Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal γ-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 ( GAT-1 )small interfering RNA (siRNA) on neuropathic pain in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were studied. The experiment was performed in 3 parts. Part Ⅰ Twenty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =4 each): GAT-1 siRNA-1 group, GAT-1 siRNA-2 group, GAT-1 siRNA-3 group, negative control siRNA group and DEPC treatment group. Two days after ligation of sciatic nerve, intrathecal siRNA 2 μg or equal volume of DF-PC was injected once a day for 3 consecutive days. The rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed at 2nd day after the last intrathecal injection for determination of the expression of GAT-1 in the spinal dorsal horn by Western Blot. Part Ⅱ Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): GAT-1 siRNA-3 + lipo2000 group, GAT-1 siRNA-3 mismatch siRNA + lipo2000 group, and DEPC treatment + lipo2000group. Paw-withdrawl threshold (PWT) to thermal and mechanical stimulation was measured before ligation of sciatic nerve, 3 days after ligation of sciatic nerve and at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after consecutive administration for 3 days. Part Ⅲ Eighty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as described in Part Ⅱ ( n = 28 each). Four rats were killed at each time point and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of GAT-1 in the spinal dorsal horn by Western blot. Results PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly inreased and the GAT-1 expression was down-regulated after the injection of GAT-1 siRNA.Conclusion Intrathecal GAT-1 siRNA can reduce the neuropathic pain by inhibiton of up-regulation of the GAT-1 expression in the spinal dorsal horn in rats.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of dynamic hip screw (DHS) internal fixation and proximal femoral nail (PFN) internal fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures were randomly divided into 2 groups,85 patients were in DHS group and 80 patients were in PFN group.The clinical effectiveness,index in operative procedure and complications were compared between two groups.Results The fine rate of DHS group and PFN group was 75.3％(64/85 ) and 83.8％( 67/80 ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).The indexes of function recover time,fracture healing time,amount of bleeding in operation,operation time in PFN group were significant lower than those in DHS group [(54.3 ± 11.7 ) d vs.(92.6 ± 10.5 ) d,(63.8 ± 12.2) d vs.(71.3 ± 10.6) d,(453.3 ± 50.7) ml vs.(627.5 ± 46.8) ml,(77.9 ± 25.2) min vs.( 115.7 ± 32.8) min](P＜0.05 ).The rate of short-term complications was 16.2％ (13/80) in PFN group,and 12.9 ％ ( 11/85 ) in DHS group(P ＞ 0.05 ).The rate of long-term complications was 1.2％( 1/80 ) in PEN group and 4.7％(4/85 ) in plts group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures,PFN internal fixation has less bleeding and better efficacy,and can improve function recovery.PFN internal fixation is a better method for unstable femoral fracture.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with hip fracture,and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and intervention.Methods 470 patients with hip fracture were chosen as the objects of study.The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed,including age,gender,injury,combined with other systemic diseases,fracture type (whether old fractures),two D-dimer level.All the patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity were divided into DVT group and nonDVT group.There were 83 cases in DVT group,387 cases in non-DVT group.The factors like aboves as independent variables,presence of deep vein thrombosis as dependent variable,,preoperative deep venous thrombosis of the characteristics and risk factors were analyzed.Results 83 patients had DVT,the incidence rate was 17.7％.There were significant difference in age (40/83 vs 268/387),combined with other system diseases (57/83 vs 283/387),prevention measures (58/83 vs 196/387),D-thrombosis two dimer level (16/83 vs 122/387) of the two groups (x2 =13.712,14.836,9.876,5.313,all P ＜ 0.05).3 age ≥ 40 years,with other system diseases and injury,did not take to prevent the formation of thrombus measures were independent risk factors influencing the occurrence of DVT.Conclusion Age ≥40 years,combined with other system diseases and injury,don't take to prevent the formation of thrombus measures are independent risk factors influencing the occurrence of DVT.

