Aim Fuzhisan ( FZS ) , a Chinese herbal complex prescription that has been used for the treat-ment of AD for over 15 years, is known to enhance the cognitive ability in AD patients. In this study, to in-vestigate whether FZS reduces Aβ25-35-induced Tau protein hyperphosphorylation in neonatal rat cortical neurons by suppressing the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 ( CDK5 ) pathway. Methods Neonatal Wistar rats born within 24 h were selected to separate and purify their cortical neurons for culture in vitro. After 7-day culture of cortical neurons in vitro, 20 μmol · L-1 Aβ25-35 was used to act on them for 24 h. Medication groups were pretreated with FZS ( 20 mg · L-1 ) , CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine ( 15 μmol · L-1 ) and cal-pain preparation calpeptin (20 μmol·L-1 ) for 24 h, followed by reaction with 20 μmol·L-1 Aβ25-35 for 24 h. Tau protein phosphorylation levels at Ser396, Ser202 and Thr231 and the protein level of CDK5 acti-vator proteins p25/p35 were assayed by Western blot. Fluorescence intensity was measured with a fluores-cence microplate reader to reflect calpain activity. CDK5 kinase activity was assayed by immunoprecipita-tion. Results After 20 μmol·L-1 Aβ25-35 acting on cortical neurons for 24h, there were increments in the following: Tau protein phosphorylation levels at Ser396, Ser202 and Thr231, CDK5 kinase activity, CDK5 activator protein p25 level, and calpain activity. In the 20 mg·L-1 FZS treatment group, Aβ25-35 was suppressed markedly, resulting in increments in Tau protein phosphorylation levels at Ser396 , Ser202 and Thr231 , suppression of CDK5 kinase activity and p25 protein level, and elevation in calpain activity. Both CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine and calpain preparation cal-peptin, as positive control drugs, also played a role in suppressing Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Con-clusion FZS can suppress Aβ25-35-induced Tau pro-tein hyperphosphorylation in cortical neurons through the calpain/CDK5 pathway.

Objective To explore the developmental toxicity of aluminum sulfate and its mechanism. Methods 8.5-day-old embryos of Kunming mice were explanted and cultured in a whole embryo culture system with Al 3+ concentrations of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 ?g/ml for 48 h. Each viable embryo was evaluated using Maele-Fabry scoring system, and visceral yolk sac diameter, crown-rump and head length, and embryo dry weight were measured, as well as GSH activity in embryonic tissue by using 5,5-dithion-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), and membrane lipid fluidity of visceral yolk sac cell by DPH fluorescence polarization technique. Results Al 2(SO 4)3 at Al 3+ concentration of 3 ?g/ml resulted in significant inhibition of development of embryos and differentiation of organs, and increasing prevalance rate of abnormal embryos including open neural tube, small head abnormality and deficit in flexion. At Al 3+ concentration of 6.0 ?g/ml, the activity of GSH and the membrane lipid fluidity of visceral yolk sac decreased significantly. In a certain degree, the dose-effect(response) relationship were observed in the above hazardous effects induced by Al 2(SO 4)3. Conclusion Al 2(SO 4)3 presented potential teratagenicity and embryotoxicity, which might be associated with the decreases of the membrane lipid fluidity of visceral yolk sac and the activity of GSH both induced by Al 2(SO 4)3.

[Objective]To observe the change of ultrapathology in the rat model study of experimental lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.[Method]Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into two guoups at random,including in the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was incised through posterior approach along spinous process,resected below erector spinal muscle,the supraspinal and interspinal ligament and the posterior of the zygapophysial joint at the center of the third lumbar spine for providing the rat degeneration of lumbar intervertebral induced by mechanical instability state.The control group was just incised the skin.All of th rats were examined after eight weeks by electronmicroscope.[Result]There was no special ultrapathological characterization after operation in the control group,while in experimented group most chonduocyte-like cells were degenerated or necrotic and their number decreased markedly,collagenous fibrils appeared various kinds of degeneration including fusion,twist and calcification,and there were gaps between the collagen bundles.[Conclusion]Observing the change in the rat model study of experimental lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration by ultrapathology,it can offer the experimental data studying tile degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc.

