PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of the LOGICON Caries Detector using RVG-4 and RVG-ui sensors, by comparing results of each detector to the results of clinical and histological examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pairs of extracted teeth were radiographed, and a total of 57 proximal surfaces, which included both carious and non-carious situations, were analyzed. The RVG-4 produced 8-bit images, while the RVG-ui unit produced 12-bit images, which were taken in the high sensitivity mode. The images produced by the LOGICON were evaluated by a trained observer using both automated and manual caries detection software modes. Ground sections of the teeth established the actual absence or existence of caries. RESULTS: LOGICON-aided caries detection and depth discrimination of the RVG-4 and RVG-ui sensors were equally inconsistent irrespective of whether the LOGICON software was set to the automated or manual mode. Sensitivity ranged from 50% to 57% for caries penetration of the enamel-dentin junction. CONCLUSION: Care needs to be taken when using LOGICON in conjunction with RVG images as an adjunct for treatment planning dental caries. Even when applied by a trained observer, substantial discrepancies exist between the results of the LOGICON software-guided evalutations using RVG images and histologic examination.
Dental Caries ; Diagnosis* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Tooth

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Discrimination between mucosal and submucosal colorectal cancer is important because of different therapeutic plan. Although many characteristic endoscopic findings suggesting submucosal cancer were demonstrated, there are few reports about diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement among experienced endoscopists. So we studied about diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement about the diagnosis of submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma by endoscopic findings. METHODS: Fifty patients (58% male, mean age 64 years) diagnosed pathologically as early colorectal carcinoma after polypectomy and operation were randomly selected. Fifteen cases were submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Three experienced endoscopists (A, B and C) blinded to the patient's data reviewed photographs. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy of submucosal cancer by A, B and C were 82%, 74% and 78%, respectively. A to B and A to C showed moderate agreement in the diagnosis of submucosal invasion (kappa=0.504 and kappa=0.649). However, agreement power between B and C was somewhat weak (kappa=0.298). Among endoscopic findings, three experts strongly agreed on the features of white spots, hemorrhage and exudate (kappa=0;73, kappa=0.649 and kappa=0.641, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of submucosal colorectal carcinoma was moderate among three experts. More meticulous effort to improve interobserver agreement and accuracy in the diag- nosis of submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma is mandatory.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Dental Caries ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Exudates and Transudates ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the differences in temperament between children with early childhood caries (ECC) and an age-matched children without ECC.

METHODSA total of 219 3-year-old children were selected in urban areas of Beijing, who were physically and mentally healthy. There were 109 children in ECC group, who had unfilled caries in 1 or more surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth, and 110 children without caries. The children were examined for ECC levels, and their parents were asked to complete the NYLS Temperament Scale questionnaire. Then the data was collected and analyzed.

RESULTSChildren with difficult, intermediate high or slow-to-warm-up temperament had more severe caries than children with easy or intermediate low temperament. There was a significant difference in temperament attribute "Activity level" between male children with ECC and without ECC. There was a significant difference in temperament attribute "Rhythmicity" between female children with ECC and without ECC.

CONCLUSIONSThere were some differences in temperament between 3-year-old children with ECC and without ECC in urban areas of Beijing.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Temperament

This study investigated factors affecting the subjective experience of oral symptoms among 2,285 elementary school students in the fourth and sixth grades using the Korean survey on the Health of Youth and Children in 2010. After conducting chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, we performed multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the factors affecting children's experience of oral symptoms. We found that the factors most frequently associated with the subjective experience of more oral symptoms were lower tooth brushing frequency, greater intake of foods that cause dental caries, higher stress levels, and lower levels of support from friends. In conclusion, determinants of children's oral health, such as children's oral health behaviors and psychological factors must be considered in a multifaceted approach to developing programs to promote oral health among children.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dental Caries ; Friends ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Psychology* ; Social Determinants of Health ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that there are parents who do not take children with untreated dental caries to a dental clinic, few studies have been conducted to identify the responsible underlying social and family factors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors are associated with dental neglect in elementary school children. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2016 with 1655 children from the Super Shokuiku School Project in Toyama. Using Breslow's seven health behaviors, the survey assessed: the grade, sex, and lifestyle of the children; parental internet and game use and lifestyle; socioeconomic status. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having untreated dental caries were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the children participating, 152 (3.2%) had untreated dental caries. Among them, 53 (34.9%) had not been taken to a dental clinic despite the school dentist's advice. Dental neglect was significantly associated with children in higher grades (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.14-3.78), father's Internet and game use ≥ 2 h/day (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.02-3.88), not being affluent (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.14-6.81), and non-engagement in afterschool activities (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.10-3.62). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status was the strongest factor associated with dental neglect despite the fact that the children's medical expenses are paid in full by the National Health Insurance in Toyama, Japan. Future studies should investigate what factors prevent parents of non-affluent families from taking their children to dental clinics and how they can be socially supported to access adequate medical care.
Age Factors ; Child ; Dental Caries/psychology* ; Female ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Life Style ; Male ; Prevalence ; Social Class

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the continuous dental care program of the Community Child Center in Gangneung city by evaluating one-year outcomes and determining the reasons for dropout. METHODS: A total of 180 children in the study group were provided with continuous dental care in 2008. The control group consisted of 131 children whose 2009 dental records from Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The outcome of dental caries prevention was evaluated by prevalence rates and number of decayed teeth. The evaluation of dental care outcome was based on cost and frequency of dental care. A chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess differences between the study group and the control group. In addition, the dropout rate and the reasons for dropout by the time of dental service supply were investigated for 427 children who participated in this program in 2010. RESULTS: Dental caries prevention results of the study group were better than those of the control group, but significant differences were found only in the dt rates of girls (P<0.001). The average frequency of dental care per child in the study group was lower than that of the control group. The average cost of dental care per child was 56,910 won per boy in the study group, 124,893 won per boy in the control group, 71,657 won per girl in the study group, and 127,296 won per girl in the control group. Significant differences in dental care results were found for both boys and girls (P<0.05). The reasons for dropout were leaving the center, absence, use of another dental clinic, parents' or child's rejection of the program, and disability. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, we could logically assume that promoting oral health and reducing the cost of dental care might be achieved through the introduction of a continuous dental care program for vulnerable children and adolescents in the community.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dental Care ; Dental Caries ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Records ; Humans ; Logic ; Oral Health ; Patient Dropouts ; Prevalence ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical effects of preventing dental fear (DF) by pre-operation-education or local anesthesia method during the process of tooth filling.

METHODS150 school children, aged 7 to 12, participated present study. All of them suffered from occlusal caries on their mandibular first permanent molars. They were divided into 3 equal groups, and each had 50, 25 boys and 25 girls. Group1 (pre-operation-education): taking about 1 hour to show them science and educational video tape on caries, then, clinic environment, including machine and instruments, and answering their questions; Group2 (local anesthesia): about 15 minutes before treatment, injecting 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine for local anesthesia; Group3 (blank): without any measurements for DF. After that, all subjects accepted same filling treatment as usual. DF of each case was evaluated by 3 evaluators blindly based on venham's clinical ratings of anxiety and cooperative.

RESULTSSignificant difference was found between groups (0.57 +/- 0.59, 0.83 +/- 0.66, 1.05 +/- 0.68, H = 18.646, P = 0.0001), also in DF rate (10%, 18% and 42%, chi(2) = 15.5031, P = 0.0004). But not between groups 1 and 2.

CONCLUSIONDuring decayed tooth filling treatment, pre-operation-education is better than that of local anesthesia method, in DF prevention.

Anesthetics, Local ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Dental Anxiety ; prevention & control ; Dental Caries ; psychology ; therapy ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods ; psychology ; Education, Dental ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Molar ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of mothers' involvement in a dental health program for their elementary school children. METHODS: This study was a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design in which knowledge and behaviors related to dental health, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy and plaque control scores were compared between the experimental group (n=26) for whom the dental health program included the direct involvement of the mothers, and the control group (n=24) for whom knowledge related to dental health was provided through brochures. RESULTS: Scores for the experimental group in which the mothers were involved in the dental health program were significantly higher for knowledge, behaviors in dental health, self-efficacy and plaque control compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that mothers involvement in the dental health program is effective in reinforcing dental health enhancing behavior in elementary school children.
Child ; Dental Caries ; Dental Plaque/prevention & control ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Oral Health ; Pamphlets ; Program Evaluation ; Self Efficacy

The modern era of microbial genome analysis began in earnest in the 2000s with the generalization of metagenomics and gene sequencing techniques. Studying complex microbial community such as oral cavity and colon by a pure culture is considerably ineffective in terms of cost and time. Therefore, various techniques for genomic analysis have been developed to overcome the limitation of the culture method and to explore microbial communities existing in the natural environment at the gene level. Among these, DNA fingerprinting analysis and microarray chip have been used extensively; however, the most recent method of analysis is metagenomics. The study summarily examined the overview of metagenomics analysis techniques, as well as domestic and foreign studies on disease genomics and cluster analysis related to oral metagenome. The composition of oral bacteria also varies across different individuals, and it would become possible to analyze what change occurs in the human body depending on the activity of bacteria living in the oral cavity and what causality it has with diseases. Identification, isolation, metabolism, and presence of functional genes of microorganisms are being identified for correlation analysis based on oral microbial genome sequencing. For precise diagnosis and treatment of diseases based on microbiome, greater effort is needed for finding not only the causative microorganisms, but also indicators at gene level. Up to now, oral microbial studies have mostly involved metagenomics, but if metatranscriptomic, metaproteomic, and metabolomic approaches can be taken together for assessment of microbial genes and proteins that are expressed under specific conditions, then doing so can be more helpful for gaining comprehensive understanding.
Bacteria ; Colon ; Dental Caries ; Diagnosis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Genes, Microbial ; Genome, Microbial ; Genomics ; Human Body ; Metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Methods ; Microbiota ; Mouth

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between psychological distress and oral health status/oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in Japanese community-dwelling people. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Nagasaki Islands Study. A total of 1183 (455 men and 728 women) has been analyzed in this study. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Oral health status was measured by dental examination. The OHQoL was measured using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). We defined the total score of ≥5 points on the K6 as high psychological distress (high-K6 group). RESULTS: The multiple linear regression analysis to identify the GOHAI showed that gender, K6, the total number of teeth, the number of dental caries, and visiting a dental clinic within the past 6 months significantly associated with the GOHAI. Among all of these variables, high-K6 (≥ 5) was a substantial contributing factor of the GOHAI (β = - 0.23, 95% Cl - 2.31 to -1.41, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS It is likely that the individual with high psychological distress was strongly related to poor OHQoL even in the general population.
Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dental Caries/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Independent Living/statistics & numerical data* ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oral Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Quality of Life/psychology* ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology*