Objective:To improve the surgical technique to establish the arterialized orthotopic liver transplantion in rat.Methods:On the basis of two-cuff technique of Kamada,we improved the techniques of separaring,perfusing donor liver,the anastomosis of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava,and so on.And used the modified "stent" method to reestablish the hepatic artery.Results:80 cases of operation were completed.The time of donor operation,recipient operation and anhepatic time were(40?3) min,(50?5)min,and(16?2)min,respectively.The time of reestablishing suprahepatic inferior vena cava and hepatic artery were(6~9) min,(2~3) min,respectively.The survival rate at 48 h,1 week and 1 month were 96.3%,93.7%,and 87.5%,respectively.Conclusion:The modified method can enhance the stability and survival rate,which is an ideal method for establishing the arterialized orthotopic liver transplantation model in rat.

Ideal ecological condition for the growth of Ophiopogon japonicus(L. f) Ker-Gawl. is a warm and moist environment. It is generally planted along the banks of Fujing River,460～520m above sea level. The best soil will be brown and sandy with complicated parent material,rich in mineral,calcium and organic matters,neutral and vivid with bacterial activity. It has a deep soil horizon,shallow water level,loosely composed on the surface while tightly beneath,good permeation for both air and water. Such a concert among soil,water,air,heat and manure will result in a high yield of the plant to satisfy the demand of high quality product.

Objective To evaluate Caspofungin for the treatment of fungous infection liver transplant patients. Methods From 2003 to 2008 clinical data of 27 cases of liver transplant patients with fungal infections were reviewed retrospectively. Before 2005 (control group) fungal infections were treated with amphotericin B or Fluconazole in 13 cases. After 2005, the infection was treated with Caspofungin (observation group) in 14 cases. Liver function (AST, ALT, TBIL) and renal function (BUN, Scr) were evaluated at one and two weeks respectively. Result of treatment was evaluated 7 ～ 14 d after the treatment as for the clinical cure rate, with or without acute rejection. Result The liver function of the observation group compared with that of the control group at one week was as AST(t =8. 03 ,P <0. 01), ALT(t =9. 09, P<0.01), TBIL(t =6.01,P<0.01), and at 2 week as AST(t=5.59,P<0.01), ALT(t =6.60,P< 0. 01), TBIL(t = 8.45,P <0. 01). The renal function of the observation group compared with that of the control group after one week as for BUN(t =6. 51 ,P <0. 01), Scr(t =5.66,P <0. 01). At 2 week,as BUN (t =7.61,P <0.01), Scr(t =6.91,P <0.01). The clinical cure rate of the control group was 7/13 (53%), that of the observation group was 12/14(86%) ; Two cases in the observation group and one in the control group had acute rejection which was successfully managed by methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Conclusion Caspofungin is an ideal alternative therapy for fungal infection after fiver transplantation.

Objective To explore the modified of methods and techniques to establish a rat model of or thotopic liver transplantion effectively by a single operator, and improve the stability. Methods On the basis of two-cuff technique of Kamada, we improved the techniques of perfusing, shearing, triming donor liver, the suturation of the superior and inferior eaval veins, and so on. Operation was performed in 80 rats with modified techniques (experiment group) and conventional techniques (control group), respectively, compare the survival rates of 48 h, 1 week, lmonth were compared between the two groups. Results In contrast to conventional teehniques, the modified techniques reduced the average time of donor operation, recipient operation and anhepatie phase (P < 0. 05), elevated 1-week, 1-month survival rates, remarkably (P < 0. 05 ).Between the Iwo groups, the survival rate of 48 hour had no statistical significance (P > 0. 05). Conclusions The modified techniques may reduce the operation time of donor and receptor effectively raise the quality of donor liver, elevated the survival rate of receptor. II is a stable, reliable and effective method to establish the rat urthotopic liver transplantation model.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of 2916 strains and analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens and to provide evidences for clinical therapy.METHODS The distribution,and the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens,which were collected and isolated from all of the clinical specimens from Jan 2007 to Oct 2008 in our hospital,were studied restrospectively.RESULTS Totally 2916 strains(except fungi) of pathogens were isolated from patients,among which 1857 strains were Gram-negative bacteria(63.7%) and 1056 strains were Gram-positive cocci(36.2%).The five common bacteria isolated from the specimens were Escherichia coli(14.3%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.8%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10.7%),Staphylococcus aureus(10.5%),and Acinetobacter baumanii(8.7%).The ESBLs producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae accounted for 31.4% and 33.7%,respectively;meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) accounted for 53.3% and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci(MRCNS) accounted for 49.6%;vancomycin-resistant S.aureus was not isolated Gram-negative bacilli had the lowest resistance to carbapenems,and then to piperacillin/tazobactam(TZP) and cefoperazone/sulbactam(CFS),showing multi-resistantce.Gram-positive cocci were more sensitive to vancomycin,rifampicin,nitrofurantoin than to other antibacterials.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance of the isolated bacteria is common.It is very important to monitor the drug resistance of the bacteria regularly,for guiding the clinic use of antibiotics rationally,and infection control.

