Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of central nervous system.The disease onset slow,early typical performance for the decline in judgment,lack of initiative,moodiness,etc,clinical manifestations of memory loss, cognitive dysfunction based.Cerebrolysin is a akind ofneurotrophicpeptidegic mixture obtained by normalized enzymolysisof lipid-free porcine brain proteins,it is rich in various amino acids,small molecule polypeptide and various essential elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and selenium.Several studies have shown that cerebrolysin can significantly improve the memory,anxiety,fatigue,dizziness and other symptoms of AD patients.In this paper,the research progress of cerebrolysin in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed to provide reference for the comprehensive development and clinical application of cerebrolysin .

BACKGROUND:Poly lactic acid as an excellent delivery has good biocompatibility.
OBJECTIVE:To prepare recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/poly lactic acid (PLA) sustained release microspheres, and to study its physical and chemical properties.
METHODS:The rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres were prepared using w/o/w solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size, zeta potential, and swel ing properties were detected. ELISA kit was utilized for measurement of encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading rate and in vitro drug release rate.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the scanning electron microscope, rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres were approximately circle with excellent dispersion. The uniform spheres were visible with a mean particle size of 839.6 nm. The zeta potential were (-32.93±3.74) mV. The swel ing coefficient was 1.157±0.059. The drug-loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres were (88.943±2.878)%and (0.026±0.001)%respectively. The drug release rate at 1 day was about 10.199%, then the drug release was relatively constant, and til 19 days, the cumulative drug release rate was 54.643%. These findings indicate that the constructed rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres meet the requirement of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (10th edition) that the encapsulation efficiency is not less than 80%and the microspheres have a good slow-release function in vitro.

Objective To investigate the female infection situation of human papilloma virus (HPV) and the distribution charac-teristics of HPV gene subtypes in the hospital ,so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of HPV cer-vical infection and the study for developing the preventive HPV vaccine suitable for this hospital .Methods The PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDB) was adopted to check the genotypes of HPV on the cervical samples in 625 gynecologic outpatients and inpatients .Results Among 625 cases ,210 cases were infected by HPV with the total HPV infection rate of 33 .6% .The single subtype infection was in 152 cases ,accounting for 72 .38% ,the mixed infection by more than or equal to 2 kinds of subtype was in 58 cases ,accounting for 27 .62% .The subtypes with the higher infection rate from high to low were HPV 58(7 .52% ) ,HPV16 (6 .72% ) ,HPV6(5 .76% ) ,HPV43(4 .80% ) ,HPV11(4 .64% ) ,HPV35(3 .36% ) ,HPV56(2 .56% ) ,HPV18(2 .40% ) ,HPV52 (2 .40% ) and HPV68(2 .40% ) .Conclusion The HPV infection rate in the gynecologic outpatients and inpatients in the hospital is high ,the subtype distribution is wider and is dominated by the high risk HPV infection .The most common subtype is HPV58 and multiple HPV infection rate is high .

BACKGROUND:Silk fibroin, chitosan, and nano hydroxyapatite are natural materials, and they al have good biological activity and physical or chemical properties. As tissue engineering materials, they have been already widely used in clinic or research work, but there are some defects in the application of these three kinds of materials. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation and characteristics of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffolds which could be used in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:Silk fibroin, chitosan, and nano hydroxyapatite were separately prepared into 2%solution, and then mixed at the ratio of 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, 1:1:1.5 respectively. The three-dimensional complicated scaffolds were prepared by those mixed liquids through repeated freeze drying and chemical crosslinking technology. Scanning electron microscope was used to detect the pore size of the scaffolds. Porosity, water absorption rate, and hot-water loss rate were determined. Mechanical tester was used to measure the tensile and compressive modulus of dried three-dimensional scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffold in the dry state had no special smel , appeared to be a stabilized solid cylinder, and exhibited clear resiliency and flexibility with a touch. With the increased content of nano hydroxyapatite, the porosity, water absorption rate and average pore size of the scaffolds appeared to be decreased, while the hot-water loss rate and compressive strength were increased. The scaffold prepared at 1:1:1 was better for bone tissue engineering, and the average pore size, water absorption rate and hot-water loss rate were 85.67 μm, (135.65±4.56)%and (22.84±1.06)%, respectively, closer to the needs of the bone tissue engineering. Uniform pores were found within the scaffold at 1:1:1, showing the network structure, developed transport among pores, and the network structure was approximately 10μm.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of CT combined electronic level guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy in diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules.Methods 44 cases of lung mini-nodule underwent CT combined electronic level guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy.After operation the tissue was sent for pathologic examination.The nodules were divided into two groups,including Group A (diameter 0.5-1.0 cm,N=10) and Group B (diameter 1.1-2.0 cm,N=34),according to the different sizes of diameter.The excision of postoperative pathological and diagnosis result of clinical diagnosis and treatment of more than 12 months follow up were taken as the final result.The sensitivity,specificity,veracity and complications were compared and analyzed using paired x2 test,taking P＜0.05 as significant difference.Results (1)The arrival rate of target puncture were 100 ％ in 44 cases,with the sensitivity rate of 90.9％,specificity rate of 100 ％,veracity rate of 88.6 ％,positive predictive value of 97.5 ％,and negative predictive value of 100 ％.The sensitivity,specificity and veracity of Group A were 77.8％,100％ and 70.0％ respectively.And the sensitivity,specificity and veracity of Group B were 94.1％,100％ and 94.1％ respectively.The sensitivity,veracity of Group A was higher than Group B (P＜0.05),while there was no difference in specificity.(2)Complication:the incidence rate of pneumothorax,pulmonary bleeding symptoms and hemothorax were 9.1％,11.4％,2.3％,respectively.The incidence rate of total complication was 22.7％,and all be cured after the treatment.The lesions with emphysema around is a risk factor for pneumothorax and pulmonary bleeding symptoms (x2 =11.2,10.2,P＜0.05).However,the position,size and deepness was not correlated with the complications mentioned above (P ＞0.05).Conclusion CT combined electronic level guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a safe,effective and accurate diagnostic method for lung mini-nodule lesion.