Objective To study the factors effect on the measurement of CT value.Methods CT water phantom was scanned using the regular condition of scaning first,then changed one of scaning conditions (thick slice, exposure capacity, reconstruction of function, kV, FOV and CT-scanner) to scan the water phantom again. The CT value (mean?SD) of image region of interest (ROI) was compared in two conditions. Results The mean CT value in the opposite ROI in thick slice 5mm and exposure capacity 150 mAs was similar to that in thick slice 10mm and exposure capacity 300mAs, the reconstruction of function Fc80 was lower Fc10 , the 130kV was distinct higher 120Kv in mean of CT value respectively.The SD(noise) in thick slice 5mm was near to the exposure capacity 150mAs, while in contrast to the thick slice 10mm and the exposure capacity 300mAs was obvious increased , but the reconstruction of function Fc80 was distinct higher Fc10, the 130kV was slightly lower 120Kv in SD(noise) respectively . All of mean CT value and the noise in the small field were higher in the middle field ,when CT imaging in the water phantom of the single small field .This result was also received when the old Toshiba CT-scanner was compared with the new GE CT-scanner in the differ water plantom.Conclusion The CT value is not constant and can’t act as a diagnostic standred.

Objective To observe the anti-tumor effects of Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb(APL) ,a Chinese herbal medicine ,on hepato-cellular carcinoma cells in vitro and investigate the underlined mechanisms preliminarily .Methods APL water extracts were pre-pared .SMMC-7721 cells were cultured with the medium containing different concentrations of APL water extracts ,and at different time points ,cell viabilities were measured by the MTT assay and inhibitory rates (IR) were calculated ;cell morphologic changes were observed under a light microscope ;apoptotic ratios were measured by flow cytometry ;and the expressions of Bcl-2 and P53 proteins were examined by immunocytochemistry .Results After the cells were cultured with the medium containing APL water ex-tracts for 24 h ,48 h and 72 h ,no obvious effects were found on the cell proliferation in 5 mg/mL group and 10 mg/mL group ,but IR were 0 .5% ,23 .9% and 27 .5% in 20 mg/mL group and 23 .3% ,51 .7% and 71 .6% in the 40 mg/mL group ,respectively .In the groups with effects on the cells proliferation ,morphological characteristics of apoptosis were obvious ,and the cell apoptotic ratios were 19 .5% and 23 .0% in 20 mg/mL group and 33 .4% and 42 .7% in 40 mg/mL group at 48 h and 72 h .The expressions of Bcl-2 protein were 71 .9% and 58 .5% in 20 mg/mL group and 47 .9% and 26 .5% in 40 mg/mL group at 48 h and 72 h ,and the ex-pressions of P53 protein were 22 .9% and 50 .6% in 20 mg/mL group and 48 .7% and 83 .7% in 40 mg/mL group at 48 h and 72 h . Conclusion The water extracts of APL are able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells dose-time depend-ently in vitro ,which might be associated with the expression changes of Bcl-2 and P53 protein .

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) band leukoaraiosis (LA) in patients with acute stroke.Methods The clinical and imaging data of patients with acute stroke were analyzed retrospectively.The numbers of CMBs were counted and the severity of LA was graded according to the results of MRI.Fasting venous samples were obtained and the plasma Hey concentration was measured the next day after admission.Results A total of 139 patients with acute stroke were enrolled,67 of them were females and 72 were males (mean age 70.1 ± 10.2 years); 24 had hemorrhagic stroke and 115 had ischemic stroke.The age (76.23 ± 8.74 years vs.64.58 ± 7.42 years;t =4.621,P =0.012) hypertension ratio (89.13％ vs.67.74％ ;x2 =8.324,P =0.0 370) and plasma Hey level (14.53 ± 4.31 mmol/L vs.11.31 ±3.16 mmol/L;t =6.538,P=0.008| in a severe LA group (n=46) were significantly higher than those in a non-severe LA group (n =93).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation between the plasma Hcy level and the severity of LA (rs =0.365,P =0.002).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased Hey level (odds ratio [ OR ],1.366,95％confidence interval [ CI] 1.141 - 1.526; P =0.010) and age (OR 1.093,95％ CI 1.031 - 1.162; P =0.016)were the independent risk factors for severe LA.The age (74.37 ± 6.35 years vs.67.56 ± 8.52 years; t =6.628,P =0.038) and hypertension ratio (94.74％ vs.62.20％;x2 =8.773,P =0.002) in a CBM group were significantly higher than those in a non-CMB group (n =82).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the plasma Hcy level and the numbers of CBMs (rs =0.038,P =0.813).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was an independent risk factor for CBMs.Conclusions The elevated plasma Hcy level was associated with LA,but it was not associated with CBMs.

