Intra-Arterial Digital Subtraction Angiography(IADSA) was performed in 128 patients during 13-month period. Weexperienced the same advantages of IADSA over conventional film-screen angiography:(1) significant reduction incontrast material dose: 1/3 of the dose of conventional angiography, (2) reduced film cost: 18% of the cost ofconventional technique, (3) decreased need for selective catherization,(4) shortened examination time, and (5)more ready detection of cnntrast material.
Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Humans

BACKGROUND: We can usually see the yawning at induction of anesthesia, however, it has not been studied as such an indicator of anesthesia. The yawning is one means of changing arousal level, and a sign or marker that such a change is occurring, although its functions are not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the yawning whether it could be used as an indicator of induction of anesthesia, using its property as a marker of changed arousal level. METHODS: In 60 adult patients, group 1 was done propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) with Stelpump software, while group 2 was done thiopental TCI similarly. Clinical indicators of induction of anesthesia were measured as follows: loss of verbal control (LOV), loss of eyelash reflex (LOE), the yawning. In addition, the occurrence of apnea (OOA) were measured, too. We assessed the hypnosis levels of indicators of induction of anesthesia including the yawning and demonstrate their effect site concentrations and elapsed time. Furthermore, we compared the incidences of yawning and apnea between both groups. RESULTS: Clinical indicators of induction occurred in the order of LOV > LOE > the yawning >> OOA in both groups. With respect to BIS, the yawning showed the lowest BIS and the highest effect site concentrations except OOA in both groups. The incidence of the yawning in group 2 was higher than in group 1 (about 82 vs 63%). On the contrary, the incidence of apnea in group 1 was higher than in group 2 (about 79 vs 53%). CONCLUSIONS: As far as the yawning could be shown, we could observe, it approximated most closely to their clinical impression of the 'true' induction in terms of the hypnosis level and its effect site concentration.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Apnea ; Arousal ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Incidence ; Propofol ; Reflex ; Thiopental ; Yawning*

BACKGROUNDS: Various methods have been devised for choosing the correct internal diameter (ID) of endotracheal tubes and the proper lengths for oral endotracheal tubes at different ages in children. This study was performed to evaluate the appropriate sizes of uncuffed endotracheal tubes and distance from upper incisor to carina in Korean children under 8 years old. METHODS: Five hundred thirty five children under 8 years in ASA class 1 and 2 were evaluated for the study by age groups: 0~3 months, 4~11 months and every each year until 8 years. Appropriate sizes were to permit a gas leak at 15~25 cmH2O with positive pressure ventilation. Distances from incisor to carina were at the point which bilateral lung sounds were noticed during slow extubation from endobroncheal intubation. RESULTS: Appropriate tube sizes were 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm for infants under 3 months, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm for 4 to 11 months and ""4.15+0.28xage (yr) (mm)"" (R2=0.77, p<0.05) for children between 1 and 8 years old. Distances from upper incisor to carina were 12.0 cm for infants under 3 months, 13.7 cm for 4 to 11 months and ""14.5+0.6xage (yr) (cm)"" (R2=0.62, p<0.05) for children between 1 and 8 years old. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the endotracheal tube ID for the Korean children are a little greater than those of previous reports in foreign countries and airway lengths for the Korean children are similar to those of foreigners.
Child* ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Infant ; Intubation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiratory Sounds

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a rehabilitation program for the patients with lateral epicondylitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with lateral epicondylitis were included from April 2009 to October 2009 and all the patients were treated with a rehabilitation program for 6 weeks. The evaluation at baseline and at 12 weeks after rehabilitation included the subjective assessment of symptoms and the objective assessment with measuring the grip strength and muscle power of the wrist extensors and flexors and the forearm supinators and pronators. After 6 months, subjective satisfaction was evaluated via telephone calls. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (SPSS ver. 16.0). RESULTS: At 12 weeks, the subjective satisfaction was improved in on the three questionnaires. The grip strength increased from 25.1 kg to 37.8 kg (p<0.05). On the Biodex analysis, there was significant difference at the wrist extensors. At 6 months, 21 cases had excellent or good results according to the score and 2 cases complained of remaining pain. CONCLUSION: Our rehabilitation program is thought to be good treatment for the patients with lateral epicondylitis, and it is a practical and precautionary step for the cases of lateral epicondylitis if the patients themselves are educated to volutarily participate in the program.
Elbow ; Forearm ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Muscles ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Telephone ; Wrist

