No abstract available.
Deoxycholic Acid* ; Phosphatidylcholines* ; Prurigo*

Bile of animal(mainly chicken, pig, snake, cow, and bear) has long been used as medicine. As the major active components of bile, bile acids mainly include cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. They interact with intestinal microorganisms in enterohepatic circulation, thereby playing an important part in nutrient absorption and allocation, metabolism regulation, and dynamic balance. Bile acids have pharmacological effects such as protecting liver, kidney, heart, brain, and nerves, promoting bile secretion, dissolving gallstones, anti-cancer, relieving cough and dyspnea, dispelling phlegm, treating eye diseases, and regulating intestinal function and blood glucose, which are widely used in clinical practice. This study summarized and analyzed the research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of bile acids from medicinal animals, in a bid to provide scientific basis and reference for the further development and utilization of bile acids.
Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Cattle ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid ; Cholic Acids ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Female ; Swine ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to shorten the decellularization time of trachea by using combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic techniques. METHODS: Approximately 3.5-cm-long tracheal segments from 42 New Zealand rabbits (3.5±0.5 kg) were separated into seven groups according to decellularization protocols. After decellularization, cellular regions, matrix and strength and endurance of the scaffold were followed up. RESULTS: DNA content in all groups was measured under 50 ng/mg and there was no significant difference for the glycosaminoglycan content between group 3 (lyophilization+deoxycholic acid+de-oxyribonuclease method) and control group (P=0.46). None of the decellularized groups was different than the normal trachea in tensile stress values (P>0.05). Glucose consumption and lactic acid levels measured from supernatants of all decellularized groups were close to group with cells only (76 mg/dL and 53 mg/L). CONCLUSION: Using combination methods may reduce exposure to chemicals, prevent the excessive influence of the matrix, and shorten the decellularization time.
Deoxycholic Acid ; DNA ; Freeze Drying ; Glucose ; Lactic Acid ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; Trachea

Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Calcium ; blood ; Deoxycholic Acid ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Quinazolinones

OBJECTIVETo prepare puerarin deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelle to increase the solubility of puerarin.

METHODSodium deoxycholate and soybean phospholipids were used to prepare puerarin mixed micelle through orthogonal design experiments. With the solubility, shape and particle size as the response indexes, the preparing process of puerarin mixed micelle was optimized.

RESULTThe optimized process for the puerarin deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelle was that the puerarin, soya phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate with the mole ratio of 3:2:4 should be dissolved in methanol-chloroform (1:1), and the solvents should be evaporated rotatively at 30 degrees C. The particle diameter of the mixed micelle was (64.8 +/- 13) nm (volume-weighted particle size distribution), and the solubility was 0.811 1 g x L(-1) in water at the room temperature, which was 22.3 times as that of the raw puerarin (0.036 4 g x L-1).

CONCLUSIONThe puerarin deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelle can improve the solubility of puerarin significantly.

Deoxycholic Acid ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Micelles ; Particle Size ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solubility

BACKGROUND: The dimorphic yeast, Candida albicans, is considered as a dangerous opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Several phospholipases of C. albicans are known to be secreted into the culture medium. Phospholipases have been proposed as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate enzyme production, we examined culture condition of secreted phospholipase production from C. albicans. METHODS: C. albicans ATCC 10231 was cultivated in various media at 37 degrees C for 3 days. Phospholipase activity was measured by fatty acid soap precipitation in plate containing 0.04% lecithin, 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.2 and 1.5% noble agar. RESULTS: Phospholipase was highly induced when C. albicans was cultivated in broth medium (containing glucose 2%, albumin 0.2% and Fe++ ion 0.01%) and Saboulaud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.01% sodium deoxycholate. CONCLUSION: Highly induction of secreted phospholipase by albumin from C albicans may be play an important role in tissue invasion in the pathogenesis of C. albicans.
Agar ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Citric Acid ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunocompromised Host ; Lecithins ; Phospholipases* ; Soaps ; Virulence ; Yeasts