Methods: A total of 10 specific pathogen free (SPF) grade female DBA/2J mice were randomly divided into model group and QGA II group (n = 5 for each group), while additional 5 SPF-grade female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to control group. Mice presented spontaneous high IOP and showed elevated approximately at the age of seven months. The high IOP was maintained until week 38, when gavage was initiated. Mice in control group underwent the same intragastric treatment, while those in QGA II group were gavaged with QGA II (9.67 g/kg), once a day for four weeks. Retinal morphology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, with the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) counted. The expression level of Brn3a protein, a specific marker for RGCs, was detected by immunofluorescence, with the mean optical density (OD) measured for quantitative analysis. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was leveraged to analyze changes in the diversity of gut microbiota, including their α-diversity (Chao1, Shannon, Pielou’s evenness, and observed species index) and β-diversity. Venn diagrams and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was employed to investigate the number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), the abundance of differential gut microbiota species, and the classification of species at both the phylum and genus levels within the three groups of mice. Results: HE staining revealed that compared with control group, model group showed significant reduction in the number of RGCs (P < 0.01), with intracellular vacuolar degeneration and nuclear pyknosis. After QGA II treatment, the number of RGCs was significantly increased compared with model group (P < 0.01), with notable improvements in intracellular vacuolar degeneration. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the mean OD of Brn3a protein was significantly decreased in model group compared with control group (P < 0.01), while QGA II treatment significantly elevated its expression level (P < 0.01). Analysis of α-diversity showed that after QGA II intervention, the Chao1, Shannon, and Pielou’s evenness indices were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the observed species index was elevated (P < 0.05). β-Diversity analysis demonstrated distinct clustering among the three groups, indicating relatively low similarity in bacterial community structures. ASV clustering identified a total of 14 061 ASVs across all groups, with 9 514 ASVs shared between model and QGA II groups. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in model group compared with control group (P < 0.01), while Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio were significantly increased (P < 0.01). QGA II treatment significantly reduced both Firmicutes abundance and the F/B ratio (P < 0.01). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was dominant across all groups, with its abundance significantly increased in model group (P < 0.01) and subsequently decreased following QGA II intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion QGA II restructured the gut microbiota of DBA/2J mice with chronic high IOP, bringing changes in their diversity and abundance of components. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, along with their associated microorganisms, are likely critical components of the gut microbiota that contribute to the optic neuroprotective effects of QGA II on chronic high IOP mice.

