The symptom group of dementia is now called as behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia (BPSD). Depression is a highly prevalent concomitant of dementia. At the same time, differential diagnosis between dementia and geriatric depression is clinically important. Depressive symptoms are elevated preclinically in AD, and this elevation is not merely a byproduct of self-perceived cognitive difficulties. Thus, depressive symptoms appeared to be early manifestations, rather than predictors in case of AD. The depressive symptoms can be separated into two categories, reflecting either mood or motivation related disturbance. Mood related symptoms dominate in mild to moderate stages, and motivation related symptoms dominate in severe stages. We can find out the clinical characteristics of depressive symptoms in dementia. And, depression in dementia responds to specific psychopharmacologic or psychosocial treatments. So, we should consider use of multiple therapeutic measures in a systematic way.
Dementia ; Depression* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Motivation

Clinical epidemiology and promoters of depressive-anxiety disorder was investigated on 200 patients at the HuÕ Central Hospital between December 2000 and May 2001. Results: Overall, the incidence of depressive-anxiety disorder is 15.5%, more common in older patients. Most is mild and moderate depression. The frequency of symptoms, as sadness, emptiness, fatigue, difficulty in attention, decrease in sexual activities, dizziness and etc is varied. The relationship between symptoms of depressive-anxiety disorder and number of physical problems in the same patient is insignificant; however, this disorder is more common in patients with cardio-vascular and gastrointestinal conditions. Unfavorable psychosocial and family factors can promote the development of depressive-anxiety disorder.
depression ; Patients ; Internal Medicine ; diagnosis

The prospective study concerning some factors related between depression and anxiety with AIDS severity was performed on 36 AIDS patients with the manifestation of depression and anxiety associated to other mental disturbances in a total of 76 AIDS patients. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of AIDS, the clinical disorders of depression and anxiety, and paraclinical date were investigated. Results showed the depression on 8.56% of cases, depression disorders were not difference between various age group. There was a positive proportional relation between AIDS severity and depression and anxiety.
Diagnosis ; Depression ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability among women. Postpartal depression (PPD) can produce substantial clinical, economic, and psychosocial impairment, not only for the women experiencing it but also for the women's children and family. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding the accurate detection and appropriate treatment of depression is mandatory in women of childbearing age. This review focused on the current knowledge of PPD.
Child ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum* ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Postpartum Period*

Depression ; classification ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric complications of Alzheimer disease (AD), affecting from 30% to 50% of prevalence, with most estimates in the 20-30% range. Because of having a presentation in the context of AD that differs from typical early-onset depression, it is not easy one to detect and quantify reliably, and can be difficulty to differentiate depression from the other neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD. Due to the lack of large randomized trials, optimal treatment and the true degree of efficacy remains undetermined. However, these treatments can reduce adverse impact of depression on patients and caregivers. This article provides a practical discussion of the diagnosis, evaluation, differential diagnosis and treatment of depression in AD for the clinician.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Caregivers ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Prevalence

Assessment of psychosocial and psychiatric needs is an increasingly important component of cancer care. Clinical experience with patients indicate that distress, anxiety and depression are prevalent from early stages of the illness. Strategies to enhance psychosocial care are presented and these include early identification through screening, training for healthcare staff working with cancer patients and support not only for patients but their caregivers as well.
Anxiety ; diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders ; Caregivers ; Depression ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; psychology

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of A ClinicianAdministered PTSD Scale(CAPS). METHODS: CAPS was administered to 28 PTSD subjects, 30 non-PTSD subjects, and 36 normal subjects. Interrater reliability for the CAPS was established by interviewing 10 PTSD subjects. The interviews were conducted by 2 interviewers simultaneously. The authors adminstered to all the subjects Impact of Event Scale(IES), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory I, II (STAI-I, II) for measuring concurrent validity. RESULTS: The value of Cronbach's alpha and interrater agreement were .95 and .89, respectively. The CAPS was highly correlated with IES(r=.80), BDI(r=.70), STAI-II(r=.56). But the CAPS was not correlated with STAI-I(r=.20). The CAPS showed an overall agreement with clinical diagnosis of 82.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The CAPS shows a reasonable degree of reliability and validity. The CAPS could be a valuable tool to diagnose PTSD.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*

There have been several reports that nasal bone fractures are inadequately managed. They are probably due to poor understanding of the pathophysiology of nasal bone fracture and absence of the accurate diagnostic method. And there has been little adequate comprehensive classification of nasal bone fracture and nasal septal fracture. We examed 132 patients sustaining nasal bone fracture using computerized tomography. Fracture line, deviation, depression, associated skeletal deformities and the nasal septum were clearly identified. We compared our results with Murray & Maran's classification of nasal bone fracture. We found that they revealed almost same results and computerized tomography was good method for diagnosis of nasal septal fracture. The computerized tomography will be helpful for accurate diagnosis and preperative planning of the correction of nasal bone and septal fracture.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nasal Bone* ; Nasal Septum

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are common in the medically ill patients although depressive disorders are considerably underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of depressive tendency in medical inpatients. METHODS: The patient group-144 subj.cts(90 males, 54 females) were selected from medical inpatients of Kae Jung hospital. 158 subjects(106 male, 52 females) with no prior history of diseases were selected for the control group. The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD) was used for both groups from June to December 1997. RESULTS: The patient group had a significant higher BDI and HRSD score than controls(p<0.01). In the patients, 31.3% had scores on the BDI greater than the cutting score of 21, and 26.4% had scores on the HRSD greater than the cutting score of 22. In the patients, demographic and medical variables were evaluated with respect to depression. those in their 60's, with education level of elementary school and below. the divorced, bereaved and separated, and having duration of illness more than one year were statistically more depressed, but depression was not associated with sex, religion and medical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that depressive tendency may be a common phenomena in medically ill patients. Therefore, we should suspect depression in the management of these patients.
Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Divorce ; Education ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Male