Dermatitis, Contact ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans

Many patients are currently suffering from nickel (Ni)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There have been few Korean studies dealing with the threshold of Ni-induced ACD and quantifying the total amount of Ni in the metal alloys. The aim of this study is to evaluate the amount of Ni leached from metal alloys and Ni contents in metal alloys, and to estimate the threshold of Ni-induced ACD. All the earrings we examined leached below 0.5 microgram/cm(2)/week, the upper limit of European Union (EU) regulation, but the other metal alloys leached a much higher amount of Ni than the limit. Likewise, all the earrings we examined contained less than 0.05% Ni (500 microgram/g), the upper limit of EU regulation, but the other metal alloys exceeded this limit. Twenty Ni-sensitive subjects, who were patch-tested with various concentrations of Ni sulphate, showed positive reactions to 5% and 1% Ni sulphate, 10 subjects showed positive reactions to 0.01%, and the most sensitive subject showed reaction even to 0.0001%. The subjects in this study were more sensitive to Ni than those in the previous studies done in Europe. Taken together, strictly regulating the Ni-containing alloys that are made in Korea is needed to lower the occurrence of Ni-induced ACD.
Alloys/*chemistry ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*metabolism ; Dermatitis, Contact/*diagnosis/*etiology ; European Union ; Humans ; Irritants ; Korea ; Metals/*chemistry ; Nickel/*analysis ; Patch Tests ; Petrolatum ; Quality Control ; Time Factors

The authors reviewed two patients showing "vitiligo-like depigmentations" where the skin had been in close contact with a metal spectacle frame made of nickel alloy. In spite of the hypersensitivity to nickel in both patients, they showed clinical and histologic findings indicate that the formation of "vitiligo-like depigmentation" does not result from posinflammatory hypopigmentation but from chemical hypomelanosis. We could not explain the underlying mechanisms; however, the speculation that the "vitiligo-like depigmentation" may come from the direct effect of the nickel itself, prompted us to report these cases.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Contact/*etiology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nickel/*adverse effects ; Vitiligo/*chemically induced

Adult ; Dermatitis, Contact ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo study the contact allergenic activities of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its three metabolites trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate.

METHODSA modified guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) was adopted. The skin sensitization (edema and erythema) was observed in trichloroethylene, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, chloral hydrate and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

RESULTSThe allergenic rate of TCE, trichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was 71.4%, 58.3% and 100.0% respectively, and that of trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate was 0%. The mean response score of TCE, trichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was 2.3, 1.1, 6.0 respectively. The histopathological analysis also showed an induction of allergenic transformation in guinea pig skin by both TCE and trichloroacetic acid.

CONCLUSIONTCE appears to be a strong allergen while trichloroacetic acid a moderate one. On the other hand, both trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate are weak sensitization potentials. Immunologic reaction induced by TCE might be postulated as the pathological process of this illness. Consequently, it is suggested that in the mechanism of Occupational Dermatitis Medicamentose-Like (ODML) induced by TCE, the chemical itself might be the main cause of allergy. As one of its metabolic products, trichloroacetic acid might be a subordinate factor.

Allergens ; toxicity ; Animals ; Chloral Hydrate ; toxicity ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; etiology ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; etiology ; immunology ; Ethylene Chlorohydrin ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Guinea Pigs ; Skin ; drug effects ; immunology ; Toxicity Tests ; Trichloroacetic Acid ; toxicity ; Trichloroethylene ; metabolism ; toxicity

Plants in Acaceae family are often considered as ornamental and medicines. However many of them have irritation properties. As medicinal plants some of them are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and they are figured as poisonous. Through investigating the domestic and overseas studied paper, the needle-like calcium oxalate crystal exits in the plants of Acaceae family could be thought as irritation components of them. This conclusion is same with the studied conclusion of our study group in the medicines plant of Pinellia ternate belonging to the Acaceae family and our studies showed that the needle-like calcium oxalate crystal was the main irritation component of raw P. ternate. The irritated mechanism of raphides is relevant to its special shape, the protein enzyme adhering to it and idioblasts in plants.
Araceae ; chemistry ; Calcium Oxalate ; analysis ; poisoning ; Conjunctival Diseases ; chemically induced ; Crystallization ; Dermatitis, Contact ; etiology ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; drug effects ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

No abstract available.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/*adverse effects/instrumentation ; Dermatitis, Contact/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Female ; Histamine Antagonists/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypertension/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Steroids/administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEto establish the optimum preparation procedure for Tongjingshu babu sticking plaster.

METHODOrthogonal design was used to observe the adhesion power, cohesion by the multi-electronic experimental equipment.

RESULTThe best formulation is composed of ointment, polypropylene acid, glycerin, bond and its proportion is 0.2:4:8:1.2, the final plaster contains 35% water with idea stability to the skin.

CONCLUSIONThe formulation of Tongjing-shu babu sticking plaster is resonable and its preparation is simple and rapid.

Adhesives ; adverse effects ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Dermatitis, Contact ; etiology ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; isolation & purification ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Ointments ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polypropylenes

This study is to observe the inhibition of etoposide on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and explore its possible mechanism of action. Dinitrofluorobenzene was used to induce the allergic contact dermatitis in mouse ear. Three groups of animals were orally administrated with different doses of VP-16 (5, 10, and 20 mg x kg(-1)), separately, for six days. The degree of skin inflammatory reaction was observed by optical microscope. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Radioimmunoassay was applied to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). VP-16 significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and the degree of infiltration reaction, and decreased the level of TNF-a in serum and the expression of ICAM-l in skin. VP-16 can significantly inhibit allergic contact dermatitis induced by DNFB. This therapeutic effect of VP-16 on murine ACD may be due to inhibiting expression of some cytokines.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; blood ; etiology ; metabolism ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Female ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Skin ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the immunological mechanism of allergic dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (TCE).

METHODSThe guinea pig model of TCE-induced allergic dermatitis was established by Guinea pig Maximization Test. The effects of TCE and its metabolites on splenic lymphocytes of TCE-sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pig were detected by MTT assay.

RESULTSFor TCE-sensitized guinea pig, the survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) was significantly higher than that cultured with TCE (-S9) (83.0% +/- 3.4% vs 75.9% +/- 7.9%, P < 0.01), while, for normal animals, the survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) was significantly lower than that cultured with TCE (-S9) (63.4% +/- 8.4% vs 77.0% +/- 7.2%, P < 0.01). The survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) in TCE-sensitized animals was higher than that in normal animals (83.0% +/- 3.4% vs 63.4% +/- 8.4%, P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference was found for TCE (-S9) (75.9% +/- 7.9% vs 77.0% +/- 7.2%, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCytotoxicity of TCE to normal lymphocytes and proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes were enhanced by metabolic activation. The metabolites of TCE may act as effective immune hapten to stimulate the proliferation of hapten-specific lymphocytes in TCE-sensitized animals.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; etiology ; immunology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; drug effects ; Spleen ; drug effects ; immunology ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity