Objective To explore the correlation between adenoid hypertrophy and secretory otitis media.Methods The cases of adenoid hypertrophy were screened and selected by nasopharyngeal lateral X ray.We chose 58 normal children after the clinical examination as control group.In accordance with the degree of adenoid hypertrophy,they were divided into three groups:the normal group,middle-grade and high-grade groups of adenoid hypertrophy with the association between the degree of adenoidal hypertrophy and the incidence rate of secretory otitis media analyzed.Results There was no difference in the incidence rate of secretory otitis media between the normal and middle-grade groups.The incidence rates of secretory otitis media were significantly different between the normal and high-grade groups(P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of secvetory otitis media and the degree of adenoid hypertrophy showed positive correlation.The greater is the size of adenoids, the severer is the degree of obstruction of the nasopharyngeal cavity and the higher is the incidence of secretory otitis media.

Objective To evaluate the effect of proper nutritional therapy guided by indirect caloimetry . Methods According to the digitaltable ,70 critically ill patients whose APACHE II >5 were randomly divided into oberserving ( nutritional therapy guided by indirect caloimetry ) and control groups ( nutritional therapy guided by harris-benedict formula),each group 35 cases.The results of nutrition support were analysed .Results TP,MAMC,ALB were higher than that before treatment in oberserving group (all P<0.05),the MAMC was also higher than that in control groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in Hb and TSF after treatment IN oberserving group (all P>0.05).Conclusion The nutritional therapy guided by indirect caloimetry by harris-benedict formula have the some nutritional effect in critically ill patients .

ing microecological preparation,or continuously pumping EN fluid into the stomach or jejunum may reduce the incidence of diarrhea.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of 50 Hz power-frequency magnetic fields on signal transduction pathway of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK), and explore the cellular signal transduction mechanism of the biological effects induced by power-frequency magnetic fields.

METHODSChinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line was exposed to power-frequency magnetic fields with two intensities(0.1 and 0.4 mT) for different exposure durations. The cytoplasmic protein was extracted. The phosphorylated(activated) and non-phosphorylated P38 MAPK and MKK3/MKK6 were measured by Western blotting analysis with their specific corresponding antibodies.

RESULTSPower-frequency magnetic fields at 0.4 mT for 10 min could transitorily induce the activation of P38 MAPK and after 15 min the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK restored to control level, while 0.1 mT power-frequency magnetic fields could not induce the activation of P38 MAPK within 24 h. However, both 0.1 mT and 0.4 mT power-frequency magnetic fields could not phosphorylate(activate) the MKK3/MKK6, which is a general upstream kinase of P38 MAPK.

CONCLUSIONPower-frequency magnetic fields could transitorily activate the P38 MAPK, but not MKK3/MKK6. The activation mechanism of P38 MAPK needs to be further identified.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme Activation ; radiation effects ; Lung ; enzymology ; radiation effects ; MAP Kinase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6 ; metabolism ; Magnetics ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible interference effect of electromagnetic noise exposure on phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK) induced by 50 Hz magnetic field(MF).

METHODSChinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were exposed to sham exposure(C), 0.4 mT 50 Hz sinusoidal MF, 0.4 mT electromagnetic noise and the combined noise MF with 50 Hz MF for 3 min and 15 min respectively. After exposure, the cells were lysed, and the proteins were extracted. The SAPK and phosphorylated SAPK (activated form of SAPK) were measured indirectly by Western blot with corresponding antibodies. The percentage of phosphorylated SAPK was calculated and analyzed.

RESULTSExposure of cells to 50 Hz MF for 3 min and 15 min enhanced the SAPK phosphorylation. The percentage of phosphorylated SAPK were 49.3% and 57.0% respectively, and were significantly different from those of control(P < 0.05, n = 4). However, single noise MF exposure with the same intensity did not enhance the SAPK phosphorylation, the percentage of phosphorylated SAPK were 37.7% and 31.8% (P > 0.05). When cells were exposed to the combined noise MF with 50 Hz MF for 3 min, the SAPK phosphorylation was significantly inhibited (24.4%, P < 0.05); for 15 min, the SAPK phosphorylation was also decreased (39.0%), but there was no significant difference from control and 50 Hz MF exposure(P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNoise MF with certain intensity could inhibit the biological effect induced by 50 Hz MF.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Phosphorylation

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of 50 Hz power-frequency magnetic fields on signal transduction pathway of stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK), and explore the cellular signal transduction mechanism of the biological effects induced by power-frequency magnetic fields.

METHODSChinese hamster lung(CHL) cell line was exposed to power-frequency magnetic fields with two intensities for different exposure durations. The cytoplasmic protein was extracted and the phosphorylated portion of SAPK and SEK1/MKK4 was measured with Western blotting analysis. The SAPK enzymatic activity was measured by the solid-phase kinase assay in cells exposed to power-frequency magnetic fields for 15 min.

RESULTSBoth 0.4 mT and 0.8 mT power-frequency magnetic fields could enhance the phosphorylation of SAPK in a time-relative course manner, and reached the maximum extent at 15 min, with an increase of 20% and 17% respectively. The solid-phase kinase assay showed that the enzymatic activities of SAPK were also increased, which were 2.9 +/- 0.4 and 2.1 +/- 0.9 times of control respectively. However, the duration of SAPK phosphorylation induced by 0.8 mT was longer than that of 0.4 mT, while the duration and extent of SAPK dephosphorylation was remarkably shorter than that of 0.4 mT. The power-frequency magnetic fields under equal conditions could not phosphorylate(activate) the SEK1/MKK4.

CONCLUSIONPower-frequency magnetic fields could activate the SAPK, but not SEK1/MKK4. It is suggested that power-frequency magnetic fields may activate SAPK signal transduction pathway through a kinase other than SEK1/MKK4. The activation mechanism of SAPK of power-frequency magnetic fields needs to be identified in more detail.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme Activation ; radiation effects ; Lung ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Magnetics ; Phosphorylation