Objective To improve the method of orthotopic liver transplantation model in mice.Methods On the basis of "Qian SG" mothod,the techniques of perfusion,harvesting,and trimming of donor's liver,as well as the anastomosis of superior and inferior caval veins were improved.Operations were performed in 70 mice with improved technique(experiment group) and in 70 mice with conventional technique(control group),respectively.The operation time in both donors and recipients,and the survival rates of 48h,1 week and 1 month after operation were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time for both donors and recipients and the time of anhepatic phase were 37?2min,45?2min and 16?2min,respectively in experiment group,while they were 45?2min,54?2min and 23?2min,respectively,in control group,so that the average time for each procedure was significantly shorter(P0.05).Conclusions The improved technique may shorten the operation time and raise the survival rate,and is an ideal method for the establishment of orthotopic liver transplantation model in mice.

Objective To study the surgical technique of construction of orthopic liver transplantation model in mice by a single operator.Methods On the basis of two-cuff technique,running suture was used to reestablish the suprahepatic vena cava(SHVC),"two-cuff"technology to reestablish the portal vein(PV)and infrahepatic vena cava(IHVC),and"stent"to reestablish the bile duct.Operation was performed in 70 mice,the 24 h,1 week,1M postoperative survival rate were noted,and hepatic function and pathological change were observed.Results The 24 h,1 week and 1M survival rate was 95.7%,90.9%,85.1%,respectively.The ALT increased gradually in the first postoperative week,and dropped to normal level in the first month.Pathology showed the structure of liver tissue was fine.Conclusions The method is an ideal mothod to establish the orthotopic liver transplantation model in mice,because it has high survival rate,good stability and is easily replicated.

Objective To evaluate the mid-term effectiveness of the medium-and-long-term programme of the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province. Methods The programme was carried out in Jiangsu Province and the comprehensive measures relied mainly on snail control, detection and chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and livestock. The mid-term effectiveness of the programme was observed and evaluated longitudinally. Results The coverage rate of snail control areas and the ratio of chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and livestock rose year after year. The snail areas, the infected snail areas and the infection rate of schistosome for residents and livestock reduced year after year. There were negative correlations between the coverage rates of snail control and the infected snail areas, the number of settings with infected snails, the infection rate of schistosome for residents, the infection rate of schistosome for livestock and the morbidity of acute schistosomiasis, respectively (rInfected snail areas=-0.897,P=0.039;rNo. of settings with infected snail=-0.937,P=0.019;rInfection rate for residents=-0.913,P=0.031;rInfection rate for livestock=-0.991,P=0.001;rMorbidity of acute schistosomiasis=-0.894,P=0.041). There were negative correlations between the ratio of chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and the infected snail areas, and between the ratio of chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for livestock and the infected snail areas (rRatio of chemotherapy for residents =-0.965,P=0.008;rRatio of chemotherapy for livestock=-0.921,P=0.027). There were negative correlations between the funds of schistosomiasis control and the infection rate of schistosome for residents livestock, respectively (rInfection rate for residents=-0.897,P=0.039;rInfection rate for livestock=-0.971,P=0.006). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that there were the linearity relationships between the infection rate of schistosome for residents and the coverage rates of snail control, and between the infection rate of schistosome for livestock and the coverage rates of snail control, and between the morbidity of acute schistosomiasis and the coverage rates of snail control. Conclusions The effect of the comprehensive strategy of schistosomiasis control which relies mainly on snail control, detection and chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and livestock are remarkable. The snail control and chemotherapy are effective and immediate. The increased funds would be essential guarantee for control and elimination of schistosomiasis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and superiority of local anaesthesia video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (LA-VATS) in diagnosis and treatment of open thoracic trauma (OTT).Methods Seventy-eight patients with OTT emergently admitted from February 2007 and June 2012 were randomized into LA-VATS group (n =37) and conventional treatment group (n =41) by the toss of a coin.In the LA-VATS group,further treatment was determined following LA-VATS.Volume of chest tube drainage,duration of chest tube placement,average length of hospital stay,and postoperative complications were measured and compared between groups.Results In the LA-VATS group,23 patients completed LA-VATS and 14 were transferred for simple VATS-assisted mini-thoracotomy under general anesthesia.In the conventional treatment group,24 cases completed debridement and chest drainage and 17 cases were transferred for thoracotomy under general anesthesia.Volume of chest tube drainage [(195.0 ± 150.8) ml/d∶ (480.0 ±212.3)ml/d] (t =-2.675,P ＜0.05),duration of chest tube placement [(2.6 ± 1.4) d∶ (3.8 ± 1.9) d] (t =-2.318,P ＜ 0.05),average length of hospital stay [(6.4 ±2.3) d ∶ (10.9 ± 3.3) d] (t =-2.471,P ＜ 0.05),and incidence rate of postoperative complications (10.8％ ∶22.0％) (x2 =4.132,P ＜0.05) were all significantly different between LA-VATS and conventional treatment groups.Conclusion LA-VATS is safe and feasible for diagnostic exploration and simple treatment of OTT.

Objective To observe hibernation phenomena of Oncomelanai hupensis and explore the way of inducing the hibernation in laboratory. \ Methods\ Snails, O\^hupensis hupensis, were collected from marshland of Jiangsu. The snail hibernation was induced by the way of cultivation at a mimic natural environment in the laboratory with gradually changing temperature. The amount of oxygen consumed by snails was tested by iodine titration, and their hibernation was tested by pin puncture followed by warm water. \ Results \ There was no significant difference on the rate of snail \{hibernation\} when the temperature was reduced by 1 ℃ per 24 hrs and by 1 ℃ per 48 hrs. The hibernation rate \{increased\} with the decreasing temperature. There was a significant regression relationship between hibernation rate and temperature with R\+2=0\^967 (F=207\^72, P