It is an important means to study the electrical activity of the brain's nerve cells by exploring physiological information of the EEGs from the frequency domain. The gravity frequency is one of the global parameters with using this method. We used the multitaper spectrum method (MTM) spectrum estimation method of good performance to calculate the EEG spectrum and its gravity frequency of subjects under vigilance and vigilance decrement state. The results showed that the gravity frequency of vigilance state was higher than that of vigilance decrement state, the gravity frequency became smaller along with the vigilance decrement, and the location of the gravity frequency shifted to the left in the spectrum. Finally, the monitoring curve of the gravity frequency was acquired by designing an algorithm, and it was used to online monitoring vigilance operators.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

Poor and monotonous work could easily lead to a decrease of arousal level of the monitoring work personnel. In order to improve the performance of monitoring work, low arousal level needs to be recognized and awakened. We proposed a recognition method of low arousal by the electroencephalogram (EEG) as the object of study to recognize the low arousal level in the vigilance. We used wavelet packet transform to decompose the EEG signal so the EEG rhythms of each component were obtained, and then we calculated the parameters of relative energy and energy ratio of high-low frequency, and constructed the feature vector to monitor low arousal state in the operation. We finally used support vector machine (SVM) to recognize the low arousal state in the simulate operation. The experimental results showed that the method introduced in this article could well distinguish low arousal level from arousal level in the vigilance and it could also get a high recognition rate. Have been compared with other analysis methods, the present method could more effectively recognize low arousal level and provide better technical support for wake-up mechanism of low arousal state.
Arousal ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support Vector Machine ; Wavelet Analysis

To adapt to the system reformation of medical laboratory science from five academic years to four academic years and to meet the new professional technology-oriented requirements, the medical laboratory science institute of Guangdong Medical College has carried out a comprehensive reform of curriculum system. This paper has analyzed the current problems in the school medical ex-amination and explored the curriculum system reform from three respects such as adjusting curriculum by restructuring and integrating programs, implementing modular teaching to build its characteristics and strengthening practice teaching.And it has also explored the full assessment mode by optimizing the traditional one-stop assessment.

Objective:To explore the effects of fluorescence method and improved expansion and collapse method on cardiopulmonary function, immune function and safety during segmental pneumonectomy.Methods:One hundred and fifty-six patients with lung segmental resection operation in Yucheng People′s Hospital from March 2018 to August 2020 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, each group with 78 patients. The patients in the observation group were treated with fluorescence method and the patients in the control group were treated with modified expansion collapse method. The operation indexes, immune function and cardiopulmonary function of the two groups were compared, and the incidence of postoperative complications were counted.Results:The intraoperative time and the appearance time of intersegmental plane in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group: (105.33 ± 10.62) min vs. (139.46 ± 12.58) min, (15.46 ± 1.13) s vs. (724.56 ± 65.65) s, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After operative for 1, 7 d, the levels of 6 min walking distance, peak expiratory flow rate, percentage of forced vital capacity and percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second in the observation group were higher than those in the control group: after operative for 1 d: (475.36 ± 10.29) m vs. (412.11 ± 13.33) m, (284.52 ± 10.33) L/min vs. (251.13 ± 12.89) L/min, (85.65 ± 3.21)% vs. (81.13 ± 1.43)%, (83.25 ± 2.55)% vs. (74.49 ± 2.53)%; after operative for 7 d: (510.23 ± 16.66) m vs. (488.33 ± 15.42) m, (302.13 ± 15.58) L/min vs. (285.12 ± 10.22) L/min, (93.46 ± 5.79)% vs. (88.44 ± 5.44)%, (92.25 ± 2.32)% vs. (85.54 ± 2.13)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After operative for 1, 7 d, the levels of CD 4+/CD 8+, CD 8+, CD 4+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group: after operative for 1 d: 0.85 ± 0.10 vs. 0.52 ± 0.04, 0.305 ± 0.025 vs. 0.285 ± 0.012, 0.325 ± 0.021 vs. 0.304 ± 0.025; after operative for 7 d: 1.13 ± 0.10 vs. 1.02 ± 0.07, 0.324 ± 0.029 vs. 0.306 ± 0.023, 0.359 ± 0.024 vs. 0.332 ± 0.025, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The rate of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group: 2.56%(2/78) vs. 11.54%(9/78), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.79; P = 0.029). Conclusions:Both the fluorescence method and the modified inflation-collapse method have certain therapeutic effects, but the combination of fluorescence method in segmentectomy can provide reliable technical support and reduce the impact on cardiopulmonary function.

