BACKGROUND: The treatment strategy for femoral neck fractures has not been confirmed, and choosing internal fixation or arthroplasty remains controversial. After internal fixation, the occurrence of bone nonunion and osteonecrosis of femoral head makes its long-term treatment outcomes far from satisfactory. Can we improve the functional recovery through high-quality reduction, accurate fixation and active postoperative exercise? If so, it may be favorable for the elderly with femoral neck fractures, especially for those combined with other serious diseases.OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of life in the elderly with femoral neck fractures after internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty.METHODS: 148 patients with femoral neck fractures aged more than 60 years old in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2010 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The operation time,intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, mortality rate, reoperation rate and postoperative quality of life were compared between internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in the patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures (Garden type I or II) displaced femoral neck fractures (Garden type III or IV), respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among 148 patients, 137 cases completed follow-up, and the follow-up rate was 92.6%. (2) The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time in the internal fixation group were significantly superior to those in the hemiarthroplasty group in patients with displaced or undisplaced femoral neck fractures (P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the mortality rate between two groups, and the reoperation rate in the internal fixation groups was slightly higher than that in the hemiarthroplasty group. (4) The Harris and SF-36 scores in both groups were increased with time, and the difference between two groups was decreased with time, which became equal at 2.5 years postoperatively (P > 0.05). Besides, the time of the patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the internal fixation group achieving the same quality of life with the hemiarthroplasty group was earlier than that of displaced ones. (5) These results suggest that internal fixation holds short operation time, simple operation skills and less trauma in the treatment of femoral neck fractures, and with the development of technology, it can achieve the early functional recovery. Thereafter, it is an effective method for senile femoral neck fractures.

Early enteral nutrition (EN) is one of important methods for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and it has been used over the world. In this article, different choices of nutrition opportunity, location of intubation and merits and defects of EN were reviewed. The aim of this review is to provide the evidence for EN being applied widely in clinic.

Objective To study the imaging features and adequate interventional therapy of the diffuse type hepatic cellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Fourteen patients with the diffuse type HCC underwent hepatic angiography and the adequate interventional therapy by TAI or TAE according to imaging appearances,blood supply and function of liver.Results ①Imaging appearances:the most common appearances of fourteen patients with the diffuse type HCC on DSA and CT included:tumor blood vessel was extensive and increased,tumor stain was extensive in left and right liver leaf(such as grain,small spot ,nodule shadows or low density area),liver enlarged obviously with liver cirrhosis,portal vein tumor thrombus,arteriopotal shunt and widespreadly scattered iodized oil,et al.②Therapeutic effect:the mean survival time of fourteen patients was 3 months,the longest survival period was 10 months and the shortest one was olny 15 days.Conclusion ①The specific appearances of the diffuse type HCC are diffuse small spot-like,frosted glass-like,double orbit-like and big liver-like.②The interventional therapeutic effect and prognosis of the diffuse type HCC are the worst than that of other type primary hepatic carcinoma.Selecting adequate interventional therapeutical plan can obviously prolong survival time of the patient.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in women ≤ 40 years of age.Methods One hundred and thirty one young (≤ 40 years) female patients with breast cancer pathologically confirmed in the General Hospital of PLA from January 1 st 2008 to December 31st 2012 (young group) were collected,and 262 elderly (41-69 years) female patients with breast cancer in the same period (old group) were collected as control using the random number table method.The clinicopathological characteristics involved TNM staging,histological grade,the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) and clinical stage of the two groups were contrastively analyzed.Results Compared with elderly patients,young female patients with breast cancer had lower positive rate of ER or PR (64.9％ vs.76.7％;x2 =6.171,P =0.013),higher positive rate of Her-2 (26.7％ vs.15.3％;x2 =7.415,P =0.006) and higher histological grade (grade Ⅱ 38.2％ vs.35.1％;grade Ⅲ 55.7％ vs.49.6％;x2 =6.835,P=0.033).There were no significant differences in T stage (x2 =1.764,P =0.623),N stage (x2 =0.129,P =0.988),clinical stage (x2 =4.916,P =0.178),molecular subtype (x2 =7.475,P =0.058) and different surgical procedures (x2 =0.913,P =0.339) between the two groups.Conclusion Young (≤ 40 years) female patients with breast cancer have specific clinical and pathological characteristics including higher histological grade,higher positive rate of Her-2,lower positive rate of ER or PR and higher degree of malignancy,who should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

Objective To study the influence of postoperative chemotherapeutic regimens on menstruation in pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer. Methods 120 pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 were followed-up. The occurrence rate and recovery rate of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) were analyzed. The relationship between different chemotherapeutic regimens and CIA of various age groups was analyzed. Results 120 women were followed-up, 94 (78.3 %) patients developed CIA. The frequency of CIA in younger patients (≤ 35 years) was significantly lower than that in patients older than 35 years (P < 0.05). 50 (53.2 %) patients returned to normal menses. The recovery situation of CIA was significantly different among various age groups (P < 0.05). The difference of the occurrence rate of CIA was not statistically significant between the patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and docetaxel-based chemotherapy (P > 0.05). Conclusions Age is an important influence factor of the CIA. Chemotherapy has less influence on the menstruation of younger patients (≤35 years) and most amenorrhea is reversible. The effects of sequential addition of taxanes in chemotherapy and anthracyclines alone on menstruation have no significant difference.

Aim To study the effects of ginsenoside-Ro on cell proliferation and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. Methods The effect of ginsenoside-Ro on murine splenocytes proliferation was studied using [3 H] thymidine incorporation assay. Effects of ginsenoside-Ro on the production of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) from murine splenocytes were detected by ELISA method. Effects of ginsenoside-Ro on mRNA level of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and Th2cytokine IL-4 were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.Results Ginsenoside-Ro showed no mitogenic effect on unstimulated murine splenocytes. It enhanced the proliferation of Con A-induced murine splenocytes and the production of IL-2 at concentrations of 1 - 10decreased the production and expression of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in Con A-induced murine splenocytes at regulating the production and expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in murine splenocytes.

Objective:To determine expression levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction and their clinical significance.Methods:A total of 80 patients with acute cerebral infarction in Chongqing Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to February 2016 were enrolled as an observation group.Another 80 healthy people served as a control group.The expression levels of UCH-L1 and GFAP in the 2 groups were detected.Results:Sensibility and specificity for UCH-L1 and GFAP were 75.0％,87.5％ and 81.3％,90.0％,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic curve areas of UCH-L1 and GFAP were 0.670 and 0.757,respectively.There were no significant significance in age,gender,drinking,smoke,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia in the 2 groups (P＞0.05).High blood pressure rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Spearson/Pearson analysis showed that serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels were positively correlated with hypertension,but they were negatively correlated with sex,age,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,alcohol consumption,smoking,and other factors.General data at different time in the observation group was not statistically different (P＞0.05).The expression levels of UCH-L1 and GFAP in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).UCH-L1 and GFAP levels at different time in the 2 groups were not statistically different (P＞0.05).UCH-L1 and GFAP levels in the light,medium,and heavy groups were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),while UCH-L1 and GFAP levels in the medium and heavy groups were higher than those in the light group (P＜0.05).There was significant difference between levels of UCH-L1 or GFAP and infarction size at different time in the observation group (P＜0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum UCH-L1 and GFAP were positively correlated (r=0.634,P=0.001).Conclusion:The levels of serum UCH-L1 and GFAP are significantly increased at the early stage of acute cerebral infarction,and they have a certain correlation with the severity of cerebral infarction,which can provide a basis for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVEWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is considered to be an autosomal dominant hereditary disease, but the gene is not identified. The objective of this study was to localize the genetic loci of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

METHODSLinkage analysis between the disease of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and 3 STR (short tandem repeats) markers on 7q3 (D7S505, D7S688, and D7S483) was tested in 3 kindreds of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (101 numbers in total) by genotyping.

RESULTSWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was linked to the loci above. The maximum two-point Lod score detected at D7S505 was 6.4 at a recombination fraction (theta) of 0.1; the Lod score of D7S688, D7S483 was 5.3 vs 2.5.

CONCLUSIONThe gene of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is located at 7q3.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields(ELF MF) on the amount and localization of connexin 43(Cx43) gap-junction protein in the Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells, and to explore the mechanism of ELF MF suppression on gap-junctional intercellular communication(GJIC).

METHODSThe cells were irradiated for 24 h with 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.8 mT without or with 12-O-tetrade-canoylphorbol-3-acetate(TPA), 5 ng/ml for 1 h. The localization of Cx43 proteins were performed by indirect immunofluorescence histochemical analysis and detected by confocal microscopy. The second experiment was conducted to examine the quantity of Cx43 proteins level in nuclei or cytoplasm and detected by Western blotting analysis.

RESULTSThe cells exposed to TPA for 1 h displayed less bright labelled spots in the regions of intercellular junction than the normal cells. Most of Cx43 labelled spots occurred in the cytoplasm and aggregated near the nuclei. At the same time, the amount of Cx43 protein in cytoplasm were increased[(2.03 +/- 0.89) in ELF group, (2.43 +/- 0.82) in TPA group] as compared to normal control(1.04 +/- 0.17) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONInhibition on GJIC function by ELF MF alone or combined with TPA may be related with the shift of Cx43 from the regions of intercellular junction to the cytoplasm.

Animals ; Cell Communication ; radiation effects ; Connexin 43 ; biosynthesis ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Gap Junctions ; radiation effects ; Lung ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology

Ardipusilloside-I is a natural triterpenoid saponin, which was isolated from Ardisia pusilla A. DC. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stimulation of ardipusilloside-I on gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo. The experiment of smooth muscle contraction directly monitored the contractions of the isolated jejunal segment (IJS) in different contractile states, and the effects of ardipusilloside-I on myosin were measured in the presence of Ca²⁺-calmodulin using the activities of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC₂₀) phosphorylation and myosin Mg²⁺-ATPase. The effects of ardipusilloside-I on gastro emptying and intestinal transit in constipation-predominant rats were observed, and the MLCK expression in jejuna of constipated rats was determined by western blot. The results showed that, ardipusilloside-I increased the contractility of IJS in a dose-dependent manner and reversed the low contractile state (LCS) of IJS induced by low Ca²⁺, adrenaline, and atropine respectively. There were synergistic effects on contractivity of IJS between ardipusilloside-I and ACh, high Ca²⁺, and histamine, respectively. Ardipusilloside-I could stimulate the phosphorylation of MLC₂₀ and Mg²⁺-ATPase activities of Ca²⁺- dependent phosphorylated myosin. Ardipusilloside-I also stimulated the gastric emptying and intestinal transit in normal and constipated rats in vivo, respectively, and increased the MLCK expression in the jejuna of constipation-predominant rats. Briefly, the findings demonstrated that ardipusilloside-I could effectively excite gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo.
Animals ; Ardisia ; Atropine ; Blotting, Western ; Epinephrine ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastrointestinal Motility* ; Histamine ; In Vitro Techniques ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myosin Light Chains* ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase* ; Myosins* ; Phosphorylation* ; Rats ; Saponins