Accurnulation of keratinized cells within the infundibulum of pilosebaceous canal is important in the pathogenesis of acne. Light and electron microscopic study of experimentally induced comedones, from the rabbit's external ear canal, was performed to define the earIy morphologic changes within and around the epithelial lining of the comedones. In light microscopic observation, early comedone was composed of loose cohesive horny cells and late comedone was composed of a mixture of loose and tight cohcsive horny cells. Cohesion between horny cells occured, in eIectron microscopic study, in two different ways: initially, by the persistence of desmosomes; later, and to a lesser extent, by tight junctions, which tightly bound the horny cells together. Multiple lipid droplets within the horny ceIls and a gradual decrease in the numbrane coating granules were observed.
Acne Vulgaris ; Desmosomes ; Ear Canal ; Tight Junctions

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon tumor that has to be distinguished from renal carcinosarcoma. We have described three cases of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma showing different clinical and light microscopic features. An ultrastructural study of the tumor cells from the sarcomatoid area revealed frequent desmosomal junction, confirming the epithelial nature of the neoplasm. All three cases showed an aggressive clinical course and tended to invade adjacent organs or tissues. We believe that an histological and immunohistochemical examination in conjunction with an electron microscopic examination are necessary to diagnose sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Desmosomes ; Microscopy, Electron

We have observed the ultrastructures of Langerhans cell in the normal limbal eonjunctiva by electron microscopy and expression of HLA-DR antigen by peroxidase-antiperoxidase(PAP) method in the normal limbal conjunctiva. In electron microscope, Langerhans cell had no junctional complex like desmosome, irregular and invaginated nucleus, and characteristic Birbeck granlues in the cytoplasm. In PAP method, HLA-DR-positive cells were found in basal or suprabasal layer of conjunctival epithelium as dendritic form.
Conjunctiva* ; Cytoplasm ; Desmosomes ; Epithelium ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Microscopy, Electron

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) of the peritoneum is considered to be a distinct subtype of peritoneal mesothelioma and has mostly behaved in a benign fashion. We report a case of WDPM in a 48-year-old-woman. It was incidentally found during a hysterectomy for a uterine cervical carcinoma. Grossly, the tumor was composed of multiple peritoneal nodules, measuring up to 2 cm. Microscopically, the nodules showed well-developed papillae lined by a single layer of cuboidal mesothelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a positive reaction for cytokeratin and a negative reacion for carcinoembryonic antigen and Leu-M1. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed numerous long, slender microvilli and desmosomes.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Desmosomes ; Hysterectomy ; Keratins ; Mesothelioma* ; Microvilli ; Peritoneum*

A 25-year-old man with familial benign chronic pemphigus presented with a one-year history of a localized pruritic recurrent eruption on his perianal area, Physical examination showed moist, macerated, fissured and scaly patches on erythematous base, A biopsy specimen showed extensive intraepidermal separation containing acantholytic cells. Electron microscopic observation showed widened intercellular space, detachment of the tonofilaments from the desmosomes, and subsequent concentration of the tono filaments around the nucleus. Microvilli were elorigated, thinned and branehed. 1)esmosomes were reduced in number. This case is unique in its clinical location, showing no family tendency.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Desmosomes ; Extracellular Space ; Humans ; Intermediate Filaments ; Microvilli ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial* ; Physical Examination

We report here on an unusual case of a 73-year-old Korean female with sarcomatoid carcinoma. This tumor was composed of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like stroma. The CT imaging revealed a multiseptated heterogenous hypodense mass that was 15 cm in size. The mass was located in the body and tail of the pancreas, spleen and gastrosplenic area. The pathologic examination showed that the carcinomatous component was negative for vimentin, and the sarcomatous component was positive for vimentin and CD 68. The ultrastructural examination showed that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components had desmosomes at the cell-cell contact sites. The patient refused postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and she died of cachexia with generalized tumor extension about 3 months later. This report presents special data that can clarify the clinicopathological features and pathogenesis of this rare neoplasm.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Cachexia ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Desmosomes ; Female ; Humans ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Spleen ; Vimentin

BACKGROUND: Bentonite clay, which is a major component of mud pack, has been used for various purposes in cosmetics. Glycolic acid is known to be effective in the treatment of acne. Al-though those products are used widely, information on the mode of action and effects on the skin are little and controversial till now. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether bentonite alone, or bentonite with glycolic acid in mixed formulation affect the stratum corneum leading to alteration on cutaneous barrier function and whether those products alter the lipid lamellae and desmosomes of corneocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mud pack-type ointment of bentonite, bentonite and 5% glycolic acid formulation, bentonite and 10% glycolic acid formulation were applied on the volar fore-arm of the five healthy men and flank skin of five 6-8 week old hairless mice. Transepidermal water loss and capacitance were measured. Electron microscopic examination after ruthenium tetroxide postfixation was performed on the flank skin of the mice. RESULTS: Transepidermal water loss(TEWL) increased immediately and normalized 4 to 6 hours later after removal of vapor permeable membrane in both mouse and human. Capacitance did not show any evidence of change in the water content of the stratum corneum. Electron microscopic examination revealed that lipid lamellae and desmosome of corneocytes were not de-graded, but lamellar body secretion and partially electron-lucent material was-increased in 10% glycolic acid and bentonite mixture-treated area. CONCLUSION: Barrier function of stratum corneum is not disturbed by bentonite and glycolic acid formulations at the concentration used. Barrier structures are not disrupted, but lamellar body secretion and partially electron-lucent material was increased by bentonite and glycolic acid formulations at higher concentration.
Acne Vulgaris ; Animals ; Bentonite* ; Desmosomes ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Mud Therapy ; Ruthenium ; Skin ; Water

