1.Investigation of oral bacteria in Vietnam dental plaque
Journal of Vietnamese Medicine 2003;287(8):11-17
The samples of dental deposit plaque collected from 30 people in the faculty of Natural Science were stained by Gram technique. A bacterial prosperious component was detected including Gram (+) cocci, Gram (-) cocci, red and thin cell, red and long cell, straight and curved Gram (-) cells, thin spinal cells … Microorganism population on the deposit plaque under the gun includes bacteria, cocci, and spirochaetes. 3 genera were determined including Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces, with a highest incidence of Streptococcus. The representative genus has the characteristic similar to Streptococcus mutans and it seems that it plays an important role leading to caries
Dental Plaque
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Bacteria
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Dental Care
2.The effect of sodium bicarbonate abrasives in toothpaste on dental plaque removal: A pilot study.
Ma. Celina U. GARCIA ; Maria Carmela S. SANTIAGO ; Narecia J. VELASCO
Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development 2018;22(2):35-42
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The role of dental plaque as the etiology of caries and periodontal diseases has long been established. Therefore, plaque control is central to the prevention and management of these oral diseases. Among the different means of self-performed plaque control, brushing is the most essential. Moreover, toothpaste is a common adjunct during tooth brushing, as its abrasive contents are believed to enhance plaque removal. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of plaque removal when brushing with a sodium bicarbonate abrasive-containing toothpaste, compared to brushing using an abrasive-free toothpaste.
METHODS: Twelve students from the University of the Philippines College of Dentistry participated in the study. The subjects discontinued all oral hygiene measures for a minimum of 48 hours. Using the Modified Bass technique, they performed tooth brushing for two minutes, using either an abrasive-free or abrasive containing toothpaste. Toothpaste allocation was randomized via fishbowl method. Pre-brushing and post brushing plaque scores were recorded using the Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index. A washout period of 11 days was implemented before crossover to the second round, wherein employed toothpastes were switched. The difference in plaque reduction between the two kinds of toothpaste was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Overall plaque reductions were 75% for the abrasive-free toothpaste and 73% for the abrasive-containing toothpaste. The difference between the toothpaste was statistically insignificant (p=0.48). Therefore, based on the study, brushing with a sodium bicarbonate abrasive-containing toothpaste resulted in similar levels of plaque removal, compared to brushing with an abrasive-free toothpaste. There is insufficient evidence that abrasives in toothpaste result in more effective dental plaque removal.
Dental Plaque ; Oral Health
3.Comparison of traditional dental plaque indices with real stained plaque area.
Ji Soo KIM ; Yong Hoon YANG ; Eun Joo JUN ; Jin Bom KIM ; Seung Hwa JEONG
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2017;41(4):262-266
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare Plaque Percent Index (PPI), calculated by Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHPI), Rustogi's modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), and the Quigley & Hein Plaque Index (QHPI), with visual assessment. METHODS: Ninety-six subjects, aged between 30–65 years, were examined; twenty subjects were included in the final analysis. The subjects' teeth were stained and photographed. Dental coloring and intraoral camera photography were performed by a single examiner. The oral images obtained were analyzed using Image J to measure the area of dental plaque. The values of PHPI, RMNPI, and QHPI were calculated twice. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of the correlation analyses of PPI with PHPI, QHPI, and RMNPI were as follows: for PHPI, the correlation coefficient (r)=0.584; for QHPI, r=0.689; and for RMNPI, r=0.729. Further, the kappa indices of PHPI, QHPI, and RMNPI were 0.810, 0.677, and 0.590 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Among RMNPI, QHPI, and PHPI dental plaque indices, RMNPI and QHPI showed a high degree of correlation with the actual stained dental plaque area; on the other hand, PHPI showed the highest kappa index.
Dental Plaque Index*
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Dental Plaque*
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Hand
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Humans
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Hygiene
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Photography
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Tooth
4.Comparison of periodontal indices and Porphyromonas gingivalis between conventional and self-ligating brackets.
Jing SHI ; Yuxin LIU ; Jingqiu HOU ; Zhengbin YAN ; Hui PENG ; Xing CHANG
West China Journal of Stomatology 2013;31(3):228-231
OBJECTIVETo compare the periodontal indices and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) between the use of self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets.
METHODSThirty patients were divided into 2 groups(n=15). Self-ligating brackets were used in the experimental group. Conventional brackets were used in the control group. Clinical periodontal indices, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) of observed teeth were examined at three different time points: Before orthodontic treatment, the first month after treatment and the third month after treatment. Subgingival plaques were collected simultaneously at each time point. The number of total bacteria and P. gingivalis in each sample were detectd and quantitated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the percentage of P. gingivalis in total bacteria was obtained.
RESULTSBefore treatment, the periodontal indices and the percentage of P. gingivalis in total bacteria had no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After 1 and 3 months respectively, the periodontal indices and the percentage of P. gingivalis in total bacteria increased with time (P<0.05) and were obviously lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONCompared with conventional brackets, the self-ligating brackets are better for periodontal health. But it is adverse effect on oral health.
Dental Plaque ; Dental Plaque Index ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Porphyromonas gingivalis
5.Human oral microbial community and dental plaque biofilm.
West China Journal of Stomatology 2010;28(2):115-118
Dental plaque is structurally a kind of biofilm which contains a variety of micro-organisms. The interreaction of oral micro-organisms may affect the nature, forms, and toxicity of the dental plaque biofilm, as well as the localization and field planting of bacteria inside the biofilm. The signal transduction existed between the bacterium has an important effect on the formation and virulence of bacterial biofilm. This reviewing paper focuses on the latest research progress of human oral microbial community and dental plaque biofilm.
Bacteria
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Bacterial Adhesion
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Biofilms
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Dental Plaque
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Humans
6.Determination of organic acids in dental plaque with high performance liquid chromatography.
Xiao-li ZOU ; Hong-yan ZENG ; Ci-ling YAN ; Wan-chun ZHU ; Ji-yao LI
West China Journal of Stomatology 2008;26(5):470-472
OBJECTIVETo establish determination method of formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid in dental plaque with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
METHODSAfter the samples were centrifuged, 2 microL supernatant was transferred to a 1 mL centrifuge tube and diluted in water, then was determined with HPLC. The mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol (97:3) as mobile phase throughout the experiment. The determination of organic acid was performed on Phenomenex C18 column and at their maximum absorption wave.
RESULTSThe linear ranges of formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid were 0.110-500, 0.049-500, 0.047-500, 0.084-500 microg/mL. The detection limits were 0.110, 0.049, 0.047, 0.084 microg/mL. The relative standard derivation were 9.5%, 7.9%, 4.3%, 4.2%. The average recoveries of samples were 82%-112%, 82%-102.5%, 90%-115%, 80%-110%.
CONCLUSIONThe method was simple, quick and adapt for analysis of organic acid in dental plaque.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dental Plaque ; Formates
7.A study on the change of streptococcus mutans in dental plaque after use of 0.05% NaF in orthodontic patients.
Korean Journal of Orthodontics 1997;27(4):539-548
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gargling solution with 0.05% NaF and 10% Xylitol in orthodontic patients with fixed appliance. The sample consisted of 20 patients who were classified into an experimental group and a control group, 10 patients each. Experimental group was used experimental gargling solution and the control group was used with placebo solution. The results were as follows. 1. There were significant reduction in the number of S. mutans C.F.U. between pre and post 3 weeks(p<0.01), 9 weeks(p<0.05) in experimental group. 2. There were significant reduction in the ration of S. mutans C.F.U. to total C.F.U between pre and post 3, 6, 9 weeks(p<0.01) in experimental group. 3. S. mutans, which were reduced until 3 weeks, did not show significant change after 3, 6, 9 weeks. 4. S. mutans were strongly suppressed until 3 weeks after gargling solution with 0.05% NaF and 10% Xylitol.
Dental Plaque*
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Humans
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Streptococcus mutans*
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Streptococcus*
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Xylitol
8.The plaque-removing efficacy of a single-tufted brush on the lingual and buccal surfaces of the molars.
Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science 2011;41(3):131-134
PURPOSE: To test the plaque-removal efficacy of a single-tufted toothbrush on the posterior molars compared with a flat-trimmed toothbrush. METHODS: Forty-nine subjects were selected. Professional instruction and written brushing instructions were given. After thorough supra-gingival scaling and polishing, all subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours prior to the first experiment. The subjects were randomized to a treatment sequence. The modified Quigley and Hein plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing, at 6 surfaces of the posterior molars. After a wash-out period, all the remaining plaque was removed professionally. Twenty-four hours of brushing abstinence was again performed. The plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing after the subjects were given the second toothbrush in the cross-over sequence. RESULTS: The percentage reductions in plaque scores achieved with the single-tufted brushes were significantly higher than those of the flat-trimmed brush at the maxillary buccal interproximal, marginal and mandibular lingual interproximal site. The other locations showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study implied that the single-tufted brush could be an effective tool for the removal of plaque at some, but not all, sites of the posterior molars.
Dental Equipment
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Dental Plaque
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Molar
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Oral Hygiene
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Toothbrushing
9.Effects of different beverages on plaque pH of different caries-sensitive children.
Yuan LIU ; Jing ZOU ; Ran SHANG
West China Journal of Stomatology 2006;24(5):415-418
OBJECTIVETo compare the impacts of different beverages on plaque pH of caries-sensitive and caries-free children and to evaluate the applicability of in situ pH measurements in human dental plaque using Beetrode microelectrode.
METHODSThe subjective population consisted of 20 children (aged 3-5 years). Ten of them were caries-free(dmft = 0); the other were caries-active (dmft > 4). The dental plaque pH were measured in situ with a pH microelectrode within 1 h after drinking three different beverages respectively. Then the resting pH value (pHrest), minimum pH value (pHmin), the range of the pH (deltapH) was analyzed by ANOVA. Results There was a significant difference in pHrest between caries-free and caries-sensitive children. All the pH responses in the plaque following drinking three different beverages showed a classic Stephan-type response. The differences of the pHmin, deltapH in sound sites were no statistic significance (P > 0.05) after drinking beverages in caries-free children. However the changes in the caries-sensitive group were more pronounced than the non-caries group. There were significant differences on the pHmin, deltapH among different beverages (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONThe cariogenicity of plaque in caries-active children was stronger than that of the caries-free group. Different beverages have different potential cariogenicity.
Beverages ; Child ; Dental Caries ; Dental Plaque ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
10.Minimal intervention dentistry: a vision of caries management for older patients. II.
Bing-feng CHU ; Ying ZHANG ; Hong-chen LIU
West China Journal of Stomatology 2010;28(1):9-12
Minimal intervention dentistry (MID) is a new approach to caries management in older patients, which emphasize on early discussion, early diagnosis and early treatment. It focuses on stopping the disease process and patient-friendly surgical intervention only when required. Geriatric MID can improve oral ecological balance, lower caries risk, reverse dental caries process and reduce the pain when surgical intervention required. It can help clinicians in coping with erosion, abrasion, demineralization, rampant dental caries, retained roots, recurrent caries, subgingival caries, "wet" oral environment, salivary dysfunction, high plaque levels, swollen or bleeding gum and poor compliance in older patients. This article mainly describes the application of MID in surgical intervention of dental caries, including the strategies for caries removal, cavity preparation, choice of biology material, management of erosion and abrasion, "wet" subgingival environment and vital pulp therapy.
Aged, 80 and over
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Dental Caries
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Dental Plaque
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Dentistry
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Humans