OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with anxiety and depression and its clinical significance. METHODS: From December 2010 to February 2011, 143 CHD patients and 44 non-CHD patients (the control group) hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology at the Second Xiangya Hospital were enrolled. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the psychological state of all patients and the CHD patients were assigned to an anxiety and depression group (n=57) or a non-depression and anxiety group (n=86). The serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), MPO, and LXA4 were examined, and the ratio of MPO and LXA4 (M/L) was calculated. RESULTS: The levels of Hs-CRP, MPO, and LXA4 as well as M/L ratios in both CHD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01). Compared with the non-anxiety and depression group, the levels of MPO and LXA4, and M/L ratios in the anxiety and depression group increased (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that MPO was positively correlated with the score of HADS-total (HADS-t), HADS-anxiety (HADS-a), or HADS-depression (HADS-d), while LXA4 was negatively correlated with HADS-t or HADS-d. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HADS-t score, stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction were the independent impact factors for the elevation of M/L ratio. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression may aggravate the inflammatory response in CHD patients. The imbalance between inflammation and anti-inflammation may be part of the mechanism.
Aged ; Anxiety ; complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; complications ; Depression ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipoxins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxidase ; blood

The aim of this study was to assess eventual differences in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio between veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only or comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), veterans with combat experiences with MDD, and healthy control group. PTSD and/ or MDD were diagnose according to structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV criteria. Additional criteria to diagnose PTSD were Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and to diagnose MDD Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRAS). Serum lipid concentrations were determined by using the enzyme-assay method. Veterans with combat-related PTSD as well as veterans with combat-related PTSD comorbid with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of cholesterol (F=9.858, p<0.01), triglycerides (F=10.112, p<0.01), LDL-C (F=11.145, p<0.01), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (F=8.346, p<0.01) vs. veterans with MDD or healthy control group. Contrary healthy control group and veterans with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL-C (F=8.421, p<0.01), vs. veterans with PTSD or PTSD comorbid with MDD. In conclusion, there are no differences in serum lipid concentrations between veterans with combat-related PTSD and PTSD comorbid with MDD, but they have higher lipid concentrations than veterans with MDD or healthy control subjects.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol/blood ; Combat Disorders ; Croatia ; Depression/*blood/*complications ; Human ; Lipids/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*blood/*complications ; Veterans

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of foot reflexion massage on sleep disturbance, depression disorder, and the physiological index of the elderly in nursing homes. METHOD: The research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The subjects in this study were 50 elderly people who resided in two different nursing homes in the same region. An experimental group and a control group were organized with 25 subjects respectively, and foot reflexion massage was provided for 12 sessions, 30 minutes per session. The selected dependent variables were sleep disturbance, depression disorder, and physiological indices(blood plasma serotonin, serum cortisol), which were all measured before and after foot reflexion massage was offered. Data analysis included chi2-test, t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA, using the SPSS program package. RESULT: 1. The experimental group improved sleep quality more than the control group. 2. The experimental group had less depression disorder than the control group. 3. The experimental group had higher serotonin levels than the control group. CONCLUSION: It's necessary to give foot reflexion massage as a successful nursing intervention to elderly who undergo a change in sleep, and suffer from a depression disorder due to a deterioration in sleep.
Sleep Disorders/blood/complications/*therapy ; Serotonin/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Massage ; Male ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Humans ; *Foot ; Female ; Depression/blood/complications/*therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of foot reflexion massage on sleep disturbance, depression disorder, and the physiological index of the elderly in nursing homes. METHOD: The research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The subjects in this study were 50 elderly people who resided in two different nursing homes in the same region. An experimental group and a control group were organized with 25 subjects respectively, and foot reflexion massage was provided for 12 sessions, 30 minutes per session. The selected dependent variables were sleep disturbance, depression disorder, and physiological indices(blood plasma serotonin, serum cortisol), which were all measured before and after foot reflexion massage was offered. Data analysis included chi2-test, t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA, using the SPSS program package. RESULT: 1. The experimental group improved sleep quality more than the control group. 2. The experimental group had less depression disorder than the control group. 3. The experimental group had higher serotonin levels than the control group. CONCLUSION: It's necessary to give foot reflexion massage as a successful nursing intervention to elderly who undergo a change in sleep, and suffer from a depression disorder due to a deterioration in sleep.
Sleep Disorders/blood/complications/*therapy ; Serotonin/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Massage ; Male ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Humans ; *Foot ; Female ; Depression/blood/complications/*therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of head point-through-point electroacupuncture (EA) on poststroke depression (PSD) and to study the mechanism.