Objective To observe the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) and the downstream signaling pathways in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) activated rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC-T6).Methods Rat HSC-T6 cells were divided into blank control group (no treatment),UA control group (50 μmol/L UA),PDGF group (10 μg/L PDGF),UA intervention group (50 μmol/L UA + 10 μg/L PDGF),diphenyleneiodonium intervention(DPI) group (20 μmol/L DPI+ 10 μg/L PDGF),SB203580 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kirase(p38MAPK) inhibitor) intervention group (10 μmol/L SB203580 + 10 μg/LPDGF),LY294002 (phosphatidylinositop 3 kinase(PI3K) inhibitor) intervention group (10 μmol/L LY294002 + 10 μg/L PDGF) and rosup positive control group (5 μg/mL rosup).Except rosup positive control group,the expression of type Ⅰ collagen at mRNA level of each group was detected by fluorescence quantitavepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The expression of membrane protein p47phox (except rosup positive control group),PI3K(except rosup positive control group and SB203580 intervention group),p-protein kinase B (p-AKT,except rosup positive control group and SB203580 intervention group) and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK,except rosup positive control group and LY294002 intervention group) were tested by Western blot.Except SB203580 intervention group and LY294002 intervention group,the fluorescence intensity in the cells of each group was analyzed with active oxygen detection kit and fluorescence microplate reader.Single factor analysis of variance and LSD test were performed for comparison between groups.Results Type Ⅰ collagen at the mRNA level of PDGF group (3.74±0.32) was higher than that of blank control group (1.00±0.00) ; Type Ⅰ collagen at the mRNA level of UA group (0.21 ±0.02) was lower than that of blank control group,UA intervention group (1.02 ± 0.12),DPI intervention group (1.09±0.21),SB203580 intervention group (1.18± 0.27),and LY294002 intervention group (1.15 ± 0.26) were all lower than PDGF group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =15.667,-4.501,-15.553,-15.154,-14.642 and -14.813,all P＜0.05).p47phox at the protein expression level of PDGF group (1.98±0.53) was higher than that of blank control group (1.00±0.00) ; that of UA group (0.48±0.10) was lower than blank control group; those of UA intervention group (0.95 ± 0.26),DPI intervention group (0.99 ± 0.28),SB203580 intervention group (0.93±0.31),and LY294002 intervention group (1.07±0.19) were all lower than PDGF group (t=4.209,-2.234,4.424,-4.252,-4.510 and-3.909,all P＜0.05).The protein expression level of PI3K of PDGF group (2.27±0.46) was higher than that of blank control group (1.00±0.00); that of UA intervention group (0.14 ± 0.07) was lower than PDGF group and blank control group; that of UA group (0.14±0.07) was lower than blank control group; those of DPI intervention group (0.53±0.25) and LY294002 intervention group (0.35±0.14) were all lower than PDGFgroup (t 6.205,8.208,-2.003,4.202,-8.502 and-9.831,all P＜0.05).The protein expression level of p-Akt of PDGF group (2.54±0.49) was higher than that of blank control group (1.00± 0.00); those of UA intervention group (0.74± 0.20),DPI intervention group (0.94 ± 0.37) and LY294002 intervention group (1.17±0.41) were all lower than PDGF group; that of UA group (0.59± 0.15) was lower than blank control group (t=5.927,-6.928,-6.158,-5.273 and-1.578,all P＜ 0.05).The protein expression level of p-p38MAPK of PDGF group (1.98±0.35) was higher than that of blank control group (1.00±0.00); those of UA intervention group (0.68±0.28),DPI intervention group (0.63±0.27) and SB203580 intervention group (0.67 ± 0.29) was all lower than PDGF group; that of UAgroup (0.28±0.13) was lower than blank control group (t=4.897,-6.479,-6.727,-6.529 and-3.561,all P＜0.05).The level of active oxygen of PDGF group (105.57±7.51) was higher than that of blank control group (69.60±8.63) ; those of UA intervention group (64.56±9.11),DPI intervention group (65.75 ± 6.62) was lower than PDGF group,UA group (29.84 ±3.19) was lower than blank control group (t=6.368,-7.288,-7.071 and-7.255,all P＜0.05).Conclusion UA could inhibit membrane displacement of NOX subunit p47phox and reduce active oxygen production in PDGF induced rat HSC-T6 cells,and then block phosphorylation of PI3K Akt,p 38MAPK signal pathways and inhibited the expression of type Ⅰ collagen at mRNA level.

