We report an autopsy of a male fetus that showed multiple congenital anomalies that could best be designated as Meckel-Gruber syndrome. The fetus was born dead at the gestational age of 38 weeks. His parents denied any history of congenital malformation. And the parity of the mother was 0-0-0-0, but she had the past history of receiving herb medication for common cold. The congenital anomalies found in this case consited of occipital meningoencephalocele, midline cleft palate, bifid epiglottis, hepatic fibrosis, choledochal cyst, bilateral polycystic kidneys, postaxial polydactyly of both hands and feet, aplasia of the left testis, secundum type atrial septal defect and patent ductus arterious. This malformation syndrome is rare and lethal. The prenatal diagnosis should be made by ultrasound study or analysis of the amniotic fluid for alpha-feto protein during intrauterine period. The kidneys showed Potter type III cystic change and there was a characteristic hepatic fibrosis.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available in English.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Ceramics ; Hip Prosthesis ; Hip

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT features of second branchial cleft cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomographic images in nine cases of second branchial cleft cyst which was confirmed pathologically. Emphasis was on localization of the masses to fascial spaces as defined by the deep cervical fasica. RESULTS: In all nine cases, the lerions were located in the submandibular and carotid spaces. Among these cases, six(67%) had simultaneous involvement of the other contiguous spaces, such as anterior and posterior cervical spaces. All cases had round or oval, unilocular, cystic masses with partial or complete rim enhancement. In eight cases(89%), smooth and thin walls were observed. In one case, thick wall and septations were noted. No definite calcifications were noted in all cases. The internal contents of cystic masses showed relatively homogeneous appearance, and CT number ranged from 20 to 35.2 Hounsfield unit(HU)(mean, 28.4HU). CONCLUSION: CT diagnosis of second branchial cleft cyst would be easily obtained from recognition of frequent simultaneous involvement of the other contiguous spaces, along with a typical location and characteristic morphology.
Branchial Region* ; Branchioma* ; Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

Jimson weed, also known as Datura stramonium, is a member of the Solanaceae family. Jimson weed was used by American Indians for medicinal and religious purposes. All parts of the Jimson weed plant are poisons, containing the alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine. So, it is caused by these components to make a anticholinergic toxicity within 6h after ingestion. Initial manifestations include dry mucus membrane, blurred, vision, thirst, difficulty swallowing and speaking, and photophobia, and may be followed by hyperthermia, confusion, agitation, combative behavior, hallucination, urinary retention, seizure and coma. We experienced two patients who developed combative behavior and agitation with pupil dilation caused by Jimson weed. They discharged with improvement after supportive for 2days.
Alkaloids ; Animals ; Atropine ; Coma ; Comb and Wattles ; Datura stramonium* ; Deglutition ; Dihydroergotamine ; Eating* ; Fever ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Hyoscyamine ; Indians, North American ; Membranes ; Mucus ; Photophobia ; Plants ; Poisons ; Pupil ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; Seizures ; Solanaceae ; Thirst ; Urinary Retention

Purpose: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) 3.0 has recently been suggested for determining liver allocation. We aimed to apply MELD 3.0 to a Korean population and to discover differences between patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective study of 2203 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis at Severance Hospital between 2016–2022. Harrell’s concordance index was used to validate the ability of MELD scores to predict 90-day survival. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12.9 months, 90-day survival was 61.9% in all patients, 50.4% in the HCC patients, and 74.8% in the non-HCC patients. Within the HCC patients, the concordance index for patients on the waitlist was 0.653 using MELD, which increased to 0.753 using MELD 3.0. Among waitlisted patients, the 90-day survival of HCC patients was worse than that of non-HCC patients with MELD scores of 31–37 only (69.7% vs. 30.0%, p=0.001). Applying MELD 3.0, the 90-day survival of HCC patients was worse than that of non-HCC patients across a wider range of MELD 3.0 scores, compared to MELD, with MELD 3.0 scores of 21–30 and 31–37 (82.0% vs. 72.5% and 72.3% vs. 24.3%, p=0.02 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion MELD 3.0 predicted 90-day survival of the HCC patients more accurately than original MELD score; however, the disparity between HCC and non-HCC patients increased, particularly in patients with MELD scores of 21–30. Therefore, a novel exception score is needed or the current exception score system should be modified.

