosine* ; Homicide ; Photochemotherapy

Presented a 39 year old man of cerebral malaria and pertinent literature were reviewed briefly. The patient was admitted because of fever and drowsy mental state. On admission, there were mild icteric sclerae and hepatomegaly. Brain C-T scan was normal. The cerebrospinal fluid study showed increased pressure (280 mmH20), and protein content (150 mg/dl) with mild pleocytosis. The EEG revealed diffuse delta waves throughout the head. At the 3rd hospital day, the patient was rapidly deteriorated to comatous state showing marked hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency and expired. Numerous plasmodium falciparum parasites were revealed in the peripheral blood smear.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Electroencephalography ; Fever ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Leukocytosis ; Malaria, Cerebral* ; Parasites ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Sclera ; Thrombocytopenia

Recurrent episodes of venoocclusive priapism have been described previously in patients who have had repeated exposure to a recognized stimulus such as intracavernosal injections of vasoactive agents, or pathologic conditions such as spinal stenosis or hematological disorders. Three patients were referred for evaluation of an unusual sequoia of an initial episode of idiopathic venoocclusive priapism, occurred with a frequency ranging from several times per month to once per year and were symptomatically disabling. We reviewed the characteristics and the possible pathophysiology of this syndrome and some therapeutic options in the management of these patients.
Humans ; Priapism* ; Sequoia ; Spinal Stenosis

Purpose: With the increasing incidence of recompression fractures after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, this study analyzed the risk factors that affect the occurrence of recompression vertebral fractures, such as cement distribution, existence of avascular necrosis (Kummell’s disease), type of procedures, bone mineral density, sex, and age. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-eight patients who underwent vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty at the author’s clinic from 2005 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the distribution of injected cement. The patients were classified as type 1 and type 2 when injected cement was contacted only to the upper or lower endplate of the body respectively. They were classified as type 3 when both the upper and lower endplates were contacted by injected cement. When neither the upper nor the lower endplate was contacted, the patients were called type 4. This study statistically evaluated the effects of the risk factors, including the cement distribution on the incidence of recompression vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Results: There were 59 cases (24.8%) of recompression fracture after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, among the 238 cases. According to the analysis, the recompression of the vertebral body after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty occurred more often when the compression fracture was accompanied by osteonecrosis at the body (p<0.05). The patients who had injected cement distributed at both upper and lower plate simultaneously (type 3) had a lower incidence of recompression fracture of the vertebral body after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty (p=0.008). In addition, the kyphoplasty group had a lower incidence of recompression after the procedure than vertebroplasty group (p=0.02). Conclusion Careful attention should be given to these patients with osteonecrosis at the compression fracture level through a preoperative evaluation. In addition, if the injected cement does not contact both the upper and lower endplates, careful observation is required during the follow-up period based on the high incidence of vertebral recompression fractures proven through this study. Further technical and biomechanical research and efforts will be needed to make the cement contact both endplates.

A low-grade tubular-mucinous renal neoplasm (LGTMRN) is a recently established renal tumor, which was thought to be of collecting duct origin. A 43-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain and underwent abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). The CT scan showed a 5cm sized low contrast attenuated homogeneous renal mass in the mid portion of the left kidney. A left radical nephrectomy was performed and the cut-section revealed a well-demarcated, homogeneous and dark-yellowish mass confined to the renal parenchyme, and a focal hemorrhage was also seen. A histological examination showed predominant tubular growth, with focal intraluminal and stromal mucin depositions and aggregates of foamy histiocytes. No infiltrative growth and significant nuclear atypia were found. These findings were compatible with a low-grade tubular-mucinous renal neoplasm.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms* ; Kidney Tubules ; Mucins ; Nephrectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Finger injury by green onion cutting machine is one of the common hand injuries in the kitchen. It has a unique feature: there are multiple parellel laceration 3 -5mm wide. There are two directions of injuries(vertical, oblique). It may involve bone, tendon, nerve, and vessel injuries. We discuss its management and the long -term progress. METHODS: We have treated six patients from 2003 to 2007. We carried out low tension approximation with thin suture materials to avoid ischemia and performed the additional operation as nail bed repair, tenorrhaphy, open reduction, vessel anastomosis, and composite graft. We reviewed the record of initial injury and collected the follow-up record. RESULTS: They were all middle aged - women who had worked in the kitchen. Right hand was dominent over left hand. The ratio of the directions was 3:3 (vertical:oblique). They were all competely healed although there were three atrophy, four hyperesthesia, and one nail deformity. CONCLUSION: Finger injury by green onion cutting machine is a unique pattern of laceration with various accompanied injuries. It may look like a severe form of injury, but in most cases have relatively favorable progress. We have to perform careful examination of accompanied injuries and carry out the proper management. First and foremost, the user especially in the middle aged women should be warned to be careful in handling this risky machine.
Atrophy ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hand ; Hand Injuries ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Hyperesthesia ; Ischemia ; Lacerations ; Middle Aged ; Nails ; Onions ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Although muscle hernia has been well described in the lower-extremity, muscle hernias in the upper extremity are extremely rare. As with lower extremity muscle hernias, the forearm muscle hernia may result from forced exertion of strenuous activity or following blunt trauma. The objective of this paper is to report an extraordinary case of forearm muscle hernia after radial forearm sensory tendocutaneous free flap with references. METHODS: A 58-year-old male patient received wide excision and radical neck dissection and lower lip reconstruction with radial forearm sensory tendocutaneous free flap for squamous cell cancer on the lower lip. 16 weeks after the operation, he complained of protruding mass on the forearm and the size was increasing. In postoperative 18 weeks, MRI showed herniation of flexor digitorum superficialis. For unaesthetic cause and preventing progress, the authors performed direct fascial closure and Mesh graft. RESULTS: In 12 months after the surgery there was no recurrence and the patient remained symptom-free. CONCLUSION: Pain on extremity exertion and unaesthetic buldge of forearm due to forearm muscle hernia were the primary indications for surgery which consist of direct closure, fasciotomy, fascia lata onlay graft, fascia lata inlay graft, etc. The authors experienced uncommon forearm muscle hernia after radial forearm free flap and satisfying result of treatment.
Extremities ; Fascia Lata ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inlays ; Lip ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Recurrence ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

The purpose of this study was to estimate the possibilities of an acellular matrix using a modified acellularization protocol, which circumvents immunological, microbiological, and physiological barriers. We treated porcine subclavian arteries with various reagents to construct acellular grafts. Afterwards, these grafts were interposed in a mongrel dogs' abdominal aorta. Six dogs underwent interposition with fresh porcine grafts (control group), and seven had interposed acellular grafts (acellular group). The control and acellular group dogs were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5 (n=2 in each group) and 12 months (n=1 in acellular group) after the operation. Histopathological examinations were then performed, to assess the degree to which re-endothelialization, inflammation, thrombus formation, and calcification occurred. The entire acellular group, but none of the control group, exhibited re-endothelialization. The degrees to which inflammation, thrombosis, and calcification occurred were found to be lower in the acellular group. We also discovered many smooth muscle cells in the medial layer of the xenograft that had been implanted in the dog sacrificed 12 months after the operation. These results suggest that the construction of xenografts using our modified acellularization protocol may offer acceptable outcomes as a vascular xenograft.
Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods ; Tissue Engineering/*methods ; Swine ; Subclavian Artery/*cytology/*transplantation ; Graft Survival/*physiology ; Dogs ; Cell-Free System/*transplantation ; Animals