Objective This study aims to determine whether electroacupuncture regulates the phospholipase C(PLC)/inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate(PLC/IP3)pathway in platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive(PDGFRα+)cells,thereby improving gastrointestinal motility disorders in functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group,U73122(PLC inhibitor)group,and U73122+electroacupuncture group,with 8 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,all rats were subjected to multi-factor stress intervention to establish the FD model.After successful modeling,the U73122 group was given intraperitoneal injection of inhibitor,the electroacupuncture group was acupunctured at Zusanli and Taichong points,and the U73122+electroacupuncture group was injected with inhibitor 2 hours before acupunc-ture.Ten days later,gastrointestinal motility was tested;immunoblotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of PDGFRα,PLC,P-PLC,IP3;immunofluorescence was used to detect the average fluorescence density and co-localization expression of PDGFRα and PLC,IP3;electron microscope was used to observe the gap junction(GJ)situation in the gastric antrum area.Results After modeling,the gastrointestinal motility of rats was weakened,the protein expression levels of PDGFRα,PLC,and IP3 were significantly reduced,GJ widened,and cell morphol-ogy changed;compared with the model group,the gastrointestinal motility of rats in the electroacupuncture group,U73122 group,and U73122+electroacupuncture group was significantly improved,the expression levels of PDGFRα,PLC,P-PLC,IP3 increased,GJ was slightly tight,and cell morphology recovered;there was no significant difference in the expression levels of PDGFRα,PLC,P-PLC,IP3 in the gastric antrum of U73122 group and U73122+electroacupuncture group;PDGFRα,PLC,and IP3 had fluorescence co-localization.Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve gastrointestinal dyskinesia in FD rats by activating the PLC/IP3 pathway in PDGFRα+cells.

Objective: To investigate the vitamin A nutritional status of 6- to 17-year-old urban children and adolescents by analyzing serum retinol level, between 2010 and 2012 in China. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using multi-stage stratified sampling and the population proportional stratified random sampling method, 6 617 children aged 6-17 years from 32 metropolis and 41 middle-sized and small cities of China were selected. The questionnaire survey was used to collect demographic information. Blood samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to determine serum retinol concentration, and the World Health Organization guidelines were used to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A. Vitamin A levels, vitamin A deficiency, and marginal vitamin A deficiency in children with different characteristics were compared. Results: A total of 3 785 cases with valid samples were obtained. The overall mean serum retinol concentration level was (1.49±0.71) μmol/L; the mean serum retinol concentration was (1.55±0.69) μmol/L for metropolis and (1.49±0.75) μmol/L for middle-sized and small cities (P>0.05). The mean serum retinol concentration was (1.52±0.78) μmol/L for boys and (1.47±0.68) μmol/L for girls (P>0.05). The mean serum retinol concentration level was (1.46±0.70) μmol/L for 6- to 11-year-old children and (1.54±0.65) μmol/L for 12- to 17-year-old children (P<0.05). The total vitamin A deficiency rate and marginal vitamin A deficiency rate was 7.69% (291/3 785) and 18.57% (703/3 785), respectively. The vitamin A deficiency rate was 8.00% (36/450) for metropolis and 7.64% (65/3 335) for middle-sized and small cities; 8.12% (155/1 908) for boys and 7.25% (136/1 877) for girls; and 8.04% (171/2 115) for 6- to 11-year-old children and 7.18% (120/1 670) for 12- to 17-year-old children. No significant differences were observed for region, sex, or age (P>0.05). The marginal vitamin A deficiency rate was 19.11% (86/450) for metropolis and 18.50% (617/3 335) for middle-sized and small cities; 18.19% (347/1 908) for boys and 18.97% (356/1 877) for girls, with no significant differences observed (P>0.05). The marginal vitamin A deficiency rate was 16.54% (350/2 115) for 6- to 11-year-old children and 21.13% (353/1 670) for 12- to 17-year-old children (P<0.05). Conclusion The vitamin A nutritional status of 6- to 17-year-old Chinese urban children and adolescents between 2010 and 2012 has improved, and the gap between cities is narrowing. However, vitamin A deficiency overall remains high, especially in younger children, and requires specific attention.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Llianhua Qingwen capsule versus oseltamivir in the treatment of influenza. Methods Data from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, VIP, CNKI and CBM, RCTs about Lianhua Qingwen capsule or Lianhua Qingwen capsule combined with other drugs (trial group) versus oseltamivir (control group) in the influenza were collected. The outcome indicators such as the effective rate of extraction, the time for viral nucleic acid to become negative, the time for fever and the time for symptom resolution, etc., were used for Meta analysis with RevMan 5.3 statistical software. Results Totally 14 studies were included, involving 1459 patients. The Meta analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect, the time of virus turning negative and defervescence, and fever reduction time in the experimental group compared with the control group. In terms of symptom relief, the effect of cough and headache resolution in the experimental group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the time to subside of general muscle soreness and pharyngeal pain in the test group and the control group. In terms of safety, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion Lianhua Qingwen capsule is similar to oseltamivir phosphate in curative effect and adverse reaction rate in the treatment of influenza, and is superior to oseltamivir in relieving cough and headache symptoms.

