10 samples of Colgate dentifrice marketed in Vietnam were analysed in this study. The total fluoride content of each sample was determined by measuring the voltage of level-known standard solutions and that of sample test solutions, using Fluoride Selective Electrodes. The results revealed that total fluoride content of these samples is high, stable and not lower than level of 1,000 - 1,200 ppm in samples.
Fluorides ; Dentifrices

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate dentifrices in reducing gingivitis and tooth abrasiveness and improving tooth gloss, as compared to a conventional fluoride/silica-containing dentifrice. METHODS: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical study with a paralleled design, 73 healthy adult volunteers (age, 18-39 years), with more than 20 teeth were selected and randomly allocated to the following groups: a control group, a 35% baking soda group, and a 65% baking soda group. Professional plaque controls were provided to all subjects and the same control dentifrice was used for 14 days. At baseline, all subjects received an assigned dentifrice and were instructed to brush three times daily. The tooth gloss and gingival bleeding index were measured at baseline, 45, and 90 days. For measuring surface roughness, toothbrushes were replaced with electronic tooth-brushing machines, and the bovine specimen was brushed via 10,000 horizontal shuttle movements. The surface roughness was measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; Carl Zeiss, LSM-5 Pascal, Germany) Each variable was analyzed by the paired t-test, and change in each variable among groups was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Reliability of the gloss was analyzed by an intra-class correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, the 65% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice group showed significant improvement with regard to the tooth gloss for 90 days as well as a significant inhibitory effect on gingivitis; the 35% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice group, however, showed no inhibitory effect on gingivitis. The relative roughness of the tooth surface in the dentifrices of both the sodium bicarbonate dentifrice groups was significantly low. Further, there was no significant difference with the distilled water group. CONCLUSIONS: The sodium bicarbonate dentifrice has an inhibitory effect on gingivitis. Further, this dentifrice showed low abrasiveness and a glossing effect on teeth.
Adult ; Dentifrices* ; Gingivitis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Sodium Bicarbonate* ; Tooth* ; Volunteers ; Water

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of particle size and morphology on zinc cation adsorption by hydroxyapatite (HA) and dentifrice containing HA.

METHODSFour HAs with different particle sizes and morphologies, HA-containing dentifrice and blank dentifrice were prepared into suspensions of serial concentrations. Zinc ion solutions with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L was mixed with the suspensions and kept for 24 h for adsorption reaction. The zinc ion concentration in the supernatant was measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer and the sorption rate of zinc ion was calculated.

RESULTSHA and HA-containing dentifrice with various particle sizes and morphologies were all capable of absorbing zinc ions from simulated waste water, and the adsorption rate of HA-containing dentifrice was 3%-10% higher than that of HA. HA with a particle size of 12 µm and a spherical morphology showed the strongest adsorption ability, followed by short bar-shaped HA with a particle size of 30 µm. Both Langmuir and Freundlich equation could simulate the sorption processes of HA dentifrice, while only Langmuir equation could simulate the sorption processes of HA.

CONCLUSIONIncorporation of HA in dentifrice can enhance zinc ion adsorption capacity of the material. The particle size and morphology of HA both affect the adsorption of zinc ions, and 12-µm HA particle with a spherical morphology has the best adsorption ability.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the capability of quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) for monitoring the remineralization of lesions lengthways and distinguishing the effect of different fluorides.

METHODSFollowing baseline early caries examination, 305 school students (age from 11 to 14 years old)were qualified from Chengdu area. The schools in which the subjects studied were randomized into three groups: NaF group, MFP group and nonfluoride group. The subjects of three groups brushed the teeth with 1450 mg/L sodium fluoride dentifrice, 1450 mg/L sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice and non-fluoride dentifrice, respectively. QLF images of early lesions on smooth surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth were taken at baseline, three and six months after the initiation of experiment. These images were analyzed by the trained examiner with the area of lesion (Area), fluorescence loss (deltaF) and gross fluorescence loss quantity (deltaQ).

RESULTS296 school students completed the study. After three months, the lesions on smooth surfaces got better in all three groups. The change of Area, deltaF and lg deltaQ amongst three groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05). After six months, the lesions on smooth surfaces also got better in all three groups than at baseline. The change of Area, deltaF and lg deltaQ of the lesions in NaF group and MFP group exhibited significant decreases than that of no-fluoride dentifrice group (P<0.05). But no significantly difference was found between NaF group and MFP group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAs a diagnostic method which could quantify the miner content, QLF system has the capability of monitoring the variations of lesions lengthways.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste for patients who received periodontal therapy and felt hypersensiptivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After application of toothpaste, patients were evaluated for VAS(Visual Analog scale) scores to a cold stimulate on baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks. VAS scores were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows. 1. VAS scores in control group on baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were 5.39+/-2.05, 4.75+/-2.00, 4.21+/-1.75. 2. VAS scores in experimental group on baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were 5.61+/-2.37, 4.81+/-2.46, 4.08+/-2.54. 3. Decrease of VAS scores on hypersensitivity after 1week was 0.64+/-0.49(p<.0001) in control group, 0.80+/-1.65 (p<.0001) in experimental group. 4. Decrease of VAS scores on hypersensitivity after 4weeks was 1.18+/-1.60(p<.0001) in control group, 1.53+/-1.88 (p<.0001) in experimental group. 5. When compared, decrease of VAS scores after 1 week between 2 groups were not statistically different(p=0.2622). 6. When compared, decrease of VAS scores after 4 weeks between 2 groups were not statistically different(p=0.1219). CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste have the similar effect with pre-existing proven dentifrice for relieving teeth hypersensitivity.
Cold Temperature ; Dentifrices ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Tooth ; Toothpastes

