Some new antidepressants including mirtazapine and citalopram appear to have promising efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of depression. For most major depression, all antidepressant drugs have equal efficacy. The choice of antidepressant drug needs to be tailored to a particular patient's medical condition and personal preferences. It is likely that adverse effects are the major determinant in the choice of antidepressant for a particular patient. However, in treating conditions other than depression, the efficacy of the ntidepressant drug can be the primary issue of drug choice. In conclusion, we would like discuss the current status and future direction in the treatment of depression.
Antidepressive Agents ; Citalopram ; Depression* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans

We aimed to compare the recommendations of the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder 2012 (KMAP-DD 2012) with other recently published treatment guidelines for depressive disorder. We reviewed a total of five recently published global treatment guidelines and compared each treatment recommendation of the KMAP-DD 2012 with those in other guidelines. For initial treatment recommendations, there were no significant major differences across guidelines. However, in the case of nonresponse or incomplete response to initial treatment, the second recommended treatment step varied across guidelines. For maintenance therapy, medication dose and duration differed among treatment guidelines. Further, there were several discrepancies in the recommendations for each subtype of depressive disorder across guidelines. For treatment in special populations, there were no significant differences in overall recommendations. This comparison identifies that, by and large, the treatment recommendations of the KMAP-DD 2012 are similar to those of other treatment guidelines and reflect current changes in prescription pattern for depression based on accumulated research data. Further studies will be needed to address several issues identified in our review.
Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Drug Therapy ; Prescriptions

Hallucinogens/therapeutic use* ; Depression/drug therapy*

Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology* ; Depression/drug therapy*

Propofol/therapeutic use* ; Depression/drug therapy*

Auditory Cortex ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Thalamus

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence on medication adherence to oral anticancer drugs. METHODS: 147 cancer patients receiving oral anticancer drugs were surveyed. The survey content included medication adherence, social support, depression, self-efficacy and symptom experience. RESULTS: The mean medication adherence was 6.77 based on 8 points (84.6 based on 100 points). The influencing factors on medication adherence were symptom experience (beta=-.19), decision of oral chemotherapy (beta=.25) and social support (beta=.21), and 17.0% of the variance in medication adherence was explained by these three factors in stepwise multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The level of medication adherence to oral anticancer drugs was relatively high, and increased by decreasing symptom experience, and increasing social support. Considering the medication adherence is related with positive treatment outcome, nursing effort to improve medication adherence by decreasing symptom experience, and increasing social support is needed.
Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Medication Adherence* ; Mouth ; Nursing ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate relationships among distress, depression, anxiety, and spiritual needs of hospitalized patients with stomach cancer. METHODS: The participants were 120 in-patients with stomach cancer for surgery or chemotherapy at C University in Seoul from December 2010 to February 2011. To measure emotional and spiritual states was used Distress management version 1 (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN), the Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Spiritual Needs Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0, specifically descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Distress showed positive correlations with anxiety (r=.49, p<.001), and depression (r=.44, p<.001). Anxiety showed positive correlations with depression (r=.59, p<.001). While, depression showed negative correlations with spiritual needs (r=-.25, p<.001). CONCLUSION: This study's findings show that hospitalized patients with stomach cancer experienced distress, anxiety, depression and high spiritual needs. Distress, anxiety, and depression of patients with stomach cancer were positively correlated with each other. While the level of depression was negatively correlated with the level of spiritual needs, indicating the higher the level of depression, the lower the spiritual needs. Therefore, nursing interventions for emotional and spiritual support need to be developed for stomach cancer patients.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Spirituality ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at identifying the effects of telephone counseling as nursing support on distress, anxiety, depression, and adverse events in cancer patients undergoing their first chemotherapy. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial (pretest-posttest design). A total of 70 patients who showed 4 or higher distress scores were selected from the screening process. Four patients dropped out; therefore, 66 patients participated in this research. Thirty-two and 34 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control group, respectively. After a preliminary survey, telephone counseling support was given to the experimental group at three time points. The post survey was done before the second cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Regarding distress, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the scores: 3.4 for the experimental group and 1.8 for the control group (p=.002). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease relative to the control group. Anxiety and depression showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that nursing support through phone counseling is effective in decreasing distress in patients undergoing chemotherapy for the first time.
Anxiety* ; Counseling* ; Depression* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Nursing ; Telephone*

Due to the high population prevalence of major depression and the strong emphasis on pharmacotherapy for this disorder, antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents. But the clinicians are still unable to predict accurately the response of their depressed patients to medication. This article reviews the biological predictors of treatment response including monoamine, neuroendocrine, pharmacogenetic, and psychophysiologic markers. The biological predictors of response, despite some interesting leads that may in the long term be of considerable importance, are not yet sufficiently established to be of routine clinical usefulness. Many of the predictive factors explored in this article are examples of mediators and moderators that affect outcomes. Each one alone may not provide definitive answers for predicting response to treatment, but each must be taken into account at the outset of treatment. It is clear that treatments must be individualized for each patient. It would be necessary to develop the algorithm in order to predict the responsiveness of antidepressant treatment with integration of the results from the previous studies.
Antidepressive Agents ; Depression* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics ; Prevalence