Objective This study investigated the role of P2Y1-small conductance Ca2+-activated K+channel(SK3)channels in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive(PDGFRα+)cells in gastrointestinal motility in functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods Thirty rats were divided into control,model,and inhibitor groups(n=10 each group).The model and inhibitor groups were used to establish FD rat model,and the inhibitor group received MRS2500 via caudal injection.Behavioral and gastrointes-tinal assessments were conducted at the end of the experiment.Gastrointestinal electrophysiology was recorded,and gastric an-trum samples were analyzed histopathologically.Western blotting and qPCR were used to measure PDGFRα,C-kit(a specificity indicator for interstitial cells of Cajal),P2Y1,and SK3 expression levels.Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess pro-tein colocalization,and calcium assay kits were used to evaluate Ca2+flux.Results Following model establishment,experimental rats presented reduced activity,weight gain,and food intake,accompanied by decreased gastrointestinal motility and decreased expression of PDGFRα,C-kit,P2Y1,and SK3 in the gastric antrum.After MRS2500 treatment,FD rats presented increased weight gain and food consumption,with improved gastrointestinal motility.The expression of PDGFRα,P2Y1,and SK3 contin-ued to decrease,whereas C-kit expression and Ca2+levels increased.Notably,there was no coexpression of PDGFRα with C-kit,but significant coexpression of P2Y1 and SK3 was observed.Conclusion Stressors such as dietary factors and emotional dis-tress may increase inhibitory neurotransmitter release in gastrointestinal tissues,leading to reduced Ca2+sensitivity of the SK3 channel in PDGFRα+cells,affecting gastrointestinal motility in FD.

Objective: To assess the vitamin A nutritional status of the Chinese urban elderly population by analyzing serum retinol level in 2010-2012. Methods: Data were collected from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, serum samples from elderly residents aged ≥60 years old were obtained from 34 metropolis and 41 middle-sized and small cities. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The serum retinol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was determined using the World Health Organization guidelines. A total of 3 200 elderly residents were included in the study. The serum retinol levels and prevalence of VAD and marginal VAD were also compared. Results: The serum retinol concentration (P₅₀(P₂₅-P₇₅)) of Chinese urban elderly residents was 1.83 (1.37-2.39) μmoL/L. Compared with middle-sized and small cities (1.91 (1.47-2.48) μmol/L), the retinol level of senior citizens in metropolis (1.70 (1.25-2.25) μmol/L) was significantly lower (P<0.001). The serum retinol levels of elderly male (1.89 (1.37-2.47) μmoL/L) was significantly higher than that of female (1.80 (1.36-2.28) μmoL/L) (P=0.001). The serum retinol concentration was 1.87 (1.42-2.43), 1.78 (1.32-2.33), and 1.71 (1.24-2.24) μmol/L for 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years olds, respectively. The retinol level in elderly people ≥70 years olds was significantly lower than that of 60-69 years olds (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of VAD among Chinese urban elderly residents was 4.22% (135/3 200); 6.00% (81/1 350) for metropolis residents and 2.92% (54/1 850) for middle-sized and small city residents. The overall marginal VAD rate of Chinese urban elderly residents was 8.19% (262/3 200); 10.51% (142/1 350) for metropolis residents and 6.49% (120/1 850) for medium-sized and small city residents. The prevalence of VAD and marginal VAD for males was 3.87% (61/1 577) and 8.24% (130/1 577), respectively (P<0.05). The prevalence of VAD according to age group was 3.65% (72/1 975), 4.96% (50/1 008), and 5.99% (13/217), respectively(P=0.097). The prevalence of marginal VAD according to age group was 6.99% (138/1 975), 9.82% (99/1 008), and 11.52% (25/217), respectively(P=0.05). Conclusion Chinese urban elderly residents showed various levels of VAD, although marginal VAD was quite common. As VAD was more common in metropolis residents and older residents, specific strategies should target these populations.

Objective: To evaluate the vitamin D nutritional status in Chinese women of child-bearing age by analyzing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in 2010-2012. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using cluster sampling and proportional stratified random sampling, 1 514 women of child-bearing age (18-44 years old) from 34 metropolis and 41 small and medium-sized cities were included in this study. Demographic information was collected by questionnaire and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay, in accordance with the 2010 Institute of Medicine of the National Academies standards. We compared differences in vitamin D levels, specifically serious deficiency, lack of deficiency, insufficiency, and excess. Results: The overall serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of Chinese urban women of child-bearing age (P₅₀ (P₂₅-P₇₅)) was 20.1 (15.1-26.3) ng/ml; minorities had a significantly higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 22.0 (15.9-27.5) ng/ml compared with women of Han nationality (19.8 (14.9-26.2) ng/ml) (χ²=7.02, P=0.008). The proportions of women with serious deficiency, lack of deficiency, insufficiency, and excess vitamin D were 11.6% (n=175), 37.9% (n=574), 35.1% (n=531), and 0.3% (n=5), respectively. Only 15.1% (n=229) of women of child-bearing age had normal vitamin D nutritional status. No significant differences in vitamin D nutritional status were observed according to age, body mass index, city, nationality, educational level, marital status, or household income per capita (P>0.05). Conclusion Most Chinese urban women of child-bearing age have poor vitamin D levels and require vitamin D supplementation.