Objective To discuss the difference of handwriting characteristics of schizophrenia,neurosis and healthy people according to the gender,the age and the level of educated.Methods The handwriting data were obtained under the standard condition of handwriting,then the 24 Chinese characters handwriting image information were transformed into digital data using the quantitative characteristics of Chinese characters handwriting recognition system (CCQAS4.0),finally the data of 99 patients with schizophrenia and 131 patients with neurosis were analyzed.Results Many significant differences had been found in schizophrenia,neurosis and norm group (P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),such as footer space((198.33±26.50) mm,(180.31±39.31)mm,(192.39±35.08) mm),average line spacing ((4.02 ± 1.68) mm,(5.34 ± 2.20) mm,(4.76 ± 2.00) mm) etc ; and there were also some important differences between the schizophrenia patient and the neurosis patient from different gender,age and education level in the 24 handwriting characteristics (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusions (1) Significant handwriting characteristic differences have surely been found among the schizophrenia/neurosis patient and normal people.(2) Gender,age and education level have impact on the characteristic in the schizophrenia patient and the neurosis patient.

Objective? To understand the self-management status among elderly chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and to compare the regional differences of self-management. Methods? By random cluster sampling, we investigated 6 124 elderly CHF patients from 102 hospitals in five regions, East China (Jiangxi Province, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province), West China (Qinghai Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province), South China (Hainan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), North China (Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Central China (Henan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province). The investigation result statistics were carried out and regional differences were compared. Results? The self-management of elderly CHF patients had a low to medium level with 61.25% (49/80) ＜80% for the scoring rate. The scores of East China and Central China were higher and the score of West China was low; the regional differences were statistical (H=59.07, P＜0.01). The score of diet management was highest with 66.67% for the scoring rate (8/12); East China had the highest score, and West China had the lowest score; the regional differences were statistical (H=92.49, P＜0.01). The scoring rate of medication management was 65.00% (13/20) with the highest in East China and low in North China and West China; the regional differences were statistical (H=351.10, P＜0.01). Mental/social adjustment management was poor with 60.00% (12/20) for the scoring rate; the scores of Ease China were higher than those of North and West China; the regional differences were statistical (H=8.84, P＜0.01). Symptom management was the worst with 57.14% (16/28) for the scoring rate; the scores of East and Central China were high;the regional differences were also statistical (H=17.62,P＜0.01). Conclusions? Self-management of elderly CHF patients needs to be improved. Systematic and targeted health education for different regions should be carried out to improve patients' self-management and to reduce the disease burden.