No abstract available.
Facial Nerve* ; Herpes Zoster Oticus* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Paralysis*

PURPOSE: To measure the size of normal corpus callosum in each portion using objective and reproducible method with MRI and evaluation of morphological change of corpus callosum by grade of hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Midsagittal Tl-weighted MR imaging of the corpus callosum was investigated in 41 volunteers of normal Korean adults and 19 patients with hydrocephalus. Corpus callosum was measured for the anteroposterior length(A), height(B), and the thickness of genu(C), body (D), splenium(E), and the narrowest portion of body(F). And the analysis of morphology and signal intensity of the corpus callosum were also evaluated. Hydrocephalus was graded as mild, moderate, and severe, and comparision of thickness with normal corpus callosum in each portion was done. RESULTS: The mean length and height were 72.3mm, 28.6mm in male, and 70.7ram, 28.9mm in female. And the mean dimention for C, D, E, and F were 13.1 ram, 8ram, 13.2mm, 5.2ram in male, and 12.8mm, 7.5ram, 12.3 ram, 5mm in female. The morphology of normal corpus callosum was "hook" shaped on midline sagittal Tl-weighted image. Narrowing at posterior third portion of body were present on 30 cases(73.2%) and even in thickness of the body in 11 cases(26.8%). The signal intensity of the corpus callosum on midsagittal Tl-weighted spin echo image of normal cases was homogeneous hyperintense as compared with cerebral gray matter. In hydrocephalus, A and B were increased and other portions were decreased in thickhess. Genu and the narrowest portion of body showed significant difference of thickness according to the grade of hydrocephalus. CONCLUSION: The mean dimention of all portion of corpus callosum were larger in male than female except for callosal height but not significant statistically with the exception of splenium. Hydrocephalus lead to morphological change of the corpus callosum. Among the portion of corpus callosum, genu and the narrowest portion of the body were thought to be the most sensitive indicators of degree in hydrocephalus.
Adult* ; Corpus Callosum* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Volunteers

The Y-chromosome, as with other chromosomes in the cell, is subject to mutations. However, unlike autosomal genes, the Y chromosome does not undergo recombination, and therefore individuals from different geographical regions may have differing distribution patterns with respect to Y-chromosome mutations. More detailed knowledge and information regarding Y-chromosome mutations might therefore provide insights into phylogenetic history and personal identification. Here, we describe a case study involving genotype-phenotype discrepancy in an Indian male individual. We found that the mistyping in sex determination was caused by a deletion in the amelogenin Y (AMEL Y) gene. Furthermore, on examining the short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci using the PowerPlex(R) Y23 System, we found four more deleted loci on Yp11.2 (DYS576, DYS481, DYS570, and DYS458) in this sample. We performed deletion mapping for this sample, and we propose that the microdeletion on the Yp11.2 locus occurred approximately in the 6.44 Mb to 9.75 Mb region. Previous studies have reported that the AMEL Y deletion is a common mutation in the Indian population. Taking into account regional differences, we also analyzed several area-specific Y-chromosome mutations.
Amelogenin ; DNA* ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Y Chromosome*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Sterilization, Tubal*

Oculocardiac reflex occurs frequently during strabismus surgery in children. The most common arrythmia is bradycardia, with resolution after traction of extraocular muscle is withdrawn. However, the reflex is potentially fatal as it can cause cardiac arrest. This study was undertaken to compare the effect of three muscle relaxants, succinylcholine, pancuronium and vecuronium on the oculocardiac reflex, and to determine which could prevent it during strabismus surgery in children. We compared the change of heart rate and systolic blood pressure in each muscle relaxant group before and after traction of extraocular muscle in unpremedicated children between 3 to 15 years old with atropine or glycopyrrolate undergoing strabismus surgery. The incidences of oculocardiac reflex were 31.6% in vecuronium group, 14.0% in pancuronium group and 18.4% in succinylcholine group. Overall incidence was 20.1%. Heart rate decreased significantly in vecuronium and succinylcholine group, but systolic blood pressure was unchanged. In pancuronium group, changes in heart rate and systolic blood pressure were not significant. From the above results, the use of pancuronium which does not decrease heart rate will be more protective in preventing the oculecardiac reflex during strabismus surgery in children.
Adolescent ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Child* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pancuronium* ; Reflex ; Reflex, Oculocardiac* ; Strabismus ; Succinylcholine* ; Traction ; Vecuronium Bromide*

BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is caused by atherosclerosis of the peripheral vessels, is a progressive disease, especially in patients with many of the vascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of PAD in elderly chronic stage ischemic stroke patients in Korea. METHODS: Ninety-six elderly patients (> or =60 years) admitted to a local geriatric hospital with ischemic stroke in the chronic stage (mean duration of stroke, 590 days) were included in this study. Vascular risk profiles, routine blood tests, severity of stroke and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured. RESULTS: Of the 96 patients, 55 (57.3%) had PAD (ABI<0.9) of which 6 patients (6.3%) had severe PAD (ABI<0.5) and 22 patients (22.9%) had bilateral PAD. PAD was more frequently observed in patients with diabetes (65% vs. 15%, p=0.001), hypercholesterolemia (65% vs. 15%, p<0.001), previous history of coronary artery disease (CAD) (25% vs. 5%, p=0.01) and recurrent ischemic stroke (36% vs. 12%, p=0.01). The means of the total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen were higher in patients with PAD. From the results of the binary logistic regression analysis, presence of diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 4.740; p=0.026), hypercholesterolemia (OR, 18.991; p<0.001), previous history of CAD (OR, 7.579; p=0.038) and lower Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (OR, 0.971; p=0.009) were independent risk factors for PAD. CONCLUSION: PAD is frequently observed in elderly patients with chronic ischemic stroke. Measuring ABI to diagnose PAD and controlling risk factors may be beneficial in these patients seen at geriatric hospitals and centers.
Aged ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Logistic Models ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

