OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate factors related to the periodontal health of 12-year-old children.METHODS: In 2015, the Korean Children's Oral Health Survey from the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare conducted a nationwide representative sample comprised of 23,702 12-year-old children. The calibration-trained dentists examined the gingivitis and dental calculus of the children taking into consideration of the Löe and Silness gingival index to diagnose gingivitis with a modified gingivitis scale. We used questionnaires to collect data from the children on dental treatments, the experience of dental pain and gingival bleeding, self-perceived oral health, and oral health behaviors. Data were analyzed using a complex samples Chi-square test, general linear model, and logistic regression. Significance was determined at P < 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of gingivitis was higher among males (OR 1.57), among children with poor perception (OR 1.19), dental calculus (OR 3.68), or gingival bleeding experience (OR 2.00), and among children not using dental floss (OR 1.69) or tongue cleaner (OR 1.90). The prevalence of dental calculus was higher among children with gingivitis (OR 3.82) and among children who had not visited a dental clinic in the preceding year (OR 1.31). However, dental calculus was lower among children with a higher frequency of daily toothbrushing (OR 0.75), intake of cariogenic foods (OR 0.90), or a higher DMFT index (OR 0.91).CONCLUSIONS: Children with dental calculus and gingival bleeding who did not visit a dental clinic in the preceding year also had a higher prevalence of gingivitis and dental calculus. The prevalence of children's dental calculus was lower among children with a high frequency of daily toothbrushing.
Child ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Devices, Home Care ; Dentists ; Gingivitis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Index ; Prevalence ; Social Welfare ; Tongue ; Toothbrushing

The purpose of this study was to develop effective dental hygiene chews for cats based on the anatomical features of the dentition and patterns of chewing motion. All cats were volunteered for dental prophylaxis followed by dental impressions using yellow stone and alginate under general anesthesia. Twenty parameters related to dentition were defined in order to compare dental impressions using digital caliper. For the chewing motion study, patterns of chewing motion were identified based on recordings made with a digital camera. Ten cats (4 domestic shorthairs, 2 Russian blues, 1 American shorthair, 1 Persian, 1 Turkish Angora, and 1 Devon Rex) were recruited for the study. The parameters related to teeth and oral size were similar among the studied cats. Chewing motion can be described as more of a guillotine-like motion rather than a crushing motion, with cats chewing 3–7 times before swallowing. The chewing pattern of cats involves shearing for a short period of time followed by immediate swallowing. Therefore, the overall size of the dental hygiene chew could be determined based on the measurement of the oral size for inducing chewing. The surface details of the dental hygiene chew could be designed for prevention and removal of dental calculus and plaque in cats considering the anatomical teeth parameters. Dental hygiene chews customized for cats considering the different anatomical features of their teeth might be effective for oral care.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Cats ; Deglutition ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Prophylaxis ; Dentition ; Gingiva ; Mastication ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of the active ingredients of dentifrice following treatment time. The whitening effect was evaluated by a change in lightness value relative to the contact time of hydrogen peroxide, by using artificially stained hydroxyapatite discs. The anti-calculus effect was assessed based on the amount of calcium eluted from the human dental calculus by sodium pyrophosphate. Remineralization was evaluated by the Vickers hardness test following the application of sodium fluoride to bovine enamel. In order to view dentinal tubules occlusion, the formation of insoluble calcium salts by bovine dentin specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Change in lightness value (ΔL) was 5.50±1.51 after 1 min of treatment, 5.73±0.43 after 3 min, 8.64±0.24 after 10 min, 18.93±0.76 after 30 min, and 27.35±0.54 after 60 min. The amount of calcium eluted from the human dental calculus was 4.23±0.14 ppm after 1 min of treatment, 4.51±0.04 ppm after 3 min, 12.12±0.16 ppm after 10 min, 17.85±0.81 ppm after 30 min, and 25.15±0.32 ppm after 60 min. The Vickers hardness change value (ΔVHN) was 1.96±1.44 after 1 min, 1.52±1.06 after 3 min, 9.06±0.15 after 10 min, 10.83±5.13 after 30 min, and 12.55±2.09 after 60 min. Partial dentinal tubules occlusion was observed at 10 min and complete occlusion was evident at 60 min. In summary, the use of patch type dentifrices for 10, 30, or 60 min were 1.57 to 8.26 times more effective than using the paste type dentifrices for 1 to 3 min. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to expect that the use of patch type dentifrices for 10 min would lead to remineralization, anti-calculus and dentinal tubules occlusion effects, and that use for 30 min would result in a whitening effect.
Calcium ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Enamel ; Dentifrices* ; Dentin ; Durapatite ; Hardness ; Hardness Tests ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Salts ; Sodium ; Sodium Fluoride

OBJECTIVETo provide basic data for the prevention of oral diseases in minorities by investigating the oral health status and behavior related to oral health knowledge of individuals aged 35 to 44 years in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur.

METHODSThe caries and periodontal health of 445 individuals aged 35 to 44 years were examined according to the method and criterion prescribed by the World Health Organization and the Third National Oral Health Epidemiologic Investigation. A questionnaire survey on related oral health knowledge and behavior was conducted.

RESULTSThe crown caries prevalence rate in Dongxiang, Baoan, and Yugur were 48.28%, 79.47%, and 67.11%, respectively; the root caries prevalence rates were 38.62%, 69.54%, and 42.95%, respectively. The rates of gum bleeding in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 86.90%, 90.07%, and 65.77%, respectively. The rates of dental calculus in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 99.31%, 100.00%, 99.33%, respectively, and the rates of periodontal bags were 68.97%, 67.55%, and 43.62%, respectively. Only 69.84% of the respondents brush their teeth every day; 94.90% of the respondents do not floss. Only 20.19% of the respondents contact a doctor for a toothache, and 42.23% of the respondents have never seen a dentist.

CONCLUSIONCaries morbidity is high among the respondents aged 35 to 44 years from Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur. The periodontal health status and oral hygiene of the respondents are poor, and behavior related to oral health knowledge is insufficient. Thus, more attention must be provided to the prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases among middle-aged people in the area.

Adult ; DMF Index ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: The effects of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric devices on tooth surfaces seem to differ with regard to the root surface roughness they produce. This study aimed to compare the results of scaling using magnetostrictive and piezoelectric devices on extracted teeth. METHODS: Forty-four human extracted teeth were assigned to four study groups (n=11). In two groups (C100 and C200), the teeth were scaled using a magnetostrictive device and two different lateral forces: 100 g and 200 g, respectively. In the other two groups (P100 and P200), the teeth were scaled with a piezoelectric device with 100 g and 200 g of lateral force, respectively. he teeth were scaled and the data on the duration of scaling and the amount of surface were collected and analyzed using the t-test. RESULTS: The mean time needed for instrumentation for the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive devices was 50:54 and 41:10, respectively, but their difference was not statistically significant (P=0.171). For root surface roughness, we only found a statistically significantly poorer result for the C200 group in comparison to the P200 group (P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that applying a piezoelectric scaler with 200 g of lateral force leaves smoother surfaces than a magnetostrictive device with the same lateral force.
Dental Calculus ; Dental Scaling ; Humans ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction ; Ultrasonics

Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis) is a gram positive streptococcus bacteria which is found in the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity and the upper respiratory tract. It has low virulence, but it can cause bacterial endocarditis through the blood circulation when dental calculus are removed from the teeth or during surgical treatment. Septic arthritis caused by S. sanguis has been reported as infecting the sternoclavicular joint and the knee joint, but it is a quite rare infectious disease that has not been reported in Korea. Therefore, the authors report a case of the septic arthritis in the knee joint caused by S. sanguis in a patient with osteoarthritis of the knee, who has the history of periodontitis.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Bacteria ; Blood Circulation ; Communicable Diseases ; Dental Calculus ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Korea ; Mouth ; Osteoarthritis ; Periodontitis ; Respiratory System ; Sternoclavicular Joint ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus sanguis ; Tooth

OBJECTIVETo describe the periodontal condition of population in Qinghai province and provide basic data for the diseases prevention.

METHODSReferring to the guideline for the third national oral health survey, the method of multistage, stratified, equal capacity, simple random sampling was carried out in population of 12, 35-44, and 65-74 years old in Qinghai province. Gingival bleeding, calculus, periodontal pocket and loss of attachment of population were investigated.

RESULTS1) In 12, 35-44, 65-74 age groups, the prevalence of gingival bleeding was 98.74%, 97.84%, 92.23%, the prevalence of calculus was 89.76%, 99.87%, 92.87%. 2) In 35-44 age group, the prevalence of shallow periodontal pocket was 34.64%, the prevalence of deep periodontal pocket was 5.58%. In 65-74 age group, the prevalence of shallow periodontal pocket was 50.45%, the prevalence of deep periodontal pocket was 13.12%. 3) In 35-44 age group, the prevalence of 4-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12 mm or more loss of attachment was 40.74%, 18.78%, 4.82%, 1.78%. In 65-74 age group, the prevalence of 4-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12 mm or more loss of attachment was 71.21%, 51.34%, 20.51%, 7.01%.

CONCLUSIONThe oral health condition of population in Qinghai province is very poor. The periodontal pocket and loss of attachment was severely. The disease prevention should be strengthen in Qinghai province.

Adult ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Health Surveys ; Female ; Gingival Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontal Pocket ; Prevalence

AIMTo find the relationship of periodontal status and dental caries status with oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, among professional students in India.

METHODOLOGYIn a cross sectional study, a total of 825 students (males: 577, females: 248) from six professions were surveyed using a self administered structured questionnaire including 41 multiple choice questions and the WHO Oral Health Assessment Form (1997). The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 13.0 to perform the Student's t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test and Chi-square test, linear regression analysis.

RESULTSThe mean percentage scores of the students for knowledge were 53.25 +/- 15.05; for attitude 74.97 +/- 20.48; and for behavior 59.09 +/- 18.77. The percentage of students with calculus score was found to be significantly high (43.8%). The percentage of professional students with DMFT >4 was 14.1% and the percentage of students with decayed teeth was 46.2%. The regression analysis showed that the oral health behavior of the students was dependent on the attitude (P < 0.001), but showed no significant linear relation with the knowledge. Also, that the mean DMFT score was dependent on the oral health behavior (P < 0.05), but showed no significant relationship with the knowledge and attitude of the students. The periodontal status was independent on the knowledge, but showed a significant relationship with attitude and behavior of the students.

CONCLUSIONA positive attitude and adherence to good oral hygiene behaviors is associated with better oral health.

Attitude to Health ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; DMF Index ; Dental Calculus ; epidemiology ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; Education, Professional ; statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Education, Dental ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; India ; epidemiology ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; statistics & numerical data ; Periodontal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Periodontal Index ; Students ; statistics & numerical data ; Students, Health Occupations ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Fresh dental calculus were scratched and rinsed with distilled water, and then dissolved by HNO3. Simulated body fluid was used as control. Aqueous ammonia was added to step up the pH. FSEM and FI-IR were used to analyze the crystal character of deposition. Turbid occurred when pH = 5.4 and deposition occurred when pH = 5.6. Ribbon-like crystal, which was the same as the crystal in natural dental calculus was observed in experimental group and was evidenced to be hydroxyapatite (HAP) by FT-IR. HAP formation through homogeneous phase redeposition of dissolved dental subgingival calculus may be related with the existing template molecules in dental subgingival calculus resolution, which induce the biomineralization of HAP formation.
Calcinosis ; pathology ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Crystallography ; Dental Calculus ; chemistry ; Dental Plaque ; chemistry ; Gingival Diseases ; etiology ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Users of cosmetics and skin care products often report adverse reactions ranging from itching, stinging and dryness to intense inflammatory responses such as erythema, wheals and rashes. Sensitive skin has been described as a skin type showing higher reactivity than normal skin, and it develops exaggerated reactions when exposed to internal stimulants and external irritants. The alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), naturally occurring organic acids which include lactic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid are all kinds of noncorrosive irritants. The lactic acid sting test is widely accepted as a marker of sensitive skin and is employed for the selection of subjects experiencing invisible sensory irritation. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the results of sting tests conducted on the sensitive and nonsensitive skin group which had been exposed to various kinds of AHAs. METHOD: A total of 50 individuals (25 individuals with a sensitive skin group and 25 individuals with a nonsensitive skin group) were selected by the method of self-assessment questionnaires relating to sensitive skin. The subjects were tested on the face with 2 variables of 5 AHA types ( with or without Hilltop chamber occlusion), at 2 weeks intervals, for a total of 10 times. RESULTS: The positive response rate of stinging in the sensitive skin group was higher than that in the nonsensitive skin group for all tests except the glycolic acid sting test using Hilltop chamber (p<0.05). The mean value of sting scores in the sensitive skin group was higher than that in the nonsensitive skin group for all tests (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sting tests using various kinds of AHAs are a useful method in determining sensitive skin.
Bites and Stings* ; Citric Acid ; Dental Calculus ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Hydroxy Acids* ; Irritants ; Lactic Acid ; Patient Selection ; Pruritus ; Self-Assessment ; Skin Care ; Skin* ; Surveys and Questionnaires