Objective]In order to study the impact of adenoid hypertrophy(AH)with allergic rhinitis(AR)in the otitis media with effusion(OME)in children,as well as to discuss the risk factors on the inducement of OME in patients with AH.[Methods]The clinical materials were collected and analyzed from 205 children with AH who admitted for surgical treatment between 2013 and 2015, including medical history and signs,acoustic immittance measurement,allergy screen as well as blood routine,and to evaluate the situation of OME and AR in patients with AH. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0.[Results]Among the 205 AH children,66 cases(32.20%)were accompanying with OME. The AH patients aged 3-5 years had the highest incidence of OME,which decreased with age(P=0.018). It is significant on the prevalence of the OME in patients with AH between the two groups with and without AR (P = 0.010). In the logistic model investigating the risk factors of inducing OME among patients with AH,the third-degree AH, Type-three and the accompanying with AR were significant. The third-degree and third-type AH children were 2.729 and 6.390-folds higher than others respectively (P = 0.047,P = 0.001). The incidence of OME appeared to be 1.212-folds higher among patients with AR(P = 0.010).[Conclusion]Mechanical obstruction and AR played a superimposed role in the inducement of OME among patients with AH,which was effected by multiple factors. We should pay attention to the“lateral respiratory”allergic diseases on eustachian tube and middle ear.

Objective To observe the effects of different compatibility ratios of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix on vascular intimal hyperplasia; To ascertain the effective compatibility of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix for antagonizing vascular intimal hyperplasia. Methods SD rats were divided into different groups by baseline geometric design method: Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix different compatibility ratios groups, Astragali Radix group, Angelicae Sinensis Radixgroup, positive medicinegroup and sham-operation group. A model of intimal hyperplasia of thoracoabdominal aorta was established by balloon catheter injury in vascular endothelium of rats. Then the thoracoabdominal aorta was taken out after gavage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with different compatibility ratios for 14 days. Bloodletting was used to take thoracoabdominal aorta. Masson staining and Morphometric methods were used to analyze the intimal hyperplasia. Results IA, IT, HRIA and HRIT increased 14 day after intimal injury. Compared with the model group, IA, IT, HRIA and HRIT in Angelicae Sinensis Radix group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:2 group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:5 group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 group and Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 5:1 group were lower, and the effects of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 ratio were strongest. The effects on intimal hyperplasia in Astragali Radix group and Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis 2:1 group had no significant differences compared with model group. Conclusion Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis can inhibit vascular intimal hyperplasia in a certain compatibility ratios, and the effects of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 on intimal hyperplasia are the best.

Objective To evaluate the impacts of slice thickness and registration frame range on the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT) image-guided head and neck ( HN) radiotherapy, and to provide a basis for positioning correction in image-guided radiotherapy.Methods A planned CT scan was performed for an anthropomorphic HN phantom with slice thickness of 1 mm and 3 mm and simulated positioning errors in x, y, and z directions on the accelerator.CBCT scan and reconstruction were performed with slice thickness of 1 mm and 3 mm.Two different registration frame ranges were used ( range 1:from C7 to superior orbit;range 2:from C7 to calvaria ) .Automatic bony registration was performed for CBCT and planned CT images with slice thickness of 1 mm and 3 mm.The registration accuracy was evaluated.Results For range 1, the registration errors in x, y, and z directions with a slice thickness of 1 mm were significantly lower than those with a slice thickness of 3 mm (0.5±0.2 mm vs.-0.7±0.2 mm, P=0.00;0.5±0.3 mm vs. 1.0±0.3 mm, P=0.00;-0.1±0.5 mm vs.1.5±0.5 mm, P=0.00).For range 2, the registration errors in x, y, and z directions with a slice thickness of 3 mm were-0.4±0.2 mm, 0.5±0.2 mm, and 0.7±0.4 mm, respectively.Conclusions Engagement of calvaria in registration range can substantially enhance the registration accuracy in CBCT or CT images for HN.The registration error with slice thickness of 1 mm can be controlled within 1 mm.

Objective No uniform standards has been established for the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia .The article was to investigate the differentially expressed microRNA ( miRNA) profile and explore its clinical significance . Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by FlashTag TM Biotin RNA chips and SAM software in serum of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls , then the validation was performed by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Three differentially expressed miRNAs were screened , including up-regulated hsa-miR-1281 ( fold change =1.50881) and two down-regulated miRNAs:hsa-miR-2861(fold change=0.642) and hsa-miR-638 (fold change=0.516).The com-parative analysis of RT-PCR by SPSS 17.0 Kruskal Wallis H Test validated the expression levels of hsa-miR-2861 and hsa-miR-638 in patients with schizophrenia decreased significantly in comparison to healthy controls (χ2 =4.089,χ2 =4.083, P<0.001).While the expression level of hsa-miR-1281 in patients with schizophrenia was in higher expression level compared with control group (χ2 =5.333, P<0.001). Conclusion There are differentially expressed miRNA profile in serum of patients with schizophrenia , in which miR-1281 , miR-2861 and miR-638 could be new serum markers for diagnosis of schizophrenia .