A case of hypertrophic lichen planus was reported and the literature reviewed. A 69-year-old widowed woman displayed generaIized discrete, multiple, round, various sized, flat-topped, hypertrophied papules and nodules on the abdomen, trunk and four extrimies for 42 years. An electron microscopic finding revealed widespread breakdown and thickening of the basal lamina at the dermo-epidermal junction and a degenerating change of the desmosomes. No particular intran uclear particles or bodies were discovered. We suggest that emotional factors and autoimmune mechanism might be the cause of the eruption in this case.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Basement Membrane ; Desmosomes ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Widowhood

BACKGROUND: Desmocollins (Dsc) are calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoproteins of desmosomes that are important in the junction complex of epidermis and maintain structural integrity of the skin from external stressors. Among three Dscs (Dsc 1, 2, 3), Dsc 1 and 3 are distributed on skin. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to observe the Dsc 1 distribution pattern on the skin and oral mucosa during fetal development. METHODS: Skin was obtained from the sole and scalp of 33 fetuses, ranging from 10 to 37 weeks of gestational age. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue using a Dsc 1 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: Dsc 1 was expressed in the suprabasal layer but not in the basal layer of the epidermis of the sole at the 10th week of gestation. Thereafter, Dsc 1 expression further increased in the suprabasal layer with initiation of stratification and increased gradually in the granular layers of the sole and scalp epidermis. Dsc 1 was strongly expressed in the superficial layer of the infundibulum and inner root sheath of the hair follicle but was not expressed in the sebaceous cells or other hair components. The eccrine duct epithelium was focally and weakly positive for Dsc 1 expression. Furthermore, Dsc 1 was not expressed in oral mucosa, although the oro-cutaneous portion was strongly expressed in the superficial layer. CONCLUSION: Dsc 1 was strongly expressed in the suprabasal cells of the epidermis during fetal skin development, and expression increased gradually in the granular layer and inner root sheath of the hair follicle. However, Dsc 1 was not expressed in basal cells or in oral mucosa. Dsc 1 may play a role in the maintenance of epithelial integrity as part of desmosomes.
Desmocollins ; Desmosomes ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Glycoproteins ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Mouth Mucosa ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Moisturizers induce skin hydration and then increase flexibility and elasticity, making the skin soft and smooth, and protecting it against environmental stimuli. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the role of intercorneocyte lipid layers and desmosomes in the mechanism of moisturization. METHODS: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance were measured and the morphologic changes of the intercorneocyte lipid layers and desmosomes with electron microscopy, using ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) postfixation, following the application of glycerin, propylene glycol, and a mixture of glycerin and propylene glycol for a 2 hour period to the epidermis of hairless mice were measured. RESULTS: 1. The TEWL was significantly increased in all three groups; glycerin, propylene glycol, and mixture of glycerin and propylene glycol. The increase of TEWL after the application of glycerin was maintained from the second to the forth hour after application which was statistically significant, after the application of propylene glycol it was maintained for 5 hours, and after the application of a mixture of glycerin and propylene glycol, for 6 hours. 2. The capacitance also was increased in all three experimental groups, compared to the control group. However there was no statistical significance. 3. Light microscopic findings showed no specific changes in all three groups, compared to the control group. 4. Ultrastructural observation by electron microscope, using RuO4 postfixation, showed widening of the intercorneocyte lipid layers in all three groups. In contrast to glycerin in which the results showed detachment of the desmosomes without changes in the intercorneocyte lipid layers, propylene glycol showed interruption and undulation of the intercorneocyte lipid layers and expansion of the lacunae spaces. A mixture of glycerin and propylene glycol showed interruption and undulation of the intercorneocyte lipid layers, detachment of the desmosomes, and, partial, formation of lacunae. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the moisturizing effects of glycerin result from an increased detachment of the desmosomes and widening of the intercorneocyte lipid layers and then an increase in the water holding capacity of the stratum corneum. Propylene glycol, a chemical penetration enhancer, induce widening, interruption, and undulation of the lipid layers and expansion of the lacunae space. In the mixture of glycerin and propylene glycol, propylene glycol potentiate and continue the moisturizing effects of the glycerin.
Animals ; Desmosomes* ; Elasticity ; Epidermis ; Glycerol* ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pliability ; Propylene Glycol* ; Ruthenium ; Skin