In this study, sections of twenty eight teeth were used to investigate the effect of topical application of 8% stannous fluoride on the decalcification rate of enamel surfaces stripped in a manner suggested for orthodontic purpose. The enamel treated with a single application of a fluoride had a significantly lower tile rate of decalcification for the first 96 hours to lactate buffer solution. After double application of fluoride, decalcification rate decreased signicantly. This study suggested that the continuing protection of stripped surfaces should be sought by regularly scheduled treatment of the enamel with the topical application of fluoride and regular use of a fluoride containing dentifrice.
Dental Enamel* ; Dentifrices ; Fluorides ; Lactic Acid ; Tin Fluorides* ; Tooth

In this study, total fluoride (TF) in commercial toothpastes for children in Korea was evaluated and compared with the fluoride concentration declared by the manufacturer (Declared F). Additionally, total soluble fluoride (TSF) was evaluated and compared with TF.Ten toothpastes were coded with letters to allow blind analysis. For evaluation of TF, each toothpaste was homogenized in deionized water. For evaluation of TSF, each toothpaste was centrifuged and then, the supernatant of the sample was evaluated. Fluoride concentrations were assessed using a fluoride electrode coupled to an ion analyzer.Only one toothpaste showed lower TF concentration than Declared F. In all toothpastes, TSF was similar to the TF.
Child ; Dentifrices ; Electrodes ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Korea ; Toothpastes ; Water

PURPOSE: This in vitro study was performed to assess the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a resorbable blast media (RBM) titanium surface pretreated with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush and to evaluate the effects of the treatment of the RBM titanium discs on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing by crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: RBM titanium discs were pretreated with one of several ultrasonic scaler tips or cleaned with a toothbrush. Then the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis and the quantity of adherent bacteria was compared. The disc surfaces incubated with bacteria were brushed with a toothbrush with dentifrice. Bacteria remaining on the disc surfaces were quantified. RESULTS: A change in morphology of the surface of the RBM titanium discs after different treatments was noted. There were no significant differences in the adherence of bacteria on the pretreated discs according to the treatment modality. Pretreatment with various instruments did not produce significant differences in the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing with dentifrice. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, various types of mechanical instrumentation were shown to cause mechanical changes on the RBM titanium surface but did not show a significant influence on the adherence of bacteria and removal efficiency of brushing.
Bacteria ; Dental Scaling ; Dentifrices ; Gentian Violet ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Surface Properties ; Titanium* ; Toothbrushing ; Ultrasonics*

The vermilion border of the lips has a modifed epithelium, which is much more likely to develop allergic contact sensitivity reactions than oral mucosa. Allergens in contact with both the oral mucosa and the lips oftens produce only cheilitis. Allergic contact cheilitis may result from topical medicaments, dentifrices, cosmetics, foods, plants or metals. We present six cases of allergic contact cheilitis confirmed by patch test. The toot4paste was incriminated in 2 cases, the lipstick in 3 cases and the bubble gum in one rase as producing chelitis respectively.
Allergens ; Cheilitis* ; Dentifrices ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Epithelium ; Gingiva ; Lip ; Metals ; Mouth Mucosa ; Patch Tests

This study examined the relationship between oral health behaviors and in senior citizens to determine how to improve their happiness index. The subjects in this study were 260 senior citizens aged 65 years or older, who resided in North Jeolla Province. A survey was conducted from June 17 to 30, 2016. The happiness index of elderly people who brushed their teeth more often and had dental checkups on a regular basis was significantly higher (p<0.05). Evaluation of subfactors associated with quality of life related to oral health showed significant differences in functional disturbances according to gender, age, the presence or absence of a spouse, and the use or nonuse of dentifrice (p<0.05). Physical pain significantly varied with the presence or absence of a spouse, educational level, monthly mean allowance, and regular dental checkups (p<0.05); significant differences were found in psychological discomfort according to gender, tooth brushing frequency, and regular dental checkups (p<0.05). There were significant differences in declining physical capacity according to gender, age, educational level, and monthly mean allowance (p<0.05); waning mental capacity significantly differed with age, living alone or with another person, the presence or absence of a spouse, and regular dental checkups (p<0.05). The factors that influenced the happiness index in senior citizens were age, living alone or with another person, educational level, monthly mean allowance and the Oral Health Impact Profile score (p<0.05). The study showed that measures are needed to improve the quality of life and happiness index in elderly people, including the development of oral health programs for this population.
Aged* ; Dentifrices ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Morinda ; Oral Health* ; Quality of Life ; Spouses ; Tooth