Pseudo-kaposi's sarcoma is a vasoproliferative disorder that may resemble Kaposi's sarcoma, clinically and histologically. In most cases, it has been associated with congenital or iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula and chronic venous insuffiency. We present a 36-year-old male patient with pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma caused by a deed vein thrombosis in the absence of any detectable underlying etiologic factors.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Thrombosis ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications including pneumonia and pulmonary edema frequently develop in critically ill surgical patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly used as a powerful diagnostic tool for pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to report how LUS is used in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients who underwent LUS in surgical ICU between May 2016 and December 2016. RESULTS: The indication for LUS included hypoxemia (n = 44, 65.7%), abnormal chest radiographs without hypoxemia (n = 17, 25.4%), fever without both hypoxemia and abnormal chest radiographs (n = 4, 6.0%), and difficult weaning (n = 2, 3.0%). Among 67 patients, 55 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary edema (n = 27, 41.8%), pneumonia (n = 20, 29.9%), diffuse interstitial pattern with anterior consolidation (n = 6, 10.9%), pneumothorax with effusion (n = 1, 1.5%), and diaphragm dysfunction (n = 1, 1.5%), respectively, via LUS. LUS results did not indicate lung complications for 12 patients. Based on the location of space opacification on the chest radiographs, among 45 patients with bilateral abnormality and normal findings, three (6.7%) and two (4.4%) patients were finally diagnosed with pneumonia and atelectasis, respectively. Furthermore, among 34 patients with unilateral abnormality and normal findings, two patients (5.9%) were finally diagnosed with pulmonary edema. There were 27 patients who were initially diagnosed with pulmonary edema via LUS. This diagnosis was later confirmed by other tests. There were 20 patients who were initially diagnosed with pneumonia via LUS. Among them, 16 and 4 patients were finally diagnosed with pneumonia and atelectasis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LUS is useful to detect pulmonary complications including pulmonary edema and pneumonia in surgically ill patients.
Anoxia ; Critical Care* ; Critical Illness ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Fever ; Humans ; Lung* ; Medical Records ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography* ; Weaning

BACKGROUD: The blood component should not be issued for transfusion if there is any abnormality in color or physical appearance, or any indication of contamination. During 3 years (1999-2001), 1,041 blood components were returned to Central Red Cross Blood Center from the hospitals because of various reasons. We Analyzed the frequency and reasons of blood component returns for the useful information of blood supply plan. METHODS: Each blood component return in the Blood Component Return Report from 1999 through 2001 was examined for the number of units and return reasons. RESULTS: For 3 years, the total number of supplied blood components were 1,203,573 units and 1,041 (0.09%) of them were returned from 26 hospitals. The most common reason of return was broken bag or pilot tube (70.9%). Other reasons were fibrin(or precipitates) in bag (3.0%), clots in pilot tube (2.9%), turbid plasma (1.8%), hemolysis (0.5%), icteric plasma (0.3%), label errors (1.1%), incompatible cross matching (0.2%) and others (0.7%). Also there were blood returns due to poor handling of blood components in hospital (1.9%) and reasons unrelated to blood safety, purity and potency such as rare blood (5.8%), exchange for fresh blood (9.8%) and unused blood (1.2%). The most commonly returned blood component was plasma component (69.5% of units) CONCLUSION: The final product should be inspected prior to issue with more strict standard. And the proper system for assurance of returned normal blood components from hospitals must be applied for efficient blood utilization.
Blood Safety ; Hemolysis ; Plasma ; Red Cross

To check expert opinion about the investigation system of medicine-related death, model for "Death Investigation Center" was suggested and related questionnaire were requested. Between 15 December 2009 and 5 April 2010, we sent e-mails of the questionnaire which asked the opinion for the new postmortem investigation system. We sent the questionnaire to 3,289 lawyers and 4,523 doctors (total 7812), and received 100 replies out of the total. All the lawyers and doctors interviewed knew the importance of the postmortem investigation system. Most of them (87%) agreed to the introduction of the new postmortem investigation system. Some of them thought that protector's agreement was necessary for the postmortem investigation (21%), and more doctors were likely to participate with legal protocol (23%). If the postmortem investigation could not be performed due to the protector's disagreement, another specialized medical investigation should be needed to figure out the cause of death (85%). The new postmortem investigation system should be performed by the specific institution, and supported by the government (44%). In many expert's opinion, nonmedical experts such as lawyers and priests should be included for the institution of investigation for objectivity and neutrality (72%). This sample study finds that the postmortem investigation performed by specialized institution is necessary to determine the cause of death in the hospital. For the operation of the system, neutrality and the operating core would be the most important.
Cause of Death ; Electronic Mail ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Lawyers ; Surveys and Questionnaires