Objective: To explore the effects of plumbagin (PLB) on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma hepG2R cells resistant to sorafenib, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The hepatocellular carcinoma cells hepG2 were cultured in vitro and the models of sorafenib-resistant HepG2R cells were set up. MTT assay was used to identify the resistance factor and screen the concentration and time of drug. According to the results, the concentrations of sorafenib and PLB were confirmed as 5 μmol · L-1 and 2 μmol · L-1. The action time in various groups was 48 h. The HepG2R cells were randomly divided into control group, sorafenib (5 μmol · L-1) group, PLB (2 μmol · L-1) group, sorafenib (5 μmol · L-1) combined PLB (2 μmol · L-1) group (combination group). MTT assay was used to detect the cell vitality in various groups. The clone formation rates of cells in various groups were detected by clone formation assay. The apoptotic rates of cells in various groups were determined with Hoechst33342 assay and flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax and Bel-2 proteins in the cells in various groups were examined by Western blotting method, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was calculated. The reactive oxygen (ROS) levels in the cells in various groups were detected by ROS detector kit. Results: As the increasing of concentrations of sorafenib, the cell vitalities of HepG2 and HepG2R cells were gradually decreased; the IC5o of sorafenib-resistant HepG2R cells was 4. 5 times as much as HepG2 cells (P<0. 05). The sensitivities of sorafenib resistant HepG2R cells were increased with the increasing of PLB concentrations and prolongation of time. Compared with control group, sorafenib group and PLB group, the clone formation rate of the cells in combination group was decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The Hoechst 33342 assay results showed the nuclei were lightly stained; a few of the nuclei in sorafenib group and PLB group were strongly stained and bright; while in combination group, the nuclei were mostly stained and chromatin was condensed and bright. The FCM results showed that compared with control group, sorafenib group and PLB group, the apoptotic rate of cells in combination group was significantly increased (P< 0. 05 or P< 0. 01). The Western blotting results showed that the expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 in the cells and the Bax/Bcl -2 ratio in combination group were increased significantly (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The ROS level in the cells in combination group was higher than those in the other groups (P< 0.05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion: PLB can improve the resistance of hepartocellular carcinoma to sorafenib and the mechanism may be related to increasing the ROS level.

Objective:To establish a computer-aided design and 3D printing system for precise implantation of micro implant anchorage, and accurately calibrate the position and direction of micro implant implantation.Methods:A retrospective selection was conducted on 15 patients (30 in total) who underwent micro implant implantation surgery from the Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from November 2019 to November 2021, including 6 males and 9 females, aged (17.1±6.3)years old. The preoperative patient was photographed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the collected DICOM data format was output. A 3D scan was performed on the patient′s preoperative analysis model to obtain the STL file of the model scan. The CBCT data and model data were fitted and matched using 3Shape Implant Studio software, and the thickness of the guide plate, the amount of undercut compensation, and the size of the key component collar were designed. The 3D printer was used for printing after resizing. Using the assist method to implant micro implants, CBCT was taken postoperatively to compare the preoperative design with the postoperative results.Results:After fitting the postoperative CBCT with the designed CBCT of the micro implant, it was found that the micro implant was consistent with the preoperative design, maintained a safe distance and parallel to the adjacent tooth root, and did not damage the maxillary sinus and other areas. No detachment of the micro implant anchorage was observed 1 or 3 months after surgery. The application of assisted micro implant anchorage 3D guide plate was reliable, with accurate implantation position and direction, and can be implanted in most parts of the oral cavity.Conclusions:The use of computer-aided design and 3D printing system to create an assistive micro implant anchorage 3D guide plate can accurately locate the position and direction of the micro implant, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

The massive water and steam are consumed in the production of cellulose ethanol, which correspondingly results in the significant increase of energy cost, waster water discharge and production cost as well. In this study, the process strategy under extremely low water usage and high solids loading of corn stover was investigated experimentally and computationally. The novel pretreatment technology with zero waste water discharge was developed; in which a unique biodetoxification method using a kerosene fungus strain Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 to degrade the lignocellulose derived inhibitors was applied. With high solids loading of pretreated corn stover, high ethanol titer was achieved in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, and the scale-up principles were studied. Furthermore, the flowsheet simulation of the whole process was carried out with the Aspen plus based physical database, and the integrated process developed was tested in the biorefinery mini-plant. Finally, the core technologies were applied in the cellulose ethanol demonstration plant, which paved a way for the establishment of an energy saving and environment friendly technology of lignocellulose biotransformation with industry application potential.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; economics ; Biofuels ; analysis ; Biotransformation ; Ethanol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Lignin ; metabolism ; Steam ; Water ; analysis