Objective To study the microanatomy of the area in which the facial nerve being easy to damage in mastoid surgery, in order to provide microanatomical datas for the clinical works. Methods In 20 adult wet skull specimens (40 temporal bones), the segments of facial nerve and their adjacent structures in the area in which the facial nerve being easy to damage were observed according to operation of mastoid surgery. Results The length of the horizontal segment was (8.85 ± 1.01) mm (7.10-11.25 nun), the diameter was (1.88 ± 0.65) mm (1.55-1.90 mm); The angle opening towards anterior direction between horizontal segment and vertical segment was (115.50 ± 6.89°) (109.5°-128.6°); The vertical distance from the cochlearform process to this segment was (1.89 ± 0.58) mm (0.90-3.05 mm); The vertical distance from the midpoint of the base of stapes to this segment was (1.92 ± 0.52) mm (1.44-2.56 mm); The vertical distance from the head of the stapes to this segment was (2.30 ± 0.85) mm (1.97-3.11 mm); The angle towards posterior direction between horizontal segment of facial nerve and tympanic tegmen was (28.5°± 3.66°) (25.8°-31.5°); The diameter of the pyramidal segment of facial nerve was (1.89 ± 0.65) mm (1.56-1.88 mm); The distance between the su mmit of pyramidal segment of facial nerve and the apex of shor limb of incus was (2.55 ± 0.21) mm (2.10-2.90 mm); The distance from the su mmit to the eminence of the lateral semicircular canal was (2.86 ± 0.31) mm (2.23-3.56 mm); The diameter of the proximal part of vertical segment of facial nerve was (2.13 ± 0.13) mm (1.90-2.40 mm); The angle towards superior direction between verical segment of facial nerve and chorda tympani nerve was (38.60 ± 1.99°) (28.5°-52.5°); The vertical distance from the top of the pyramidal eminence to the vertical segment of the facial nerve was (2.05 ± 0.65) mm (1.85-2.36 mm). Conclusions The eminence of the lateral semicircular canal, short limb of incus, cochlearform process, tympanic tegmen, stapes, pyramidal eminence, chorda tympani nerve in the area are important landmarks to be located in mastoid surgery. The anatomic relations in this area are complicated and compact. Anatomical knowledge is very important to the surgery of this area.

Background and purpose: Collecting duct carcinomas of the kidney are a rare malignant tumor accounting for<1%of renal malignancies. It is associated with aggressive nature and more than 50%of patients have metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. The diagnosis of collecting duct carcinoma is often dififcult and to some extent is one of exclusion. This study aimed to study the clinicopathologic features of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Methods:We retrieved the data of ifve cases of collecting duct carcinomas of the kidney from pathology ifles, and determined the expressions of CK19, CAM5.2, CK7, Vimentin, CD10, P63 and PaX-8 by pathohistological observation and immunohistochemical examination. Results: The most common symptoms were blood urine, bellyache and abdomen mass. The tumor originated from the medulla of the kidney central zone. Histologically, the tumors demonstrated irregular tubular or papillary architecture with the stroma of inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue proliferation. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CK19(5/5), CAM5.2(5/5), PaX-8(5/5), Vimentin(2/5), CK7(1/5), and negative for P63, CD10. Conclusion: The correct diagnosis in collecting duct carcinomas of the kidney is based on characteristic morphological features and immunophenotype labeling.