METHODSOne hundred and eight cases of PSD were randomly divided into a point-through-point EA group (n = 38), a non point-through-point group (n = 36) and a western medicine group (n = 34). After treatment of 28 days, their therapeutic effects, scores of HAMD depression scale and SDS self-rating scale, and plasma 5-HT contents were compared before and after treatment among the 3 groups.

RESULTSThe effective rate of 86.84% in the point-through-point EA group was better than 63.89% in the non point-through-point group and 67.65% in the western medicine group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Plasma 5-HT content in the point-through-point EA group increased significantly, with a very significant difference as compared with that of the non point-through-point group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHead point-through-point therapy can obviously increase plasma 5-HT content of the patient with PSD, so as to cure poststroke depression, with a better therapeutic effect than other two groups.

Adult ; Aged ; Depression ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Serotonin ; blood ; Stroke ; complications

Depression is an important post-stroke sequela with negative impact on mortality, functional outcome and quality of life. Changes in cytokines have been hypothesized to be associated with the etiology of post-stroke depression (PSD). The altere dhypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) functioning is associated with the onset of depression. The activity of HPA could induce the fluctuations of cortisol levels. In this study, we prospectively checked interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cortisol levels in patients with early ischemic stroke. It was hypothesized that early serum IL-6 and cortisol fluctuations in stroke patients were the predictions of PSD. Totally, 100 participants were selected from stroke inpatients consecutively admitted to the Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital from July 2014 to December 2015. Fifty health people served as the controls. The serum of all the patients was collected at 8:00 am and 4:00 pm respectively one week after stroke. The serum of controls was collected only at 8:00 am. The levels of IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and those of cortisol were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. On the 3rd week after stroke, the patients were enrolled to the PSD group and non-PSD group based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21, score>7). The IL-6 level (13.24±2.89 ng/L) was elevated significantly in PSD groups as compared with that in non-PSD group and control group respectively (P<0.05 for both), but there was no significant difference in the IL-6 level between non-PSD group and control group. The patients in both PSD group and non-PSD group had significantly elevated morning cortisol levels in comparison with those in the control group (P<0.05; for PSD, non-PSD and control: 508.86±119.51, 420.83±70.04 and 340.40±76.30 nmol/L respectively). Moreover, afternoon cortisol levels in PSD group were significantly higher than those in non-PSD group, and the morning baseline cortisol levels in these two groups were similar (P>0.05). It was suggested that PSD generally runs a chronic course and is related to a variety of adverse health outcomes including increased disability, morbidity and mortality. This study will help the screening of potential PSD in the early stage.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Depression ; blood ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; blood ; complications ; physiopathology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients. METHOD: Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. RESULT: The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was 44.1%. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.
*Self Care ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications/*psychology ; Depression/*complications/diagnosis ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*complications ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of antidepressant and psychological intervention on the blood pressure and quality of life in hypertensive patients with depression. METHODS: After evaluating 950 patients with essential hypertension by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), patients with HAD positive results were evaluated with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The positive subjects with HAMD were randomly divided into an antidepressant and psychological intervention group (n=30, including routine treatment, mental state intervention, and antidepressant treatment) and a control group (n=30, routine treatment alone). The blood pressure, quality of life, and level of depression were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The depression symptoms were significantly improved in the antidepressant and psychological intervention group. The HAMD score fell from 30.03+/-1.83 at entrance to 17.43+/-1.96 at the end of study. The blood pressure control was more effective in the antidepressant and psychological intervention group than in the control group. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by 26.17 mmHg and 13.63 mmHg in the antidepressant and psychological intervention group, while there were only 14.32 mmHg and 7.18 mmHg decrease in SBP and DBP respectively in the control group. Patients in the antidepressant and psychological intervention group had a higher score in the quality of life. The total score of GQOLI-74 increased from 65.97+/-4.68 before the treatment to 71.20+/-5.13 after the treatment. CONCLUSION Psychological intervention and antidepressant can improve the blood pressure control and quality of life in hypertensive patients with depression.
Adult ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Depression ; complications ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychotherapy ; Quality of Life

China ; epidemiology ; Depression ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Phytotherapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; beta-Endorphin ; blood

Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Depression ; complications ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Powders ; Treatment Outcome