PURPOSE: Bile acids (especially deoxycholate) was known to be toxic and mutagenic on colon epithelium. They proposed at least four mechanisms for the bile acid toxicity. It is the one of these mechanisms that bile acid inhibits the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activity (esp glutathione S-transferase, GST). So we measured the cytosolic GST level of colon carcinoma cell lines after deoxycholate exposure whether or not the deoxycholate lowered the cytosolic GST activity. METHODS: Three colon cancer cell lines (LoVo, SW480, HT29) were used for this study. We calculated the cellular toxicity by MTS method. And cytosolic GST activity was measured according to the method as Habig described. For total GST activity, 2.5 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was used for substrate, and measured as absorbance in 340 nm. RESULTS: Basal cytosolic GST level for LoVo, SW480, HT29 cell line was 514.59+/-27.01, 291.63+/-38.44 and 344.58+/-47.92 nmol/min/mg cytosol protein. GST level did not changed significantly after 5 days culture without DCA. But GST level was decreased significantly to 128.63+/-21.35, 134.33+/-41.76 and 163.10+/-22.73 nmol/min/mg cytosol protein each cell line after 5 days deoxycholate exposure (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Cytosolic GST level was lowered significantly after deoxycholate exposure for 5 days. One of the mechanisms of bile acid toxicity for colon cancer cell is proposed to inhibit cytosolic GST activity.
Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Cell Line* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Cytosol* ; Deoxycholic Acid* ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Epithelium ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; HT29 Cells ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the effects and side effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infusion over 6 versus 24 hours in febrile children with cancer. METHODS: Twenty-four children with cancer who were mostly neutropenic, febrile and suspected to have fungal infection and treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate from March 2001 to July 2002 at the Yeungnam University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics were enrolled for a cross-over study. All patients received 0.5 mg/kg amphotericin B deoxycholate infusion for average 7 days by two different infusion rates, one group by continuous infusion over 24 hours and the other by rapid infusion over 6 hours with at least 4 weeks of washout period. The side effects related to the infusion rates, fever, chilling or rigor, vomiting, headache, serum and urine electrolytes, beta2-microglobulin and creatinine clearance were monitored. The effect of amphotericin B deoxycholate infusion were studied by the days required for defervescence. RESULTS: There were no significant differences (P=0.11) in the effects between continuous and rapid infusion. But less side effects of chilling or rigor (P=0.01) were observed when amphotericin B deoxycholate was infused continuously. The serum phosphate (P=0.05) and magnesium (P=0.04) were lower and creatinine clearance was more reduced (P=0.01) when it was infused rapidly. CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion over 24 hours of amphotericin B deoxycholate could reduce the nephrotoxicity, such as hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, low creatinine clearance and chilling reactions related to the rapid infusion without compromising the effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate in children with cancer.
Amphotericin B* ; Child* ; Creatinine ; Cross-Over Studies ; Deoxycholic Acid* ; Electrolytes ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; Magnesium ; Pediatrics ; Vomiting

Trichosporon pullulans has recently been recognized as a human pathogen. Given its rarity, however, few reports describe infection attributable to this fungal pathogen. In immunocompromised hosts, T. pullulans infection is associated with significant mortality. For the first time in Korea, we report a case of T. pullulans infection in a non.neutropenic patient. A 70.year.old woman was diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer. She did not undergo chemotherapy and received only supportive care and intravenous nutrition via the subclavian vein. Sixteen days after admission, a fever developed. Three sets of blood culture and a catheter tip culture were carried out and T. pullulans grew in all cultures. Although she was treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate and catheter removal, she died on hospital day 40 due to persistent fungemia.
Amphotericin B ; Catheters ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Fever ; Fungemia ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Korea ; Subclavian Vein ; Trichosporon

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bile acid is an important luminal factor that affects gastrointestinal motility and secretion. We investigated the effect of bile acid on secretion in the proximal and distal rat colon and coordination of bowel movements in the guinea pig colon. METHODS: The short-circuit current from the mucosal strip of the proximal and distal rat colon was compared under control conditions after induction of secretion with deoxycholic acid (DCA) as well as after inhibition of secretion with indomethacin, 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid (an intracellular calcium chelator; BAPTA), and tetrodotoxin (TTX) using an Ussing chamber. Colonic pressure patterns were also evaluated in the extracted guinea pig colon during resting, DCA stimulation, and inhibition by TTX using a newly developed pressure-sensing artificial stool. RESULTS: The secretory response in the distal colon was proportionate to the concentration of DCA. Also, indomethacin, BAPTA, and TTX inhibited chloride secretion in response to DCA significantly (P < 0.05). However, these changes were not detected in the proximal colon. When we evaluated motility, we found that DCA induced an increase in luminal pressure at the proximal, middle, and distal sensors of an artificial stool simultaneously during the non-peristaltic period (P < 0.05). In contrast, during peristalsis, DCA induced an increase in luminal pressure at the proximal sensor and a decrease in pressure at the middle and distal sensors of the artificial stool (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DCA induced a clear segmental difference in electrogenic secretion. Also, DCA induced a more powerful peristaltic contraction only during the peristaltic period.
Animals ; Bile ; Calcium ; Colon ; Deoxycholic Acid* ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Indomethacin ; Intestine, Large* ; Peristalsis ; Phenobarbital ; Rats* ; Tetrodotoxin