Objective:To construct of eukaryotic expression vector of RNA interference specific for CXCR4. Methods: Genome sequences of CXCR4 gene were retrieved from Genbank and cDNA was designed coding expression of shRNA (small hairpin RNAs) for CXCR4 gene. The cDNA was synthesized and inserted into plasmid pWH1, and the recombinant pWH1-CXCR4 expression vector was identified by enzyme cutting method. Then, pWH1-CXCR4 expression vector were transfected into salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mc3 cells. At last, the expression of CXCR4 in Mc3 transfected with pWH1-CXCR4 expression vector was evaluated by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. Result:Compared with Mc3 cells and Mc3 cells transfected with plasmid pWH1, the Mc3 cells transfected with pWH1-CXCR4 expression vector showed a lower mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4. Conclusion:The constructed CXCR4 shRNA expression vector can block the expression of CXCR4 in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells, and it may be helpful for further study on the significance of CXCR4 on the proliferation, metastasis and experimental treatment of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

re To understand the developmental toxicity of aluminum and its mechanism. Methods The embryos of SD rats at the 9. 5th day after gestation were explanted and cultured in a whole-embryo culture system with exposure to AlCl3 at Al3+ concentrations of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 ?g/ml for 48 hours. Using Brown's mor-phological scoring system, yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length, head length and embryonic dry weight were mea-sured. Results A certain dose-effect relationship (r= - 0.890? 0.973, P

Objective To explore the kinds and levels of phthalates leaching from disposable plastic products. Methods Samples of peritoneal dialysis solution, blood preservative solution, infusion instruments, preservative film, disposable plastic bags and water in plastic bottles were analyzed for phthalates by RP-HPLC after liquid-liquid extraction and/ or solid phase extraction. Results Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was leached from all medical instruments, the maximum level of which reached 77.51?g/ L. Di-n-butyl phthalate was leached from disposable plastic bags, the level of which reached 91.45?g/ kg. Phthalates were not found in samples of preservative film and water in plastic bottles. Conclusion As DEHP leaching from the medical instruments might directly enter the human body, attention should be paid to its health hazards.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the importance of self-supervision spirit in the PIVAS.METHODS:According to the characteristics of PIVAS in our hospital,the importance of self-supervision spirit in PIVAS was introduced and the methods to cultivate the spirit were evaluated.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Self-supervision spirit of staff can reduce mistakes and improve the working of PIVAS to promote the safety of clinical drug use.

[Objective]To evaluate the operative technique and the short-term clinical results of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) in adults. [Method]Sixty-one patients(77 hips) with DDH who received THR without cement between December 1997 and October 2006 were followed up.In this group,53 cases were female,and 8 cases were male.The average age was 31.4 years(range,17~56 years).According to the classification of Hartofilakidis,fifteen cases were type I(eighteen hips);twenty-three cases,type Il(thirty hips);and twenty-three cases,type III(twenty-nine hips).The average Harris Hip Score was 40 points(range,16~61).All of patients were exposed through the.posterolateral approach.The threaded cup with coating were put in or near the level of the true acetabulum in all of cases.Full coating stems were used in femoral side,shortening osteotomy below lesser trochanter of femur were performed in twelve cases. [Result]The mean duration of follow-up was 49 months(range,12~118 months),the average Harris Hip Score increased from 40(range,16~61) preoperatively to 91(range,82~95) at the time of the latest follow-up.All the hips acquired union of osteotomy and bone ingrowth.None of the patients had radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening of prosthesis. [Conclusion]Uncemented total hip arthroplasty for the developmental dislocation of the hip in adults can get better results significantly,although it presents greater technical difficulty.

AIM: To study extraction process with the aid of cyclodextrin (EPAC) of Radix Salvias Miltiorrhizae. METHODS: Taking tanshinone Ⅱ_A, Danshensu, dry extract as the indexes, EPAC and water extraction process(WEP) were compared. RESULTS:The index of tanshinone Ⅱ_A of EPAC was better than WEP in extract, but there was not obvious difference in the indexes of Danshensu and dry extract. CONCLUSION:EPAC is worth researching further.

Objective To research the absorption mechanism of paeoniflorin across Caco-2 monolayer model. Methods Depending on the Caco-2 cell monolayers drug transport model to study the double transport mechanism of paeoniflorin. To explore the effect of paeoniflorin absorption by time and drug concentration, the drug concentration was determined through the use of HPLC instrument and the Papp was calcalatad. Results In the Caco-2 monolayer model, the transport of paeoniflorin form Apical (AP) to Basolateral (BL) is similar to the transport form BL to AP. Conclusion The main mechanism of the paeoniflorin intestinal absorption in the Caco-2 monolayer model is passive transference.