GH3 cells are derived from rat pituitary tumor cells that secrete prolactin and growth hormone, and important in studying prolactin-secreting pitutary tumors. This study was performed to examine the effects of polylysine on growth and differentiation of GH3 cells by means of (a) cell attachment assay (b) cell count and bromodeoxyuridine labeling and (c) immunohistochemistry for prolactin in the absence or presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cell shape, attachment to the culture surface and growth of GH3 cells were not affected by polylysine coating. The percentages of prolactin-immunoreactive cells were higher in the cells cultured on the polylysine-coated surface compared to those on the plastic surface. Cell number and BrdU incorporation were lower in the EGF-treated cells on both culture surfaces. The results provided basic information on the effects of polylysine coating on GH3 cells in culture and suggested that polylysine coating was useful for the study on GH3 cells because it enhanced cell differentiation as well as it provided stronger attachment than plastic surfaces.
Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Shape ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Growth Hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Plastics ; Polylysine* ; Prolactin ; Rats*

Purpose: We explored the relationship between dry eye syndrome (DES) and parity in women over 20 years of age. Methods: We retrieved data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of women over 20 years of age, 7,573 diagnosed with DES by ophthalmologists and 7,347 who self-diagnosed DES were included. We used logistic regression to explore the relationship between DES prevalence and parity, and the chi-squared test to compare differences in DES prevalence by someo children. Results: On univariate logistic regression, the DES incidence was significantly affected by residential status, educational level, hours of sleep, and hyperlipidemia, osteoarthritis, thyroid disorder, and menopause status. We subjected these parameters (and age) to multivariate logistic regression. We found no significant relationship between the doctor-diagnosed DES rate and the number of children. Subjectively, the number of children significantly reduced the prevalence of self-diagnosed DES but not that diagnosed by ophthalmologists. The self-diagnosed DES prevalence was significantly lower in women with than without children. Conclusions The KNHANES-V data showed that the prevalence of self-diagnosed DES decreased with the number of children in women aged over 20 years. The prevalence of self-diagnosed DES in women with children was significantly less than that in women without children. However, we found no significant correlation between the number of children and DES status, because DES does not simply reflect poor tear secretion, being rather multifactorial.

BACKGROUND: Conventional correction of malunioned zygoma requires complete regional exposure through a bicoronal flap combined with a lower eyelid incision and an upper buccal sulcus incision. However, there are many potential complications following bicoronal incisions, such as infection, hematoma, alopecia, scarring and nerve injury. We have adopted a zygomaticofrontal suture osteotomy technique using transconjunctival incision with lateral paracanthal extension. We performed a retrospective review of clinical cases underwent correction of malunioned zygoma with the approach to evaluate outcomes following this method. METHODS: Between June 2009 and September 2015, corrective osteotomies were performed in 14 patients with malunioned zygoma by a single surgeon. All 14 patients received both upper gingivobuccal and transconjunctival incisions with lateral paracanthal extension. The mean interval from injury to operation was 16 months (range, 12 months to 4 years), and the mean follow-up was 1 year (range, 4 months to 3 years). RESULTS: Our surgical approach technique allowed excellent access to the infraorbital rim, orbital floor, zygomaticofrontal suture and anterior surface of the maxilla. Of the 14 patients, only 1 patient suffered a complication—oral wound dehiscence. Among the 6 patients who received infraorbital nerve decompression, numbness was gradually relieved in 4 patients. Two patients continued to experience persistent numbness. CONCLUSION: Transconjunctival incision with lateral paracanthal extension combined with upper gingivobuccal sulcus incision offers excellent exposure of the zygoma-orbit complex, and could be a valid alternative to the bicoronal approach for osteotomy of malunioned zygoma.
Alopecia ; Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Decompression ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Maxilla ; Methods ; Orbit ; Osteotomy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures ; Wounds and Injuries ; Zygoma* ; Zygomatic Fractures

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelial Cells*

An obturator hernia is a rare but important cause of small bowel obstruction, due to the difficulty of its diagnosis and the high mortality rate. Elderly, multiparous and debilitated women with comorbid illnesses are most often affected, and this hernia, coupled with a delay in the diagnosis and operative intervention, results in the high mortality rate, which represents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the surgeon. Recently, we experienced two unusual obturator hernia cases, where incarceration had lead to a small bowel obstruction. One patient was an 82-year-old woman with a compression fracture of the lumbar spine, which presented with left inguinal pain and abdominal distension. The abdominal plain X-ray showed evidence of a small bowel obstruction. The hernia was diagnosed by a computed tomography (CT) scan and repaired using the lower midline transperitoneal approach. To prevent a recurrence, the hernial defect was enforced with a polypropylene plug and mesh. The other patient was a 92-year old woman with fracture of the neck of the left femur, which presented with defecation difficulty and abdominal distension. The abdominal plain X-ray showed multiple distended small bowel loops consistent with small bowel obstruction. A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a right obturator hernia with strangulation. We recommended an emergency operation, but the patient refused the operative procedure. With on going conservative management, the symptom was fortunately resolved. Herein, we report these findings with a brief review of the literature.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Defecation ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Compression ; Hernia ; Hernia, Obturator* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Neck ; Pelvis ; Polypropylenes ; Recurrence ; Spine ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In the management of postoperative fluid collection, the conventional percutaneous drainage method can be employed. Because of abdominal incisions and various types of surgical drains and/or T-tubes, the application of this method is not always easy, however. We inserted a drainage catheter through a pre-existing percutaneous track formed by a surgical drain located adjacent to the site of abnormal fluid collection. There was no need to remove the drain nor make an additional puncture in the abdominal wall. A dilator was inserted along the drain, and a guide wire was used to negotiate its intraperitoneal track and readch the accumulated fluid. The procedure was simple and safe. We briefly deseribe our experience of this modified percutaneous drainage technique, as used in three cases involving postoperative fluid collection.
Abdominal Wall ; Catheters ; Drainage* ; Punctures

Radiation ulcers are wounds caused by acute or chronic effects of ionizing radiation. The injury may involve the skin, underlying soft tissue, and even deeper into bones. Radiation is used alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. Although it is useful to affect tumor death, it also exerts a deleterious effect on surrounding normal tissues. These effects are either acute or can manifest months or years after the treatment. The chronic wounds are a result of impaired wound healing. This impairment leads to fibrosis, nonhealing ulcers, lymphedema and radionecrosis amongst others.
Drug Therapy ; Fibrosis ; Lymphedema ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy ; Skin ; Ulcer* ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

Jejunoileal diverticulosis is formed by herniation of mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layer of the bowel wall. The condition usually consists of multiple diverticula at the mesenteric border, in contrast to the true congenital Meckel's diverticulum. Small bowel diverticulum is a rare disease that can give rise to unexpected problems such as malabsorption, perforation, diverticulitis, obstruction and bleeding. Since the reported complication rate is low, uncomplicated small bowel diverticula are generally recommended to be left untreated. Bleeding from a diverticulum is often sudden and massive. We report herein a case of a 43-yearold women who presented with massive bleeding from multiple jejunal diverticula. She had been admitted to hospital one day previously with the chief complaint of severe whole abdominal pain which was aggravated progressively. On physical examination, she showed an acute, ill appearance. The abdomen was slightly distended and tender with rebound tenderness. On the abdomen CT, the jejunal wall was thickened and the mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. An emergency laparotomy was performed. Multiple jejunal diverticula, distributed from 20 to 100 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, were found, along with massive bleeding from diverticulosis. A segment of the jejunum containing all diverticula was resected and end to end anastomosis was performed. Due to the relative rarity of these lesions and their complications, diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. Awareness of their tendency to cause nonspecific abdominal symptoms and serious complications may lead to earlier diagnosis and timely treatment.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulitis ; Diverticulum* ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Laparotomy ; Ligaments ; Lymph Nodes ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Mucous Membrane ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases

BACKGROUND: The incidence of brain metastasis (BM) in gynecologic cancers has risen recently, due to prolonged survival times and an early diagnosis. We analyzed treatment outcomes of patients with BM from gynecologic cancers. METHODS: Among 951 patients with BM who were treated in neurosurgical department from July 2003 to February 2016, a total of 20 (2%) patients were from gynecologic cancers. The patients' clinical characteristics were collected by using medical records. There were 14 (66.7%) ovarian cancers, 4 (19.0%) uterine cancers, and 2 (9.5%) cervical cancers. As a primary treatment modality, 11 patients were treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS), 6 with surgical resection followed by whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and 3 with WBRT only. Overall and progression-free survival according to the primary origin and the primary treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Median overall survival time was 28 months, and progression-free survival was 15 months. In patients with ovarian cancer, median overall survival did not reach during the follow-up periods and progression-free survival time was 15 months. Median overall survival time in patients who received GKS as the primary treatment was 17 months and that in patients who underwent surgical resection followed by WBRT was 37.3 months (p=0.16). The median value of progression-free survival time in patients who received GKS as the primary treatment was 12 months and that in patients who underwent surgical resection with WBRT was 42 months (p=0.042). Median follow up period of over all patients was 13 months. CONCLUSION: BM from gynecologic cancer is rare (2%), but our findings suggest that the prognosis might not always be poor. In our small series, surgical resection with WBRT was a treatment modality significantly associated with a longer progression-free survival. Additional studies with more cases and multi-institutional cooperation are needed to determine which treatment modality leads to better outcomes.
Brain* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies* ; Uterine Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: There have been various reports in the literature regarding the conservative management of pituitary apoplexy, pituitary incidentalomas and Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs). However, to the best of our knowledge, spontaneous involution of cystic sellar mass has rarely been reported. We report 14 cases of cystic sellar masses with spontaneous involution. METHODS: A total of 14 patients with spontaneous regression of cystic sellar masses in our hospital were included. The median age was 35 years (range, 5–67), and 8 patients were male. Clinical symptoms, hormone study and MRI were evaluated for all patients. The initial MRI showed all 14 patients with RCCs. Eight patients were presented with sudden onset of headache, and 1 patient with dizziness. Another patient, a 5-year-old child, was presented with delayed growth. Three patients had no symptoms via regular medical work up. All 14 patients had no visual symptoms. The follow-up period ranged from 5.7 to 42.8 months, with the mean of 17.3 months. RESULTS: The mean initial tumor size was 1.29 cm³ (range, 0.05 to 3.23). After involution, the tumor size decreased to 0.23 cm³ (range, 0 to 0.68) without any treatments. Repeated MRI showed a spontaneous decrease in tumor volume by 78% (range, 34 to 99). The initial MRI showed that the tumor was in contact with the optic chiasm in 7 patients, while compressing on the optic chiasm in 3 patients. Five patients were initially treated with hormone replacement therapy due to hormone abnormality. After the follow-up period, only 2 patients needed a long-term hormone replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: The spontaneous involution of RCCs is not well quantified before. Their incidence has not been well demonstrated, but this phenomenon might be underreported. Conservative management can be a treatment option in some RCCs without visual symptoms, even in those that are large in size and in contact with the optic nerve via imaging study.
Central Nervous System Cysts ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dizziness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Optic Chiasm ; Optic Nerve ; Pituitary Apoplexy ; Tumor Burden