Purpose: This study was conducted to bring together studies on the common nursing interventions for postpartum depression (PPD) and their outcomes. It aims to provide interpretation of relevant findings to help further enhance the nursing care of patients with postpartum depression. Design and Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was utilized to synthesize studies related to the management of postpartum depression and its outcomes. One hundred five studies (105) were initially retrieved from three online databases. Eventually, fifteen studies were included in this review after the screening process on quality and risk of bias assessments. Codes were identified from the included studies and were clustered into themes. A thematic map was formulated to visualize the interconnections of the nursing interventions for postpartum depression and its outcomes. Findings: Nurses caring for patients with postpartum depression usually practice PPD education, perinatal assessment, PPD counseling, nurse-delivered psychotherapy, providing social support, drug administration, complementary and alternative therapy combined with conventional management, and patient referral. These nursing practices for postpartum depression yielded the following outcomes: (1) symptom alleviation, (2) empowerment, (3) positive feedback, and (4) negative outcomes. Conclusions and Recommendations There is a range of nursing interventions for postpartum depression. This review highlights the significant roles of PPD education and nursing assessment and emphasizes these interventions to be practiced not only after childbirth but also during the prenatal period to identify at-risk patients and provide early intervention. This review also emphasizes the need for more coordinated care and a multidisciplinary approach, including patient referral, to achieve better outcomes in the care of postpartum depression patients. This relates to the acknowledgment of the various factors contributing to the development of postpartum depression and its lack of clear etiology.
Depression, Postpartum

Objectives: In an attempt to offer further insights in the development of counselling skills to population at risk, this counselling program was tested among mothers with postpartum depression (PPD) to determine the effects of Mind-Body Intervention Program (MBIP). Methodology: Utilizing an Embedded Design: Embedded Experimental Model (1), it included 385 postpartum mothers from the Out-Patient Department of De La Salle University Medical Center, City of Dasmarinas, Cavite. These mothers were screened for PPD symptoms through Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and underwent psychiatric assessment, utilizing Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) to clinically diagnose PPD. Results: Out of 385 participants, 42 qualified and underwent permuted block randomization. After the individualized, eight sessions of MBIP, the following were revealed: In the experimental group, the 17 mothers with depression in the pre-test decreased to 2 (11.8%) in the post-test and 1 (5.9%) in the delayed post-test. As to the control group, the 19 mothers with depression in the pre-test decreased to 7 (36.8%) in the post-test and 7 (36.8%) in the delayed post-test. The dropout rates were 19% ( 4/21) and 9 .5% (2/21) for the experimental and control groups, respectively. The t-test result for comparing average post-test score of the experimental group (3.12) and the control group (6.00) had a p-value of 0.074, which means that there was no significant difference between the two groups. This shows that the participants responded positively to both interventions. On the other hand, after two months, the mean delayed post-test score of 1.53 (normal or no depression) with p<0.012 of the experimental group, and mean delayed post-test score of 7 .21 (almost normal or near-mild depression) with p<0.0 12 of the control group was statistically significant (p-value=0.024). This means, those in the experimental group maintained their feelings of well-being more than those from the control group. The t-test results for intention to treat data were the same with the results of t-tests when dropouts were excluded. This finding reveals that the data collected was sufficient to give a valid result. Conclusion Therefore, the findings appear that mind-body intervention program can alleviate mild to moderate post-partum depression for those mothers without psycho-pathologic ailment such as anxiety neuroses, phobias or personality disorders; hence, it can be an option in the absence of pharmacotherapy for this condition.
Depression, Postpartum

No abstract available.
Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Postpartum Period*

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major health concern for child-bearing women and has its effects on her children. Advocacies for mental health have paved way for more awareness of conditions such as PPD. Currently, there is no particular screening protocol employed by attending physicians of these women. There is also a lack of data that determines the practices of obstetricians when dealing with patients with PPD or those at risk of developing it. Objective: This descriptive study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of OB-GYN consultants and residents on the screening of PPD. Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was utilized with some modifications made to tailor fit the targeted population. All affiliated consultants and residents of the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society-accredited training hospitals in a Region VII were included while those retired were excluded. The Google Form link of the questionnaire was disseminated to the different institutions who gave approval to conduct the study. Anonymity and confidentiality of data acquired were maintained throughout the study. Results: A total of 110 responses were received. The key findings of the study showed that the respondents have above average knowledge on PPD including its risk factors, symptoms, complications, and treatments. They generally have positive beliefs toward their role in the screening and management of PPD. Moreover, majority of them have already tried screening for PPD although not routinely. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the consultants and residents on the screening of PPD. Systems should be put in place to ensure effective treatment and follow-up of patients and thus impact good clinical outcomes.
Depression ; Postpartum Period ; Depression, Postpartum ; Mass Screening

No abstract available.
Depression* ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVE: This paper sought to describe the prevalence rate of postpartum depression in patients seen for follow-up at the UERMMMCI Obstetrics and Gynecology Services from June 01, 2012 to May 31, 2013.

METHODOLOGY: Participants of the study included mothers who sought consult at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of the UERMMMCI  Outpatient Department after giving birth. These participants were recruited via convenience sampling. A survey method was used to determine variables under study, which included age, relational status and length of relationship, occupation, income, presence of feto-maternal complications, and manner of delivery, while the Filipino version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen depression risk. Ethics approval was secured prior to study initiation. Analysis of data was done using SPSS v.16.0.

RESULTS: A total of fifty-one mothers participated in the study. Of the total sample, the majority were of adult age and were unemployed. It was observed that 20% of the sample had an EPDS of 10 and above, with 6% having an EPDS score of 14 and above. Mothers who presented with higher EPDS scores were noted to have had a caesarean section delivery and feto-maternal complications after delivery.

CONCLUSION: The study showed that the prevalence of post partum depression was clinically significant to warrant routine screening among mothers.

Human ; Female ; Depression, Postpartum

INTRODUCTION: A statistical extrapolation reported 126,826 cases of post partum depression in the
Philippines in 2004, prompting the proposal of the Postpartum Depression Research Act of 2007. This
quasi-experimental research tested the Mental Health Promotion Program for Postpartum Women.
The study elaborated the link between identified high-risk mothers for postnatal mood disturbances
and effect of the intervention two weeks postpartum.

METHODS: This was conducted using Postnatal Depression Predictor Inventory Scale-Revised,
administration of a two-week Mental Health Promotion Program for Postpartum Women consisting
of self-mastery, social support and sleep; and evaluation of postnatal depression scores of mothers
through Edinburg's Postnatal Depression Scale two weeks after g iving birth.

RESULTS Mothers who are at risk of developing postpartum mood disorders were predominant. It also
discovered that majority of high-risk mothers reported depressive symptoms. There was no significant
difference in the postpartum mood between the study and control groups after the Mental Health
Promotion Program for Postpartum Women. The intervention was able to address three factors:
blaming oneself, fear and panic without reason, and difficulty s leeping due to sadness.

CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in the postpartum mood between the control and study
group after the intervention, however, the Mental Health Promotion Program for Postpartum Women
was able to successfully target three factors: blaming oneself, fear and panic without reason, and
difficulty sleeping due to sadness.

Human ; Mental Health ; Postpartum Period ; Depression, Postpartum ; Depression

Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability among women. Postpartal depression (PPD) can produce substantial clinical, economic, and psychosocial impairment, not only for the women experiencing it but also for the women's children and family. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding the accurate detection and appropriate treatment of depression is mandatory in women of childbearing age. This review focused on the current knowledge of PPD.
Child ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum* ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Postpartum Period*

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital.
METHODS: A total of 115 postpartum patients were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) which was developed in 1987 for screening postpartum women was used in this study. It was translated in Filipino language and has been validated. A score of at least 10 points indicates possible postpartum depression. A score of at least 1 point in question it 10 indicates suicidal ideation.
RESULTS: Out of 115 patients, 89 had an EPDS score below 10 points corresponding to 77.39% of the total population studied, while 26 participants had a score of at least 10 points corresponding to 22.61%. There were 9 respondents who scored at least 1 point in ques­tion #10 pertaining to 7.83% of the population.
CONCLUSION: Postpartum depression is a universal dilemma. In this study, the prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital in Dasmariñas, Cavite from April to May 2013 is 22.61%. Since postpartum depression is a common condition with serious consequences, screening must be done with a multidisciplinary approach from both the obstetricians and psychiatrists.

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Depression ; Postpartum Period ; Depression, Postpartum ; Patients ; Women ; Mothers ; Suicidal Ideation ; Prevalence ; Postpartum Period

Depression, Postpartum ; Education, Nursing ; Nurses ; education