No abstract available.
Lung*

No abstract available.
Rickettsia typhi* ; Rickettsia*

PURPOSE: We assessed the accuracy of a portable ultrasound device (BladderScan(TM) BVI 3000) used to measure the postvoid residual urine volume (PVR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively measured the volume of residual urine in 160 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms between August 2000 and April 2001. After voiding, PVR measurements were performed immediately using ultrasound bladder scanning, followed by Nelaton catheterization, with the patient was in the supine position, and compared the results of the two techniques. RESULTS: The ultrasound bladder scanning correlated well with the catheterization for measuring the PVR (r=0.946). The ultrasound bladder scanning had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.4 and 100%, respectively, in detecting a PVR>or=100ml, and 83.4 and 91.5%, respectively, in cases where the PVR was less than 50ml. A multiple regression analysis, and a two sample t-test, showed that the difference was not related to: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) or related diseases (p>0.05). Age, weight, height, BMI were not significant variables when comparing the sexes (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in patient's satisfaction and the required time of the procedure between bladder scanning and catheterization (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Portable ultrasound bladder scanning is quick, easy to use, non-invasive, readily repeatable, and specific for determining the PVR. Therefore, portable ultrasound bladder scanning can be used as an alternative to catheterization in the determination of residual urine volume.
Body Height ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Supine Position ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Cytokines* ; Mast Cells*

PURPOSE: To identify MR predictors of bone cement leakage in patients receiving percutaneous vertebroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Percutaneous vertebroplasties were performed in 45 vertebras (T7; one, T8; two, T10; two, T11; two, T12; eight, L1; fifteen, L2; eight, L3; five, L4; two) in 35 patients (age 52-83). The procedure was performed using an 11 G Jamshidi needle, which was inserted into the target by the bipedicular approach. Kyphoplasty, unilateral pedicular approach and extrapedicular approach cases were excluded. Shortly after the procedure, all patients underwent a noncontrast CT covering the vertebroplasty sites. A retrospective study was performed to determine whether cement leakage is related to any of following MR findings: presence of cortical disruption of the vertebral body, severity of body compression (proportion of abnormal to normal vertebral body volumes), bone cement amount, bone cement amount/severity of body compression ratio, proportion of low-signal area in a vertebral body on T1 weighted image, presence of either vacuum or cystic portion below a linear dark signal in a fractured vertebra, and the location of dark signal intensity line in a vertebral body. Logistic discrimination model stepwise method was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: On post-vertebroplasty CT scan, bone cement leakage was detected in or around 29 vertebrae (64%), including 11 vertebrae (24%) where leakage was found in the epidural space or radial vein. No patients displayed any neurological symptoms or signs. The most frequent site of bone cement leakage was the anterior external vertebral venous plexus (49%). Endplate cortical bone disruption was related to an increased risk of intervertebral bone cement leakage (p<0.05). Bone cement leakage tended to occur less frequently when there is a vacuum or cystic change below the dark linear signal intensity in a fractured vertebra (p<0.05). No other MR findings showed a statistically significant correlation with bone cement leakage. CONCLUSION: On pre-vertebroplasty MR imaging, vertebral endplate cortical bone disruption and vacuum or cystic change below dark linear signal intensity in fractured vertebra showed a significant correlation with bone cement leakage.
Bone Cements ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vacuum ; Veins ; Vertebroplasty*

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study OBJECTIVES: To determine MR findings that affect the bone cement leakage in patients with osteoporotic compressive fractures who are receiving percutaneous vertebroplasties and kyphoplasties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 105 patients with 131 vertebrae treated by percutaneous vertebroplasties (group 1: 66 patients and 78 cases) and kyphoplasties (group 2: 39 patients and 53 cases) from October 2001 to October 2005. The study was performed to determine whether cement leakage was related to any of the following MR findings: level of injured vertebra, severity of anterior height loss, posterior cortical disruption, endplate disruption, presence of either vacuum or cystic portions, linear sclerosis that was low in signal intensity in T1 and T2-weighted images. RESULTS: Bone cement leakage was detected in 51 (65.3%) of 78 treated vertebrae in group 1 and 18 (33.9%) of 53 treated vertebrae in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the incidences (p<0.05). Vertebral endplate disruption had a positive correlation in both groups (p<0.05). There was more cement leakage in group 1 (48.5%) than in group 2 (18.1%) in cases of endplate disruption (p<0.05). Vacuum or cystic change had negative correlations to bone cement leakage in group 1 (p<0.05). No other MR findings demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with bone cement leakage. CONCLUSION: On the MR findings, vertebral endplate disruption and vacuum or cystic change in fractured vertebrae demonstrated a significant correlation with bone cement leakage in group 1. There was relatively less cement leakage into the intervertebral spaces with kyphoplasties than with vertebroplasties in the cases of vertebral endplate disruption.
Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclerosis ; Spine ; Vacuum ; Vertebroplasty*

