Objective To establish a nerve stem cell model possessing the potentiality of differentiating intoγ-aminobutyric acid neuron-like cells(GABAergic-like cells),and provide eligible investigative vector for study on GABAergic neurons degenerative diseases. Methods Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)was applied to induce human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,and the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP),0.3 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group,0.6 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group,1.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group and 2.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group;the morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells were observed.The Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software was used to measure the length of neurites of the neuron-like cells, and the percentage of the SH-SY5Y cells with neurites longer than 30 μm was calculated. The immunofluorescence cytochemistry technique was utilized to test GAD65 positive cells,and the positive rate of immune response was calculated.Results The results of light microscope observation showed that the cells in control group were polygonal,circular or shuttle type with smooth membrane and clear boundaries. With the increasing of the concentrations of dbcAMP and the prolongation of time,the morphology of SH-SY5Y cells’bodies became smaller with longer processes in dbcAMP groups.The cells interwined each other and showed mature neuron phenotype in 1.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group.Compared with control group(31.4%±4.2%),the percentages of the cell with neurites longer than 30 μm in 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, and 2.0 dbcAMP groups (40.1%± 5.7%, 47.5%± 6.2%, 73.1%±3.2%,and 74.3%± 6.1%)72 h after induction were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with control group (10.2%± 2.1%), the GAD65 positive expression rates in 0.3, 0.6, 1.0,and 2.0 mmol·L-1,dbcAMP groups(22.1%±2.4%,46.9%±3.2%,70.7%±3.4%,and 72.3%±3.7%)72 h after induction were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The SH-SY5Y cells have the potentiality of differentiating into GABAergic-like cells, and 1.0 mmol · L-1 is the optimal concentration of dbcAMP.

Objective To investigate the role of different parenting styles plays in conduct problems of 3-years-old preschool children.Methods Participants were from 148 preschools in Longhua Shenzhen,China.A structured questionnaire covering family demographic characteristics,Conners' Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran-Parents (EMBU-P) were conducted among primary caregivers of each child.There were 9289 valid participants in the analysis and logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between three dimensions of parenting (rejection,emotional warmth and control/overprotection) and conduct problems.Results After allowing for certain confounders,parental rejection (OR =1.17,P＜0.01) and control/overprotection (OR =1.03,P＜0.01) was positively associated with conduct problems and emotional warmth was negatively related to conduct problems (OR=0.98,P＜0.01).Stratified analysis showed a significant relationship between conduct problems and both parents' rejection (OR father=1.16,P＜0.01;OR motber=1.17,P＜0.01),father's emotional warmth (OR=0.96,P＜0.01) and mother's control/overprotection (OR=1.04,P＜0.01).This relationship did not vary between boys and girls and between single and not single children.Conclusion Influence of parenting should be taken into consideration in the prevention and intervention of conduct problems.

Objective To explore the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviors.Methods Children aged about 3 years were enrolled at kindergarten entrance in Longhua district of Shenzhen in 2014.Self-administered questionnaires were completed by their primary caregivers and the information about children' s age,gender,history of preterm birth and low birth weight,parents' education level,parents' reproductive age and family income were collected.The children ASD behaviors were assessed with Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC).According to the cut point of ABC,the children were divided into normal group with score less than 31,sub-clinical group with score ranging from 31 to 61 and suspect clinical group with score no less than 62.After controlling for potential confounders,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the main effects and the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children ASD behaviors.Results Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.48;suspect clinical group:OR=2.85),and maternal folic acid supplement during pregnancy was not related to children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.04;suspect clinical group:OR=0.75).Stratified analysis showed that folic acid supplement during pregnancy was negatively associated with children ASD behaviors (suspect clinical group:OR=0.30) among children without mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy,and that mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy was positively associated with children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.52;suspect clinical group:OR=4.45) among the children whose mothers had folic acid supplement during pregnancy.Furthermore,an interaction effect on children ASD behaviors was found between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy (suspect clinical group:OR=5.30).Conclusion Passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy were related to children ASD behaviors and had an interaction on children ASD behaviors.

AIM: To investigate the effect of intense pulsed light(IPL)combined with meibomian gland massage in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)related dry eye.METHODS: Retrospectively selected 300 cases(300 right eyes)that diagnosed as MGD-related dry eye and treated in our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023, and they were divided into two groups according to the treatment modalities: 150 cases(150 eyes)in the control group were treated with meibomian gland massage, and 150 cases(150 eyes)in the observation group were treated with combined IPL. The efficacy of the two groups was compared, as well as the changes in tear film stability indexes [tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SIT)], ocular surface disease index(OSDI)scores, tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT), mean objective scattering index(OSI), and the levels of inflammatory factors in the tear fluid [interleukin-10(IL-10)and IL-6].RESULTS: There was a difference in efficacy between the two groups of patients after treatment(88% vs 74%, P=0.002). At 8 wk after treatment, OSDI score, OSI, and tear IL-6 levels decreased, while BUT, SIt, LLT, and tear IL-10 levels increased in the two groups, and the observation group was better than the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: IPL combined with meibomian gland massage for the treatment of dry eye patients with MGD is therapeutically effective, improving corneal stability and LLT, and reducing levels of OSI and inflammatory factors.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneous determi nation of six components in Melastoma dodecandrum and investigate its correlation with antioxidant activity. METHODS Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）method was adopted. The contents of gallic acid ，protocatechuic acid ，isovitexin，rutin and ellagic acid in 23 batches of M. dodecandrum were determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker （QAMS）method，using vitexin as the internal reference. Then 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）free radical method ，2，2′-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ） diammonium salt （ABTS）method and ferric ion reduction/antioxidant power （FRAP）method were applied to determine the antioxidant activity of 23 batches of M. dodecandrum . Grey correlation analysis and bivariate correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between six components and antioxidant activity. RESULTS The content of vitexin were 0.021％-0.182％. The contents of gallic acid ，protocatechuic acid ，isovitexin，rutin and ellagic acid by QAMS method were 0.008％-0.042％， 0.003％-0.023％，0.071％-0.283％，0.013％-0.140％ and 0.006％-0.021％，respectively. Compared with the results of external standard method ，P was greater than 0.05. Grey correlation analysis showed that the grey correlation coefficients between the contents of six components an d antioxidant activity was 0.727 6- 0.866 9. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the contents of vitexin ，isovitexin and rutin were positively correlated with antioxidant activity （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），the content of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid were negatively correlated with antioxidant activity （P＜0.05）. There was no significant correlation between ellagic acid and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONS QAMS method is successfully established for the simultaneous determination of six components in M. dodecandrum. The six components in M. dodecandrum are highly correlated with antioxidant activity.