Objective To estimate the incentive and guidance of degree policy for the doctoral student's capacity-building. Methods Totally 1185 published SCI papers completed by 1 013 doc-toral students from 2008 to 2012 in Capital Medical University were filed and impact factors of these SCI journals taken as analysis objects were organized using Microsoft Office Excellsoftware. ANOVA was used for data procession and t-test was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 signifies statistically significant difference. Results This study showed that 97%doctoral students can complete SCI paper publication in compliance with requirements of doctoral degree policy. Quality of SCI papers of aca-demic degree PhDs was higher than that of professional degree PhDs(P=0.00). Level of SCI papers of PhDs in basic disciplines was higher than that of PhDs in clinical disciplines (P=0.00). In addition, this study found that higher leveled SCI papers originated primarily from the national key disciplines and co-first authors. Conclusions The appropriate degree policies play an important guiding role in enhancing the quality of doctoral students' education. Degree-granting units should make more specific guidance policies according to different types of disciplines and cultures, such as raising published arti-cle requirements to the clinical professional PhDs, improving and standardizing relevant degree poli-cies about SCI papers published by co-first authors, strengthening disciplinary conditions building, etc.

Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous electricalnerve stimulation (TENS) on symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (DNP). Methods Electronic databases such asPUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese Biomedical Database weresearched by using such mesh and text keywords as "TENS" and "diabetic neuropathy". Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on the effect of TENS on symptomatic diabetic neuropathy were included. Studies were selected and availa-ble data was extracted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 4.2.8 software.Results Three RCTs involving 78 patients were included in this study. Compared with sham-stimulation, TENStherapy significantly reduced the score in pain (SMD -2.35, 95% CI [-4.24, -0.46 ] ) and the score in numb-ness (WMD -0.18, 95% CI [-0.32, -0.05 ] ). Subgroup analysis shows that TENS therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the score of pain in both 4-week treatment duration ( SMD - 5.37, 95% CI [ - 6.97,- 3.77 ] ) and 6-week treatment duration ( SMD - 1.01, 95% CI [ - 2.01, - 0.01 ] ), but not 12-week treatmentduration (SMD - 1.65, 95% CI [ -4.02, 0.73 ] ). Conclusion TENS therapy is a promising and safe strategyfor treatment of symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. More studies are still warranted to accumulate the evidence of theeffect of TENS therapy on DNP.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in suspected coronary heart disease patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities but normal coronary angiography. Methods The data of 25 suspected coronary heart disease patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities but normal coronary angiography were collected from Taiyuan central hospital between October 2010 and April 2012. Comparison was done in terms of anterior interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end diastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, left atrial diameterand ejection fraction measured by CMR and by UCG. Correlation of the aboved paremeters between the 2 imaging exams. Results 40%of patients had their diagnosis changed after CMR exam, 32%of the patients with adjusted assessment. The differences in anterior interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction by CMR and by UCG were similar (P>0.05) with positive correlation (P<0.01). Conclusions CMR can provide diagnosis and evaluation information to chest pain patients with ECG abnormalities but normal CAG, and it is a good supplement for routine examination.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with Lumina type breast cancer, and to explore its significance in individualized treatment.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 59 patients with surgical resection and pathological diagnosis of Lumina type breast cancer in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of 21 gene and RS was calculated. According to the 21-gene RS, the patients were divided into low recurrence risk group (RS < 18 points), intermediate recurrence risk group (RS 18-31 points) and high recurrence risk group (RS > 31 points). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were made to evaluate the correlations between different recurrence risk and clinicopathological characteristics of patients and their influence on the choice of adjuvant chemotherapy.Results:Based on the 21-gene RS, 29 patients were in low recurrence risk group, 22 cases were in intermediate recurrence risk group, and 8 cases were in high recurrence risk group. Single-factor analysis showed that age ( P = 0.012), maximum mass diameter ( P = 0.031), histological grade ( P = 0.036), progesterone receptor (PR) level ( P = 0.015), Ki-67 positive index ( P = 0.049) and molecular typing ( P = 0.010) were influencing factors of 21-gene RS recurrence risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age and Ki-67 positive index were negatively correlated with 21-gene RS recurrence risk (both P < 0.05). After grouping according to the 21-gene RS, 17 patients in the intermediate recurrence risk group (according to the traditional postoperative recurrence risk grouping method for breast cancer) were classified as low recurrence risk group, and 4 patients in the low recurrence risk group were classified as intermediate recurrence risk group ( χ2 = 4.535, P = 0.033). After grouping based on 21-gene RS, the number of patients who needed chemotherapy in individualized treatment decreased. Of the 17 cases, 11 cases did not undergo postoperative chemotherapy, and the remaining patients received chemotherapy. The postoperative follow-up period was 11-22 months. As of March 2020, there was no recurrence or disease progress. Conclusion:The 21-gene RS can provide objective basis for the individualized precise treatment and prognosis prediction for patients with early-stage Lumina type breast cancer.

AIM:To investigate the effects of grasp seed procyanidins(GSP) on homocysteine-induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and related molecular mechanisms.METHODS: Cell count and -TdR assay were used for detecting cell proliferation and DNA synthesis,ELISA assay was used for detecting inflammatory response,DCFH-DA assay for examining the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),Western blotting for detecting protein expression.RESULTS: Homocysteine(0.1-1 mmol/L) increased VSMC proliferation and migration,and the levels of ROS were in a dose-dependent manner.The results of Western blotting showed that homocysteine significantly increased the expression of MCP-1,IL-6 and TNF-?.However,Compared with control group,in GSP(5-20 g/L) group,the increased VSMC proliferation,migration and the production of ROS and the expression of MCP-1,IL-6 and TNF-? mediated by homocysteine were markedly suppressed.EMSA showed that in GSP treatment group,the NF-?B activation was also almost completely inhibited.CONCLUSION: GSP inhibits homocysteine-induced VSMC proliferation,migration and inflammatory response through interfering with ROS dependent on NF-?B signal pathway.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a common autoimmune liver disease,and the diversity of its treatment methods has been hotly discussed by scholars in various countries.As the best treatment,end-stage liver transplantation (LT),due to the related diseases,such as postoperative complications greatly limits its wide application in clinical practice.Early assessment and intervention can reduce the risk of concomitant disease and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.In this paper,the status of LT indications,timing and related disease management,postoperative complications and other aspects of PSC patients were reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the association between short-term outcomes and collateral circulation status in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis therapy.Methods Full-text articles published from January 2000 to November 2016 in Cochrane Library,Medline,Embase and Web of Science electronic database were retrieved and their quality was assessed.The association between short-term outcomes and collateral circulation status were analyzed by random-effects models.Results Twenty three studies involving 2 849 patients were included in quantitative synthesis.The results showed that good collateral circulations had a beneficial effect on favorable outcomes at 3 or 6 months (RR =2.26,95％ CI:1.85-2.77,P =0.00),and were also associated with a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RR =0.56,95％ CI:0.47-0.67,P ＜ 0.01) and a lower rate of mortality (RR =0.30,95％ CI:0.22-0.40,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The baseline collateral cimulation status is associated with the short-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis therapy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined use of ticagrelor and cilostazol for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated with upper digestive tract diseases following percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI).Methods A total of 262 consecutive ACS patients complicated with upper digestive tract diseases followed-up for one-year after PCI were included in this study.The patients were allocated into control group (combined use of ticagrelor and aspirin , n＝184) and cilostazol group ( combined use of ticagrelor and cilostazol , n ＝78) for antiplatelet treatment.The basic characteristics of the patients , change of the treatment regimens , cardiovascular events and hemorrhagic events were compared between two groups .Results After one year of follow-up, 16.8%(31/184)patients in control group and 3.8%(3/78)in cilostazol group changed antiplatelet regimens (χ2＝8.200,P＝0.004).There was no statistical difference in use of statins and ACEI/ARB between two groups(P＞0.05).The rate of proton pump inhibitor use in control group was significantly higher than that in cilostazol group [82.1%(151/184) vs.52.6%(41/78), χ2＝24.35, P＝0.000].However, the dosage of β-blockers in cilostazol group was significantly higher than that in control group [(39.1 ±12.4) mg vs.(28.6 ±10.1) mg, t ＝7.174,P＝0.000].No statistical difference was found in total cardiovascular events between two groups [21.7%(40/184) vs.12.8%(10/78),χ2＝2.822,P＝0.121].The incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in control group was significantly increased compared with cilostazol group [12.0%(22/184) vs.2.6%(2/78),χ2＝5.807,P ＝0.018], however, there was no significant difference in hemorrhagic events concerning the thrombolysis for myocardial infarction between two groups [17.4%(32/184) vs.9.0%(7/78), χ2＝3.063,P＝0.089].Conclusion Combined use of cilostazol and ticagrelor is effective and safe for ACS patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage or a higher risk of hemorrhage .

One hundred and nine consecutive coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during February 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. After treatment the quality of sleep was improved in 35 cases (observation group) and was not improved in 74 patients (control group). The basic characteristics, coronary lesions of patients were compared between two groups. Compared with the control group, patients in observation group had significant higher proportion of males [80.0%(28/35) vs. 59.5%(44/74), χ²=4.471, P=0.035], smoking history [85.7% (30/35) vs. 63.5% (47/74), χ²=5.647, P=0.018], lower body mass index [(25.8±3.1) kg/m² vs. (27.4±3.2) kg/m², t=2.461, P=0.033]. Compared with control group, the observation group had lower coronary Gensini score[(35.4±5.7) vs. (38.7±6.5), t=2.571, P=0.011], less number of stent[ (1.4±0.4) vs. (1.6±0.4), t=2.427, P=0.016]. And the lesions were mostly distributed in the right coronary artery in observation group (61.9%, 26/35) (χ²=11.759, P=0.003).Conclusion The improvement of sleep quality by PCI depends on the clinical features and coronary artery lesions of CHD patients with OSA.

To investigate the effect of the jianpi-jiedu formula (JPJD) on the expression of angiogenesis-relevant genes in colon cancer.
 Methods: Crude extract was obtained from JPJD by water extract method. The effect of JPJD crude extract on colon cancer cell proliferation capacity was determined by MTT assays. The IC50 value was calculated by GraphPad Prism5 software. Affymetrix gene expression profiling chip was used to detect significant differences in expressions of genes after JPJD intervention, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software was applied to analyze differentially expressed genes relevant to tumor angiogenesis based on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and then the network diagram was built. Western blot was used to verify the protein levels of key genes related to tumor angiogenesis.
 Results: JPJD crud extract inhibited the proliferation capacity in colon cancer cells. The IC50 values in 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment were 13.060, 9.646 and 8.448 mg/mL, respectively. The results of chip showed that 218 genes significantly upgraded, and 252 genes significantly downgraded after JPJD treatment. Most of the genes were related to the function of biosynthesis, metabolism, cell apoptosis, antigen extraction, angiogenesis and so on. There were 12 differentially expressed angiogenesis genes. IPA software analysis showed that the JPJD downregulated expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), integrin subunit alpha 1 (ITGA1), cathepsin B (CTSB), and cathepsin S (CTSS) genes, while upregulated expressions of GAB2 and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR) genes in the colorectal cancer cell. Western blot results demonstrated that JPJD obviously downregulated expressions of phospho-mTOR (P-mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and VEGF proteins, while obviously upregulated the level of phospho-P53 (P-P53) protein.
 Conclusion: JPJD may inhibit colorectal tumor angiogenesis through regulation of the mTOR-HIF-1α-VEGF signal pathway.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cathepsin B ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cathepsins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Integrin alpha Chains ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; genetics ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; drug effects ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; drug effects ; metabolism