Maintain technological superiority and prevent technological surpriseis the mission of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA) of the United States.Over the recent years, DARPA has strengthened biotechnology research,including infective disease response.This paper analyzed the biotechnology development strategy of DARPA, as well as funded projects relating to infectious disease response.Also, the main characteristics of DARPA were summarized.

Objective To introduce the important anti-bioterrorism exercises in some countries and to find out what we can learn from those exercises, then to service our country on the preparation of anti-bioterrorism exercise. Methods The introductions and reports concerning anti-bioterrorism exercises in some countries were searched from internet and papers, then the data were analyzed and summarized, some commonness were drown out. Results Some developed countries pay attention to anti-bioterrorism exercise. Some problems and countermoves can be found by those exercises. Conclusions Our country is also facing the threat of bioterrorism. Improving the biodefence ability is a challenge to our country. Our country has done some exercise, but biodefence exercise is few. Our country needs to develop some anti-bioterrorism measures in which we need focus on: decision-making process, cooperation, international collaboration, communication, disease control and prevention, medical treatment, drug and vaccine preparation.

Research on dual-use of life sciences can promote human health and social development .However,potential harm is also gradually recognized .This article introduces the definition of dual-use life sciences research , major develop-ments and risk samples , trends of development and surveillance , and proposes some considerations in future efforts to strengthen the oversight of dual-use life sciences research .

The 2013 Meeting of Experts from States Parties to the Biological Weapons Convention ( BWC) was held in Geneva from August 12 to 16 in 2013 .This paper reviews the main topics and results of the meeting , analyzes the current situation of biological arms control , and proposes some methods to strengthen implementation .

In recent years , a series of agriculture biosecurity accidents have occurred ,such as mad cow disease , foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza , which has aroused worldwide , concern over agriculture bioterrorist attacks .This paper comprehensively analyzes the history and impact of agriculture bioterrorism , the current status of international agricul-ture bioterrorism research , and important issues to be taken into account in future efforts to deal with agriculture bioterrorism .

Classification of biological agents is a basic work in biodefense capability building that can help set priorities of biodefense .In this study , we compared and analyzed the Biological Agent Category Lists and the defining criteria used by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) of the United States, the European Union and Russia .We also compared with biological agent category lists for other purposes .

Biodefense research based on modern information technology is an important supplement to traditional biode -fense capacity building and an important part of the national biodefense system in the 21st century.This article outlines the typical biodefense information systems developed in the last ten years and analyzes the development trends of this research field.It is hoped that more domestic research institutions or researchers can become interested in this field .

Objective To analyze the papers published by domestic scientific research workers in order to improve the academic level of their papers. Methods The papers published by over 3000 domestic scientific research workers were investigated with questionnaires. Their motives to publish papers and the relation between the number of pub-lished papers and the assessment of their performance were analyzed. Results The number of papers published by domestic scientific research workers was increased. However, their academic level was to be further improved. Over quantization of the assessment mechanisms for scientific research increased the external motives to publish papers, thus leading to the insufficient internal motives of them to engage in scientific research. Conclusion A loose and comfortable academic environment should be created for the scientific research workers in order to initiate their in-ternal motives to publish papers. Over quantization of the assessment mechanisms for scientific research should be changed in order to reduce the external motives of domestic scientific research workers to publish papers. Innovative and cultural environment should be created in order to improve the soft power of scientific research in our country.

Based on situation assessment of the core areas of biosecurity , this paper summarizes three typical features of biosecurity that make it different from traditional safety , abd proposes that biosecurity be regarded as a living-project of a country .A mature and powerful country has to possess sufficient capacity to ensure biosecurity .This study also analyzes the national biosecurity strategyies and practices of the United States ,which has established a national-level capacity building strategy and roadmap with clear objectives ,specified the responsibilities of each federal agency , and regulations linked up with strategic planning .Biosecurity in China is at the crossroads where crisis coexists with opportunity , making it urgent to establish the national biosecurity strategy .

Chinese Association for Science and Technology in conjunction with Beijing Institute of Biotechnology and Beijing Science and Technology Consulting Center carried out a survey of the research publications by science and technology professionals in China in year 2014.Based on the overall survey data,we selected the group of medical professionals,including medical organization personal according to the classification of different types of units and health care personals according to the job type,and analyzed the status of research publications,including the number of papers published,motivation,stress,evaluation mechanisms,journal selection,and compared with other classification groups.