Objective To evaluate bone marrow smear examination in early diagnosis of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection. Methods Seventy-three clinically suspected AIDS patients complicated with disseminated PeniciUium marneffei infection were included in the study. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smear examinations, and the fungal thermally dimorphic culture were performed in all cases. Results PeniciUium marneffei infection was identified in 44 patients by peripheral blood and bone marrow fungal thermally dimorphic culture. The features of the bone marrow smear were as follows : they were all hyperplastic or significantly hyperplastic; there were thickened and increased granules, vacuolization and band-formed in most granulocytes; there were increased and augmented histiocytes, and increased plasma cells. In 12 samples of bone marrow smear, there were phagncytized mulberry-like Penicillium marneffei organisms in the cytoplasm of the histiocytes or the organisms found extracellularly. One sample demonstrated the increased granulocytes and the phagocytized organisms in the neutrophils and monocytes. In 4 samples of peripheral blood smear, there were phagocytized Penicillium marneffe organisms in the neutrophils and monocytes. Conclusion Bone marrow smear examination is of value in early diagnosis of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection, which is 7 to 10 days earlier than routine fungal thermally dimorphic culture.

The massive water and steam are consumed in the production of cellulose ethanol, which correspondingly results in the significant increase of energy cost, waster water discharge and production cost as well. In this study, the process strategy under extremely low water usage and high solids loading of corn stover was investigated experimentally and computationally. The novel pretreatment technology with zero waste water discharge was developed; in which a unique biodetoxification method using a kerosene fungus strain Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 to degrade the lignocellulose derived inhibitors was applied. With high solids loading of pretreated corn stover, high ethanol titer was achieved in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, and the scale-up principles were studied. Furthermore, the flowsheet simulation of the whole process was carried out with the Aspen plus based physical database, and the integrated process developed was tested in the biorefinery mini-plant. Finally, the core technologies were applied in the cellulose ethanol demonstration plant, which paved a way for the establishment of an energy saving and environment friendly technology of lignocellulose biotransformation with industry application potential.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; economics ; Biofuels ; analysis ; Biotransformation ; Ethanol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Lignin ; metabolism ; Steam ; Water ; analysis