It is nonlinear relationship between breath sounds and respiratory flow rate, thus breath sounds might be a new solution for respiratory monitoring. The envelope of the breath sounds was created firstly. And the linear relationship between the logarithm of envelope and the respiratory flow rate was proved. Then model parameters were derived from every subject using regression analysis. Finally, using these parameters estimated respiratory flow rate was achieved by the logarithm of envelope with 14.9% error. Therefore, respiratory flow rate estimation and respiration monitoring based on breath sounds are feasible.
Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Respiratory Sounds

Bilingual teaching was taken into the part of computed tomography(CT)teaching in the medical image equipment for 2003 grade image undergraduates.In order to know the students' demands to the bilingual teaching as well as the students' requests in the bilingual teaching implementation process,the questionnaire was carried on to the students;at the same time the bilingual teaching test result was analyzed so as to evaluate its teaching effect.

Objective To explore the application value of cellular automata(CA)in simulating the epidemic spread of out-break of influenza A(H1N1).Methods The publications regarding influenza A(H1N1)from January 2009 to March 2015 were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),epidemiological data of H1N1 were retrieved ac-cording to inclusion criteria,the Matlab 7.0 software was adopted to construct CA model for simulating and analyzing the epidemic of H1N1 occurred in a university in Chongqing between October 12 and November 20,2009.Results There were a total of 17 820 students in this university,the epidemic of influenza lasted 40 days in 2009;When the parameter,the ef-fective infection rate was 0.04,the model of CA fit well,and gave estimate for basic reproduction number (R0 )1.202. Conclusion CA has certain reliability in simulating epidemics of airborne infectious diseases,it can provide reference for the prevention and control of disease.

Objective To explore the effect of improved local nerve block anesthesia in correction of nasal septum surgery.Methods One hundred and fifty-one cases of patients with simply received correction of nasal septum surgery were divided into two groups,72 cases with normal local nerve block (normal group),receiving sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal nerve block anesthesia; 79 cases with the improved local nerve block (improved group),receiving sphenopalatine,anterior ethmoidal and incisive canal nerve block anesthesia.Two groups of anesthesia success and anesthesia effect were compared.Results The anesthesia success rates of improved group and normal group who were performed correction of nasal septum surgery without removal of the nasal bottom ridge were 100.0％(41/41) and 97.3％ (36/37),there was no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).But for 73 cases who were performed correction of nasal septum surgery with removal of the nasal bottom ridge,the anesthesia success rate in improved group was higher than that in normal group [92.1％(35/38) vs.45.7％(16/35)],there was significant difference (x2 =18.623,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Based on the distribution characteristics of sensory nerves of the nasal cavity,and combined with endoscopic techniques,the conventional sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal nerve block anesthesia is suitable for nasal septum surgery without removal of the nasal bottom ridge and the advanced sphenopalatine,anterior ethmoidal and incisive canal nerve block anesthesia is the first choice for nasal septum surgery with removal of the nasal bottom ridge.

Objective To determine whether the adjustment of the pusher of GTF was useful to decrease the degree of tilting of the femoral Ginther Tulip filter (GTF) in an in vitro caval model. Methods The caval model was constructed by placement of a 25 mm × 100 mm and two 10 mm ×200 mm Dacron graft inside a transparent bifurcate glass tube. The study consisted of two groups: left straight group (GLS) (n =100) and left curved group (GLC) (n = 100). In the GLC, a 10° to 20° angle was curved on the introducer.The distance (DCH) between the caval right wall and the hook was measured. The degree of tilting (DT) was classified into 5 grades and recorded. Before and after the GTF being released, the angle (ACM1, 2)between the axis of IVC and the metal mount, the distance (DCM1) between the caval right wall and the metal mount, the angle (ACF) between the axis of IVC and the axis of the filter and the diameter of IVC (DIVC) were measured. The data were analyzed with Chi-Square test, t test, rank sum test and Pearson correlation test. Results The degree of GTF tilting in each group revealed a divergent tendency. In group LC, the apex of the filter tended to be grade Ⅲ compared in group LS (x2 value 37. 491 ,P ＜0.01).The differences of most variables between GLS and GLC were considered as statistical significance(16. 60° vs.3.05°, 20.60° vs. 3.50°, -3.90°vs. -0.40°, 2.98 mm vs. 10.40 mm, - 10.95° vs. -0.485°,13. 17 mm vs. 10.06 mm, - 1.70° vs. 0.70°, t or Z values - 12. 187, - 12. 188, -8.545, -51.834,-11. 395,9. 562, -3. 596, P ＜ 0. 01). There exist significant positive correlation between ACM1 and ACF,ACM1 - ACM2 and DCH1 - DCH2 in each group, respectively(r values 0. 978,0. 344,0. 879,0. 627 ,P ＜0. 01),while significant negative associations are detected between DCH1 and ACF in each group , ACP and ACF in group LC(r values -0.974, -0.322, -0.702,P＜0.01). Conclusion The technique of adjusting the orientation of filter pusher had minimized the incidence and extent of GTF filter tilting in vitro.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CD147 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9)in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC)tissue and their clinical significance.Methods The expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 were analyzed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical staining in LSCC and control group tissues.Results ① The positive rate of CD147 was 83.3% (30/36)in LSCC,which was higher than that in laryngeal polyp (33.3%,5/15)and in adjacent normal tissue (16.7%,6/36);it was related to histological grade, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis status (P<0 .0 5 ).② The positive rate of MMP-9 was 7 2 .2% (2 6/3 6 )in LSCC,which was higher than that in laryngeal polyp (13.3%,2/15)and in adjacent normal tissue (5.6%,2/36);it was related to histological grade,T stage,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis status (P<0.05).③ There was a positive correlation between the expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 in LSCC tissue (r=0.721,P=0.000). Conclusion The over-expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 in LSCC may contribute to the development and metastasis of LSCC.

siRNA drug research and development is becoming one of the main objectives in the future. However, due to the in-stability of siRNA and the complex environment in vivo, the safe and effective delivery of siRNA is limited in vivo. Thus, special vectors are used to assist siRNA to express biological effects. This paper reviews the advances in non-viral vector for delivery of siRNA in vivo.

Objective To investigate the relationship between coronary artery lesions and multiple risk factors in the patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Totally 429 patients were definitely diagnosed with CHD by coronary arteriography and their BMI, BP, FBG, TG, HDL-c as well as age, gender, smoking, TC, LDL-c, UA were recorded. All patients were divided into two groups: CHD with MS, CHD. Results BMI, BP, FBG, TG, HDL-c, TC, LDL-c and UA were significantly higher in CHD with MS group than those in CHD group (P

Objective To evaluate the current status of intestinal nematode infection in Shanghai and make recommendations for further control activities Methods Retrospective review of the control program was made based on the change of nematode prevalence in Shanghai area since the 1950s, and challenges under the current situation were analysed. Results The intervention measures included chemotherapy, health education, sanitary disposal of human excreta and safe water supply. With the control strategy, socio\|economical development and the change of farming patterns, the prevalence of intestinal nematode infection in population was reduced by 88\^5%, from 62\^6% in 1955 to 8\^2% in 2000. Among them, ascaris infection decreased by 89\^0%, from 52\^1% to 6\^3%, hookworm infection decreased by 99\^0%, from 12\^9% to 0\^1%, but pinworm infection was still as high as 18\^9% in 1999. Conclusion Prevalence of nematode infection in Shanghai was considerably reduced. To match it with the current socio\|economical development in the Municipality, however, more needs to be done. Sustainable control activities and surveillance are recommended.

Objective To evaluate the effect of heart rate control with esmolol on hemodynamics, inflammatory cytokines and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The patients with septic shock admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from August 2014 to October 2016 were enrolled. After 24 hours of resuscitation and other therapy, they were randomly divided into two groups by sealed envelope. The patients in experimental group was treated with continuous intravenous esmolol infusion for 24 hours, initial dose was 0.05 mg·kg-1·h-1, and was titrated to decrease the heart rate by 20% as compared with the value at the time of enrollment or below 95 bpm, while isotonicsaline was given to control group through intravenous line at 3 mL/h for 24 hours. The differences in hemodynamic parameters at 0, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours, as well as serum inflammatory cytokines and blood lactate (Lac) at 0, 12, and 24 hours, 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups.Results Seventy-six septic shock patients were admitted during the study, 12 were excluded forsuspicious acute myocardial infraction (AMI) or acute left heart failure or for the history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 4 were quitted the study for being unable to tolerate the lowest dose of esmolol, giving up treatment, or death within 24 hours. Finally, 60 patients completed the study, 30 patients in experimental group, and 30 in control group. There were no differences in gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and infection source between two groups, indicating the general data between the two groups were balanced and comparable. The decrease in heart rate was more markedly in experimental group than that of control group at 1, 4, 48 hours after esmolol administration (bpm: 97.4±16.5 vs. 110.9±19.6, 95.2±15.3 vs. 105.1±17.9, 86.4±12.1 vs. 97.2±22.6, allP < 0.05), cardiac index (CI) at 8, 24, 48 hours was significantly increased(mL·s-1·m-2: 57.2±13.5 vs. 46.5±11.0, 57.7±15.7 vs. 48.7±14.7, 61.2±16.5 vs. 51.5±14.7, allP < 0.05), and stroke volume index (SVI) at 4, 8, 24 hours was significantly increased (mL/m2: 34.1±6.9 vs. 29.0±8.7, 35.0±6.1 vs. 28.8±9.6, 38.3±10.1 vs. 31.9±13.2, allP < 0.05). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) at 24 hours in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (ng/L: 0.15±0.06 vs. 0.13±0.05,P < 0.01). There were no differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP), Lac, white blood cell (WBC), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) between the two groups, and no difference in 28-day mortality between experimental group and control group was found (30.0% vs. 36.7%,χ2 = 0.300,P = 0.583).Conclusions It is efficient and safe to use esmolol for heart rate control in patients with septic shock after resuscitation. Esmolol can improve cardiac performance without affecting blood pressure and Lac, but has no effect on inflammatory cytokines and prognosis.