Objective To explore on location of the segments of the facial nerve being easy to damage in mastoid surgery.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted according to the clinical data of 97cases with chronic suppurative otitis media performed with radical mastoidectomy (or radical mastoidectomy + tympanoplasty) from May 2010 to September 2012,and summarized the methods to locate the segment of the facial nerve being easy to damage in operation.Results ①One case of congenital defect of facial nerve canal was found in 97 cases.②The horizontal segments of the facial nerve of 97 cases were successfully located depending on combined/partial anatomic landmarks including eminence of the lateral semicircular canal,short limb of incus,cochlearform process,tympanic tegmen,stapes.③The pyramidal segment of facial nerve of 97 cases were successfully located depending on combined/partial anatomic landmarks including eminence of the lateral semicircular canal,short limb of incus.④The proximal part of vertical segment of the facial nerve of 97 cases were successfully located depending on combined /partial anatomic landmarks including short limb of incus,chorda tympani nerve,pyramidal eminence,eminence of the lateral semicircular canal.Conclusion The eminence of the lateral semicircular canal,short limb of incus,cochlearform process,tympanic tegmen,stapes,pyramidal eminence,chorda tympani nerve in the area in which the facial nerve being easy to damage are important landmarks by which the segment of facial nerve easy to damage might be located in mastoid surgery.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of thyroid carcinoma in children. Method The clinical data of 19 children under 14 years old with thyroid carcinoma diagnosed and treated from January 2003 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 19 cases (12 males and 7 females), there were 18 cases of papillocarcinoma and one case pf follicular carcinoma. Unilateral lobectomy plus isthmectomy was performed in 6 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 4 cases and total thyroidectomy in 9 cases. Unilateral cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 5 cases and bilateral in 11 cases. After the operation, multiple lesions were confirmed by pathology in 9 cases, thyroid capsular invasion in 14 cases, lymphatic metastasis in 15 cases and distant metastasis in 5 cases. All the patients were treated with TSH, and 10 cases were treated with 131I after operation. The median follow-up time was 63 months. There was no death in all cases, while local residual tumor recurrence was found in 2 cases and cervical lymph node metastasis in 2 cases and distant metastasis in one case. Conclusion Thyroid carcinoma in children is mostly well-differentiated, so the overall prognosis is better. However, children who have extracapsular invasion, multiple lesions in bilateral thyroid, cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis are at high risks and should be treated with comprehensive therapy that includes total thyroidectomy.

ObjectiveTo understand the state of low vision and blindness and vision parameters of the elderly in a town in the suburbs of Shanghai， and analyze the factors that affect the weakened vision of the elderly. MethodsA total of 5 243 community residents who participated in a community physical examination in Sijing Town of Songjiang District of Shanghai were selected as the subjects. Their eyesight was examined for low vision and blindness using the international standard visual acuity chart. At the same time， medical vision examinations were carried out on the subjects， including eye acuity， spherical degree， axial position， horizontal corneal curvature， vertical corneal curvature and cylinder degree. ResultsThe increase in age has an impact on the incidence of low vision and blindness in the elderly community in Sijing Town， with an increased proportion of monocular low vision （χ²=112.545， P<0.05）， binocular low vision （χ²=21.006， P<0.05） and monocular blindness （χ²=9.418， P<0.05）. P<0.05）， a significant downward trend of cylindrical power （F=20.358， P<0.05） and a significant upward trend of spherical power （F=50.274， P<0.05）， axial position （F=7.934， P<0.05） and corneal curvature vertical data （F=7.351， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe incidence of low vision and blindness among elderly community residents in Sijing Town is related to the increase of age. Systematic visual inspection is helpful for early detection and treatment of low vision and blindness among elderly residents in the community.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of knocking down long chain non-coding RNA MALAT-1 gene on the biologicalbehaviors of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells.

METHODSWith immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial(NPE) cell line NP-69 as the reference, MALAT1 expression in FaDu, Hep-2 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells weredetected using real-time PCR. Hep-2 cells were transfected with shmalat1 lentivirus and the expression of MALAT1 wasdetected. MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and M Atrigel invasiveness test were used to evaluate the effect ofMALAT-1 knockdown on the proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, migration, and invasiveness of Hep-2 cells.

RESULTSCompared with NP-69 cells, Hep-2 cells, FaDu cells, and CNE-2Z cells all showed significantly increased MALAT-1expression. In Hep-2 cells, knockdown of MALAT-1 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, increased the cell percentagein S phase ( < 0.01), decreased the cell percentage in G2/M phase ( < 0.01), and attenuated the migration and invasiveness of thecells.

CONCLUSIONSMALAT-1 is over-expressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and knocking down MALAT-1 gene cansignificantly suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration and promotes apoptosis of the cancer cells.