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease caused by atherosclerosis can present with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia. Proper diagnosis and management is warranted to improve symptoms and salvage limbs. With the introduction of new techniques and dedicated materials, endovascular recanalization is widely performed for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease because it is less invasive than surgery. However, there are various opinions regarding the appropriate indications and procedure methods for interventional recanalization according to operator and institution in Korea. Therefore, we intend to provide evidence based guidelines for interventional recanalization by multidisciplinary consensus. These guidelines are the result of a close collaboration between physicians from many different areas of expertise including interventional radiology, interventional cardiology, and vascular surgery. The goal of these guidelines is to ensure better treatment, to serve as a guide to the clinician, and consequently, to contribute to public health care.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/radiography/*therapy ; Arteries/pathology ; Endovascular Procedures/*standards ; Humans ; Intermittent Claudication/radiography/therapy ; Limb Salvage/methods ; Lower Extremity/*blood supply ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/radiography/*therapy ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Republic of Korea

No abstract available.
Fusariosis* ; Hand* ; Snake Bites* ; Wounds and Injuries*

PURPOSE: The size of prostate increases with age, but there has been few Korean data on the prostate size in the general population. We thereby report the size of prostate with respect to age in Korean men residing in Namhae, Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the prostate size, 1421 men from Namhae, Korea underwent transrectal ultrasonography. Size of the prostate was estimated as a weight by the elliptical method. RESULTS: The mean prostate weight was 33.5 10.6 ml. The relationship between prostate volume and age was statistically significant in 1421 men (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.156, p=0.0001). Also, between the normal group and the groups of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), there was significant correlation with age (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.162, p=0.0001), while results were insignificant with size (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.170, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Size and rate of growth of the prostate were smaller compared to the Western society, nevertheless, prostate size increased with age. For accurate and reasonable age-specific size of the prostate of Korean male, more community based multicenter study will be needed with more refined measurement techniques such as step-section planimetry for the prostatic volume estimation.
Humans ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prostate* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To help preserve accessory pudendal arteries (APAs) and to ensure optimal postoperative sexual function after a laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, we have evaluated the incidence of APAs as detected on multidetector-row CT (MDCT) angiography and have provided a detailed anatomical description. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distribution of APAs was evaluated in 121 consecutive male patients between February 2006 and July 2007 who underwent 64-channel MDCT angiography of the lower extremities. We defined an APA as any artery located within the periprostatic region running parallel to the dorsal vascular complex. We also subclassified APAs into lateral and apical APAs. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the origin, course and number of APAs; the final APA subclassification based on MDCT angiography source data was determined by consensus. RESULTS: We identified 44 APAs in 36 of 121 patients (30%). Two distinct varieties of APAs were identified. Thirty-three APAs (75%) coursed near the anterolateral region of the prostatic apex, termed apical APAs. The remaining 11 APAs (25%) coursed along the lateral aspect of the prostate, termed lateral APAs. All APAs originated from the internal obturator artery and iliac artery or a branch of the iliac artery such as the inferior vesical artery. The majority of apical APAs arose from the internal obturator artery (84%). Seven patients (19%) had multiple APAs. CONCLUSION: APAs are more frequently detected by the use of MDCT angiography than as suggested by previous surgical studies. The identification of APAs on MDCT angiography may provide useful information for the surgical preservation of APAs during a laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
Aged ; Angiography/*methods ; Arteries/*abnormalities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate/*blood supply ; Prostatectomy/*methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods