Objective To investgate the role of aquaporin-4(AQP4) in secondary cerebral edema after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods When the models of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion were established, the alterations of cerebral edema and BBB were evaluated by measuring water and Eval's Blue (EB) contents of cerebral tissue, and the expression of AQP4 in brain was observed by Western Blot at different time point after reperfusion. At last, the correlation between expression of AQP4 and water and EB contents of cerebral tissue were analysed.Results There were found that water and EB contents of cerebral tissue in rat models significantly higher than those of control group at different time point after ischemia/reperfusion ( P

Objective To evaluate the application value of Microendoscopic Discectomy (MED) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods 188 cases of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis were treated by MED, 38 cases of them performed lateral recess decompression. Results The mean follow-up period was 6.9 months. excellent and good therapeutic result rate was 97.4% (Macnab's standard). Conclusions MED in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis has short-term satisfactory therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To summarize the application of Ivor -Lewis in the treatment of esophageal cancer and to explore the value of clinical application.Methods The clinical data of 1 92 esophageal cancer patients who received Ivor -Lewis treatment were retrospectively analyzed,and followed the survival situation.Results In 192 cases,the surgery cut edges were negative.No postoperative death was observed.Anastomosis fistula occurred in 37 cases.1 year survival rate was 86.4%(1 40 /1 62),and 3 year survival rate was 52.4%(22 /42).Conclusion The application of Ivor -Lewis in the treatment of esophageal cancer can not only meet the principles of surgical treatment for tumors, but also can reduce the operation difficulty.At the same time,it is benefit to resect the lymph nodes located in the chest and abdomen,and also improve the effect of surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of lateral ventricle transplantation of neurotrophic factor-transfected cells derived from Glia cell line on vascular dementia in rats and gene expression of Drebrin in hippocampal region.Methods By using gene clone technique,the GDNF gene was transfected into SH-SY5Y cell lines.104 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (200± 20) gram were divided into groups:transplanted group,injected group,control group,all of which accepted operation by permanent ligation of left common carotid artery and clipping right common carotid artery repeatedly to build up model of vascular dementia,and sham operation group which accepted no ligation or clipping.6 rats from each group were decapitated on the third day,seventh day and tenth day after transplanting treatment were for fluorescence detection.The rest 20 rats in each group were used to detect learning and memory functions by Morris water maze on the third day and decapitated on the fourth day after transplanting treatment.Then GDNF level in temporal lobe were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),while Drebrin mRNA and protein levels in hippocampal region were detected by real time-PCR and Westernblot respectively.Results There was strong fluorescent light detected around lateral ventricle of rats in transplanted group on the third day after transplantation,which faded on the seventh day and disappeared on the tenth day.The learning and memory functions of rats in transplanted group were improved significantly.The escape latency was shorter in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [(34.89±4.15) s vs.(43.86±6.95) s,(50.89±3.66) s,both P＜0.05],while shuttle times through the third quadrant were more often in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [(11.00±1.49) vs.(9.26 ±1.38),(8.04 ± 1.12),both P＜0.05].GDNF level and Drebrin mRNA and protein levels were higher in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [GDNF:(315.71±27.43) vs.(256.26±19.90),(141.95±21.33),Drebrin mRNA:(5.54±0.35) vs.(3.10±0.33),(1.32±0.23),Drebrinprotein:(0.55±0.05) vs.(0.43±0.06),(0.26±0.06),all P＜0.05].Conclusions GDNF-transfected cells could survive in the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats for about seven days.The method for treating vascular dementia through the technique of transplanting GDNF-transfected cells is certain feasible,which has a better therapeutic effect than GDNF-injection directly into lateral cerebral ventricle.The therapeutic effect of GDNF on vascular dementia may be related to its action of regulating neural plasticity.

Objective To investigate the effect of U0126 on brain edema and the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in rat brains after cerebral ischemic injury.Methods Totally 48 healthy male SD rats were divided randomly into ischemia group, treatment group and normal group.Rats in ischemia group and treatment group underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion by using an intraluminal thread method.Thirty minutes before operation, the rats in treatment group were injected into lateral cerebral ventricle with U0126, while rats in ischemia group accepted normal saline.24 hours after operation, the water content and Evans Blue in rat brains were determined as to exploring the degree of brain edema.Immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR technique were applied to detect AQP4, p-ERK1/2 and p-ELK1.Results Compared with normal group, the water content and AQP4 expression in ischemia group were increased obviously.The water content and AQP4 expression in treatment group (protein:149.0?1.1,mRNA:0.328?0.010) were lower than those in ischemia group (protein:153.6?0.8,mRNA:0.400?0.015,P

Solid dispersions of the insoluble compound CHMFL-KIT-110 were prepared by solvent method with polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus),Poloxamer 407,PEG 6000,Copovidone (Kollidon VA64) as carriers and SLS,Tween 80,Cremophor RH40 as solubilizers. The optimal formulation was screened and obtained with dynamic solubilities and supersaturation performances as indexes. The final product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The stability and pharmacokinetic behavior in rats were also investigated. Results suggested that when the weight ratio of CHMFL-KIT-110/Soluplus/SLS was 1∶4∶0.5,dynamic solubility of the solid dispersions was significantly improved with no recrystallization. In the accelerated condition (40 °C,75% RH) for 30 days,CHMFL-KIT-110 in the solid dispersions was still amorphous with no crystal observed. The results of pharmacokinetics in rats showed that the cmax and AUC0→t of CHMFL-KIT-110 solid dispersions were 373.1 times and 358.7 times higher than those of free drugs,respectively. These results help to understand the formulation development and clinical practice of CHMFL-KIT-110.

In order to evaluate the consistency of the release behavior between the self-made saxagliptin and metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and the reference preparations in vitro, the similarity of the dissolution curves between the self-made preparations and the reference preparations in four dissolution mediums: HCl (pH 1.0), acetate buffer saline (pH 4.5), phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8) and pure water, and the gel morphology and strength of the self-made preparations and the reference preparations in the HCl (pH 1.0) solution medium were compared.Results showed that in four dissolution mediums, the dissolution rates of saxagliptin in the self-made preparations and the reference preparations at 15 min were greater than 85%, and the ?2 similarity factors of metformin hydrochloride were 89, 83, 80, 86, all greater than 50, so the dissolution of the self-made preparations was consistent with those of the reference preparations.The volume expansion rate, water absorption rate and erosion rate were consistent with those of the reference preparations, and the gel strength of the self-made preparations was the same as that of the reference preparations.The in vitro release behaviors of the self-made preparations and the reference preparations are consistent, which provide a good guarantee for bioequivalence.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of bupivacaine pamoate for sciatic nerve block in rats.Methods:Forty-eight SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300-400 g, were divided into 6 groups using a random number table method: bupivacaine pamoate vehicle group (group VE), bupivacaine HCl group (group BH), liposomal bupivacaine group (group BL), low-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HL), moderate-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HM) and high-dose bupivacaine pamoate group (group HH), with 8 animals in each group.In VE, BH, BL, HL, HM and HH groups, bupivacaine pamoate vehicle 0.4 ml, bupivacaine HCl solution 0.4 ml, liposomal bupivacaine suspension 0.4 ml, and 1, 3 and 10 mg/ml bupivacaine pamoate suspension 0.4 ml were injected around the left sciatic nerve, respectively.The thermal paw withdrawal latency were measured before administration (T 0) and at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 h after injection (T 1-9). The percentage of maximum possible effect (MPE) of thermal paw withdrawal latency was calculated, and motor function score was simultaneously performed to evaluate the efficacy of sensory and motor block.Five and three rats in each group were sacrificed at 2 and 7 days after administration (T 9, 10), respectively, and the sciatic nerve at the injection site and the surrounding muscle tissues were harvested for microscopic examination (with a light microscope) after Luxol fast blue and HE staining.Nerve damage and inflammatory responses were assessed and scored to evaluate neurotoxicity. Results:Compared with group VE, the MPE was significantly increased at T 1-4 in group HL, at T 1-8 in group HM and at T 1-8 in group HH, the motor function scores were decreased at T 1-4 in group HL, at T 1-5 in group HM and at T 1-7 in group HH ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in inflammatory response scores for the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles at each time point in HL, HM and HH groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group BH, the MPE was significantly increased at T 3-8, motor function scores were decreased at T 3-5, and inflammatory response scores for the muscles around the sciatic nerve were decreased at T 9 in group HM ( P<0.05). Compared with group BL, the MPE was significantly increased at T 3-7, motor function scores were decreased at T 4, 5, and inflammatory response scores for the sciatic nerve and surrounding muscles were decreased at T 9 in group HM ( P<0.05). The nerve damage score was 0 in the six groups. Conclusion:Bupivacaine pamoate can block the sciatic nerve of rats, the duration of block is prolonged with the increase in the concentration, and the duration of motor block is not longer than that of sensory block; compared with the same concentration and equal volume of bupivacaine HCl and liposomal bupivacaine, bupivacaine pamoate produces longer duration of sciatic nerve block and less neurotoxicity.