We analyzed records at Chonnam university hospital from Sep. 1. 1993 to Aug. 31. 1996 to assess clinical significance of the foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract. There were 133 episodes consisting of 79 pediatric and 54 adult patients as possible to review. In the pediatric patients, the coin was the most common cause of foreign body ingestion, while adult patients were usually caused by bones and meat. We removed foreign bodies in the oral cavity and oropharynx in 12 cases using direct laryngophanmgoscpy and forcep. Endoscopy was performed successfully in 47 of 51 patients in which was attempted; there were two complications composed of an aspiration pneumonia and a mediastinitis due to esophageal perforation. There were spontaneous passage of foreign bodies in 48 cases. We observed complications in 6 cases in which 4 cases needed operations due to complications. Foreign bodies which pass into the stomach can be observed for development of complications, as 94% of foreign bodies which reach the stomach spontaneously pass. Only 4 patients required interventions, which was done without mortality.
Adult ; Eating* ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Perforation ; Foreign Bodies* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Meat ; Mediastinitis ; Mortality ; Mouth ; Numismatics ; Oropharynx ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Stomach ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the volumetric change of augmented autobone harvested from mandibular body cortical bone, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional reconstruction. In addition, the clinical success of dental implants placed 4 to 6 months after bone grafting was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five patients (48 men and 47 women) aged 19 to 72 years were included in this study. A total of 128 graft sites were evaluated. The graft sites were divided into three parts: anterior and both posterior regions of one jaw. All patients included in the study were scheduled for an onlay graft and implantation using a two-stage procedure. The dental implants were inserted 4 to 6 months after the bone graft. Volumetric stability was evaluated by serial CBCT images. RESULTS: No major complications were observed for the donor sites. A total of 128 block bones were used to augment severely resorbed alveolar bone. Only 1 of the 128 bone grafts was resorbed by more than half, and that was due to infection. In total, the average amount of residual grafted bone after resorption at the recipient sites was 74.6%+/-8.4%. CONCLUSION: Volumetric stability of mandibular body autogenous block grafts is predictable. The procedure is satisfactory for patients who want dental implants regardless of atrophic alveolar bone.
Alveolar Bone Grafting ; Bone Transplantation ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Inlays ; Jaw ; Male ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in females. Numerous drug-targetable biomarkers and predictive biomarkers have been developed. Some researchers have expressed doubts about the need for next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies in daily practice. This study analyzed the results of NGS studies on breast cancer at a single institute and evaluated the real-world applications of NGS data to precision medicine for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected the results of NGS studies and analyzed the histopathologic features and genetic profiles of patients treated for breast cancer from 2010 to 2021. Seventy cases had data from CancerSCAN, a customized panel of 375 cancer-associated genes, and 110 cases had data from TruSight Oncology 500. Results: The most frequently detected single nucleotide variant was the TP53 mutation (123/180, 68.3%), followed by PIK3CA muta-tions (51/180, 28.3%). Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutation was detected in 11 patients (6.1%), of whom 10 had hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer, and two had no history of prior endocrine therapy. Based on their NGS study results, 13 patients (7.2%) received target therapy. Among them, four patients had a BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation, and nine patients had a PIK3CA mutation. Conclusion NGS can provide information about predictive biomarkers and drug-targetable biomarkers that can enable treatment and participation in clinical trials based on precision medicine. Further studies should be conducted to excavate novel drug-targetable biomarkers and develop additional target therapies.

PURPOSE: Ginseng has been used throughout the Far East, including Korea and China, as a tonic and restorative agent to maintain physical vitality. The main pharmacoactive molecules of ginseng are ginsenosides. The present study was designed to investigate whether ginsenosides relax rabbit vaginal smooth muscle and whether this effect is modulated by nitric oxide(NO) and the cGMP pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Strips of rabbit vagina were mounted in organ chambers to measure isometric tension. The strips were contracted with phenylephrine(5 X 10(-5) M), and the responses to acetylcholine, nitric oxide inhibitor, and ginsenosides were examined. The cGMP content of the strips was measured by radioimmunoassay after various doses of ginsenosides. RESULTS: Ginsenosides(100~500microgram/mL) relaxed vaginal smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner(5~25%). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly increased in the presence of ginsenosides(100, 200microgram/mL)(p<0.05). The relaxation effect of ginsenosides was inhibited by L-NAME(10(-4) M), but the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05). Ginsenosides(400microgram/mL for 7 min) increased the accumulation of cGMP. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ginsenosides have a relaxing effect on rabbit vaginal smooth muscle. This effect is at least in part mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway.
Acetylcholine ; China ; Far East ; Ginsenosides* ; Korea ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Nitric Oxide ; Panax ; Radioimmunoassay ; Relaxation* ; Vagina