Pseudo-kaposi's sarcoma is a vasoproliferative disorder that may resemble Kaposi's sarcoma, clinically and histologically. In most cases, it has been associated with congenital or iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula and chronic venous insuffiency. We present a 36-year-old male patient with pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma caused by a deed vein thrombosis in the absence of any detectable underlying etiologic factors.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Thrombosis ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of Prism Adaptation (PA) plus functional electrical stimulation (FES) on stroke patients with unilateral neglect, and suggest a new intervention method for acute-phase stroke patients. METHODS: There were 30 patients included in this study from April to October 2016 that had unilateral neglect whilst hospitalized following a stroke (diagnosed by a professional). The participants, who were patients receiving occupational therapy, understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participate. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: PA plus FES group (Group A), PA group (Group B), and FES group (Group C). Treatments lasted for 50 minutes per day, 5 times per week, for 3 weeks in total. Reevaluation was conducted after 3 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: All 3 groups showed unilateral neglect reduction after the intervention, but PA plus FES (complex intervention method) was more effective than PA or FES alone [effect size: Motor-free Visual Perception Test (0.80), Albert test (0.98), CBS (0.92)]. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support further studies to examine complex intervention for the treatment of unilateral neglect.
Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Methods ; Occupational Therapy ; Stroke ; Visual Perception

BACKGROUND: Recently, a great deal of interest has been focused on the use of hydroxyurea and hemin that may augment Hb F levels in patients with hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia, although the molecular mechanism of those chemicals remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of hydroxyurea and hemin on human adult peripheral and cord blood erythroid cells grown in a two-phase liquid culture system. METHODS: Four adult peripheral and four cord blood cells were cultured in two-phase liquid culture, and were treated with hydroxyurea or hemin. We counted isolated erythroid cells by acid benzidine and glycophorin A stains. To determine whether transcription factor binding to the promoter is critical, we also examined the promoter region of gamma globin gene both under uninduced and hydroxyurea or hemin induced conditions using gel mobility shift assay and southwestern blot analysis. RESULTS: When added together with erythropoietin, hydroxyurea led to significant increase in the percentage of erythroid cells in cord blood. In contrast, hemin greatly accelerated hemoglobin accumulation in adult erythroid progenitor cells. At -230 and -264 regions of gamma globin gene promoter, different protein binding patterns were observed in uninduced and hydroxyurea or hemin induced conditions between adult and cord blood. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hydroxyurea and hemin may act via alteration in DNA-protein interactions to induce gamma globin gene expression. In addition, we can conclude that different transcription factors may be involved in the gamma globin induction process between the adult and cord blood erythroid cells.
Adult ; Blotting, Southwestern ; Coloring Agents ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Erythroid Cells ; Erythroid Precursor Cells* ; Erythropoietin ; Fetal Blood ; gamma-Globins* ; Gene Expression ; Glycophorin ; Hemin ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic* ; Protein Binding ; Thalassemia ; Transcription Factors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of internal fixation with plate in treating infected nonunion of long bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1993 to February 2004, ten patients who underwent internal fixation with plate and cancellous bone graft on account of infected nonunion of long bone were retrospectively examined. The medical treatment were composed of thorough and adequate debridement of necrotic tissue, irrigation and plate fixation. Two patients were operated on with bridging plate method. Autologous cancellous bone graft was performed in 6 patients. In 2 cases, it was performed 4 weeks after internal fixation. RESULTS: In 9 patients, radiographic union appeared on the average of 6.8months and infections were cured before union occurred. CONCLUSION: Internal fixation with plate is a useful method for the solid fixation in the treatment of infected nonunion. The general concern was that the inserted hardware worsened the infection, which was overcomed with the operative techniques as bridging plate, debridement and cancellous bone graft.
Debridement ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to observe glycemic changes after emphasizing the importance of lifestyle modification in patients with mild or moderately uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 51 type 2 diabetic patients with 7.0-9.0% hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) who preferred to change their lifestyle rather than followed the recommendation of medication change. At the enrollment, the study subjects completed questionnaires about diet and exercise. After 3 months, HbA1c levels were determined and questionnaires on the change of lifestyle were accomplished. We divided the study subjects into 3 groups: improved (more than 0.3% decrease of HbA1c), aggravated (more than 0.3% increase of HbA1c) and not changed (-0.3% Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/psychology/*therapy ; *Diet ; *Exercise ; Female ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance

BACKGROUND: The possibility of developing pulmonary tuberculosis usually increases with increasing age. Therefore, the incidence of endobronchial tuberculosis in older people may increase. We evaluated the clinical characteristics in patients with endobronchial tuberculosis above the age of 70 years. METHODS: We enrolled 74 patients (12 males and 62 females; mean age 64.6+/-16.2 years) that were diagnosed with endobronchial tuberculosis from March 2003 to July 2006 at Gyeongsang University Hospital. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics of endobronchial tuberculosis for patients 70 years or older (older group) and for patients below the age of 70 years (younger group). RESULTS: The number of patients in the older group was 41 (55%). Cough was the most common symptom in the two groups of patients and dyspnea on exertion was more common in the older group of patients than in the younger group of patients (31.7% vs. 12.1%). The actively caesating type of disease was more common in the younger group of patients than in the older group of patients (66.7% vs. 39%). The edematous type of disease was more common in the older group of patients than in the younger group of patients (53.7% vs. 27.2%) (p<0.05). Tracheal and main bronchial involvement of lesions were more common for the younger group of patients than for the older group of patients (30.3% vs. 9.7%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endobronchial tuberculosis was commonly observed in patients older than 70 years and this group of patients had some clinical characteristics that were different from the younger group of patients.
Cough ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary