Furfurol(Furfudol), a new anthelmintics, was administered to 7 adults and 21 children (6-12 years old) in total amounts of 15.6 mg(base) for 1 to 3 days. It has proven to be effective against hookworms. The anthelmintic effect against hookworms with a single dose of 15.6 mg of furfurol was similar to that of a single dose of 2.5 gm of bephenium hydroxynaphthoate. However, when a total of 15.6 mg of the base was given to both children and adult, the side reactions were so mild that the drug can be administered for therapeutic regimens in mass treatment. Minor abdominal discomfort was the only common side effect. This is the primary advantage of furfurol as compared with bephenium hydroxynaphthoate. These results have indicated that furfurol is safe in therapeutic dosage and is an effective agent to treat patients infected with hookworms.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-hookworm ; chemotherapy-furfurol ; bephenium hydroxynaphthoate ; furfurol

PURPOSE: Platelet Rich Plasma(PRP) application is increasing with sinus inlay bone graft, but there is few research with radiographic ananlysis on effect of PRP in maxillary sinus. The author investigated the amount of bony changes of maxillary sinus for dental implantation among the patients with maxillary inlay graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With 10 patients who were treated with sinus inlay autologous bone grafting combined with PRP technique, and with 5 patients who were treated with sinus inlay grafting only without PRP, the panoramic radiographys which were taken at preoperation, immediate postoperation, 3months postoperation, and 4 months postoperation(a month after dental implantation)periods were analysed. The films had been scanned, and then proceeded throughout image analysis system. The bone density of maxillary grafted sites was compared with adjacent tooth enamel density and remeasured according to density luminosity of each film. The density changes on PRP group and bone graft only group were an lysed with non-parameteric statistics method. RESULTS: In PRP combined patients group, bone density on postoperation periods was increased totally. The remarkable enhanced change of bone density was observed on 3 months postoperation period, thereafter the increasing rate was slightly reduced . In only bone graft patients group, bone density on postoperation periods was also increased compared with preoperation period, but the bone density of 4 months postoperation period was decreased compared with 3 months postoperation period. The amount of bone density on PRP group was significantly changed according to periods in contrast to bone graft only group. CONCLUSION: The bone density on PRP group was remarkably increased at 3 months postoperation compared to bone graft only group and it was seemed to be associated with more new bone formation, less grafted bone resorption at bone grafted sites with PRP.
Blood Platelets* ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Enamel ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Inlays ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Tooth ; Transplants

Bone healing plays an important role in orthognathic and craniofacial surgery. Bone tissue repair and regeneration are regulated by an array of growth and morphogenetic factors. Bone formation and remodeling require continuous generation of osteoprogenitor cells from bone marrow stromal cells, which generate and respond to a variety of growth factors with putative roles in hematopoiesis and mesenchymal differentiation. In this study, the efficacy of a single application of hepatocyte growth factor to promote bone regeneration in 5-mm experimental calvarial defects of adult male rats was assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. The result of the experimental site were compared with those of the contralateral contral side. None of the control and experimental bone defects demonstrated complete bone closure. Bone regeneration was found close th the margine and central part of the defects. At 1, 2 weeks, there were found much significant cellural mitotic activity and many inflammatory cells and osteoblasts on the experimental site than control site. At 4, 6 weeks, new bone apposition was founded in both site but, more apposition was seen at experimental site. At 8, 12 weeks, also, some differences was found that more apposition of new bone and collagen fiber was seen on experimental site. Our results have some possibility that HGF do a early positive role to repair the bone defect. More study will be needed.
Adult ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Regeneration ; Collagen ; Hematopoiesis ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor* ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Regeneration

Bone Density ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implants ; Follow-Up Studies ; Maxilla ; Osseointegration

Animals ; Biomimetics ; Calcium ; Calcium Phosphates ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Dentin ; Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Mice ; Micronucleus Tests ; Odontoblasts ; Regeneration ; RNA ; Tooth

This study was performed to investigate the effects of enflurane anesthesia and surgery on thyroid function by determining the plasma concentration of thyroxid(T4) and trilodothyronine(T3) in 10 patients who had neither hepatic disorder nor endocrine disease. Each patient was premedicated with diazepam 10mg and atropine sulfate 0.5mg intramuscularly one hour before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with pentohal sodium and maintained with enflurane and oxygen supplemented with pancuronium bromide in divided dose as needed. plasma concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured by means of radiommunoassay. The results obtained were as follows: 1) No significant change in the plasma concentration of thyroxine was detected during enflurane anesthesia and surgery. 2) Plasma concentration of triidothyronine decreased significantly, compared with the control level, during enflurane anesthesia alone and anesthesia plus surgery. Although the precise mechanisms for the decrease in triiodothyronine following anesthesia and surgery remain unknown, decreased peripheral conversion from T4 to T3 may be responsible for this decline. Our data imply that enflurane anesthesia did not stimulate thyroid funcion judged by plasma concentration of T4 or T3. Therefore, enflurane anesthesia may be an useful anesthetics for patients with hyperthyroidism.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Atropine ; Diazepam ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Oxygen ; Pancuronium ; Plasma ; Sodium ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the effect of alendronate-treated osteoblasts, as well as the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the alendronate-treated osteoblasts. Bisphosphonate decreases the osteoblastic activity. Various treatment modalities are used to enhance the bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts; however, there were no cell culture studies conducted using a low-level laser. METHODS: Human fetal osteoblastic (hFOB 1.19) cells were treated with 50 μM alendronate. Then, they were irradiated with a 1.2 J/cm² low-level Ga-Al-As laser (λ = 808 ± 3 nm, 80 mW, and 80 mA; spot size, 1 cm²; NDLux, Seoul, Korea). The cell survivability was measured with the MTT assay. The three cytokines of osteoblasts, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were analyzed. RESULTS: In the cells treated with alendronate at concentrations of 50 μM and higher, cell survivability significantly decreased after 48 h (p < 0.05). After the applications of low-level laser on alendronate-treated cells, cell survivability significantly increased at 72 h (p < 0.05). The expressions of OPG, RANKL, and M-CSF have decreased via the alendronate. The RANKL and M-CSF expressions have increased, but the OPG was not significantly affected by the LLLT. CONCLUSIONS: The LLLT does not affect the OPG expression in the hFOB cell line, but it may increase the RANKL and M-CSF expressions, thereby resulting in positive effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling.
Alendronate ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy* ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteoprotegerin ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the positive relationship exists among the frenum length, the tongue movement and the speech and to present the normal range of tongue movement and guidelines for the choice of surgery, observation if necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 180 patients were evaluated. We divided 180 patients into 6 groups by age. Each group was separated as follows; the age of 2.5-4, 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, 16-18. We measured the frenal length, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech so that we really questioned about the positive relationship between the tongue-tie and speech. We let the patient exercise the protrusive, both(right, left) laterotrusive, superior movement of the tongue. During these movements, we measured the distance between the vermilion border and the tongue tip. We also measured the distance from the tongue tip to the point contacting the upper lip with dorsum of the tongue during the maximal protrusive movement of the tongue. Three linear measurements of the anterior, inferior segment of the tongue, including the lingual frenum, are made. These measurements are as follows: 1. Distance A. Free anterior portion of the tongue from the point of frenular insertion to the tongue tip. 2. Distance B. The distance from the initiating point of the lingual frenum to the point connecting the two sublingual caruncles to the lingual frenum perpendicularly. 3. Distance C. The distance from the point contacting the line crossing the sublingual caruncles with the lingual frenum to the terminating point of the lingual frenum. We transform three linear measures into a statistical ratio, A/(A+B+C), representing the length of the free portion of the tongue compared with the total sublingual dimensions. In addition, we assessed the speech through Picture Consonant Articulation Test (PCAT) and tried to find out the relationship between the length of the lingual frenum and speech. CONCLUSION: As people are born, they have small and restricted tongue. As people grow old, tongue motions are more liberate, and unrestricted and they can speak so freely. Therefore we suggest that until age 5, oral and maxillofacial surgeons postpone the surgery if not urgent, evaluate the maximal lingual motions and PCAT according to this article and observe their changes.
Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lingual Frenum* ; Lip ; Reference Values ; Tongue*

We have examined 20 tongue-tie patients who had been operated the lingual frenectomy in Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University for the effect of the lingual frenectomy on the tongue motion and speech, and divided patients into groups by age. Each group was separated as follows ; the age of 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18. We measured the frenal lengh, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech pre- and postoperatively. The preoperative patient groups have larger tongue tips and smaller lingual frenums than normal ones. In the preoperative patient group, there was significant obstacle of the protrusive and superior movement of the tongue. The exception was the laterotrusive movement on both sides. There was the lower value of the Picture Consonant Articulation Test(PCAT) in the preoperative 5 to 6 yearold group compared with normal group. In other age groups, there was no significant difference. The range of postoperative PCAT in all age groups has become as similiar as that of normal group. The 5 to 6 year-old group which had significant difference in PCAT was improved in PCAT. In conclusion, we propose that the PCAT as well as anatomical tongue size and functional tongue movement is the basis of the indication of lingual frenectomy and the 5-6 year-old is the optimal time of the lingual frenectomy for improvement of the tongue movement and the speech.
Busan ; Child ; Humans ; Lingual Frenum ; Surgery, Oral ; Tongue*

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer patients as adjunct treatment, but if the microvascular tissue transfer is performed simulataneously with cancer resection surgery, the induction chemotherapy might affect the survival rate of vascularized free flap. Our study will focus on the effect of induction chemotherapy on the free flaps which were made on white rat abdomen after injection of 5-FU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental rat groups were divided into three groups (total 24 rats) as a normal control group, 24 hrs group after 5-FU injection, 3 days group after 5-FU injection. Inferior abdominal island flaps of 8 Sprague Dawley rats on each group were made and immediately were induced into an ischemic state by clamping the supplying inferior epigastric artery and vein with microvascular clamp for a hour to induce a similiar free flap circumstance, then the inferior abdominal skin flaps were reperfused by releasing the clamps. The flaps on abdomen were repositioned and sutured. The experimental data for flap survival rate was collected by digital photo taking, analysed by computer image program to compare with the flap luminosity. The rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 5 days, 7 days after flap preparation and specimens of the flap were taken and stained with H-E staining. The microscopic finding was made under magnification of 200 and 400. RESULTS: 1. Gross findings on each groups showed the healing condition was good as following sequences; normal, 24 hrs group after chemotherapy, 3 days group after chemotherpy. 2. The values of flap luminosity for evaluation of flap survival rate also showed the same sequences as gross findings of healing state. 3. The microscopic findings of epidermis necrosis, inflammation state, dermis fibrosis, vessel change, fatty tissue layer thinning were compared with each group. The 3 days group after chemotherapy showed remarkably poor healing condition compared to other groups. CONCULSION: Chemotherapy agents affected the healing process of free flap, but healing condition was recovered spontaneously as post-injection periods passed out. In opposite to our expectation, 3 days group showed the bad flap condition in comparing with 24 hours group which was considered as immatured body circulation state of chemotherapy agent. It showed that 3 weeks in human being after chemotherapy was not proper as timing of microvascular tissue transfer if 3 days group in rat was considered as same healing period of 3 weeks in human being. More delayed healing timing than 3 weeks might be required in clinical application of free tissue transfer.
Abdomen ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Constriction ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Epidermis ; Epigastric Arteries ; Fibrosis ; Fluorouracil ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Inflammation ; Microsurgery* ; Necrosis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Survival Rate* ; Veins