Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of central nervous system.The disease onset slow,early typical performance for the decline in judgment,lack of initiative,moodiness,etc,clinical manifestations of memory loss, cognitive dysfunction based.Cerebrolysin is a akind ofneurotrophicpeptidegic mixture obtained by normalized enzymolysisof lipid-free porcine brain proteins,it is rich in various amino acids,small molecule polypeptide and various essential elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and selenium.Several studies have shown that cerebrolysin can significantly improve the memory,anxiety,fatigue,dizziness and other symptoms of AD patients.In this paper,the research progress of cerebrolysin in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed to provide reference for the comprehensive development and clinical application of cerebrolysin .

BACKGROUND:Silk fibroin, chitosan, and nano hydroxyapatite are natural materials, and they al have good biological activity and physical or chemical properties. As tissue engineering materials, they have been already widely used in clinic or research work, but there are some defects in the application of these three kinds of materials. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation and characteristics of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffolds which could be used in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:Silk fibroin, chitosan, and nano hydroxyapatite were separately prepared into 2%solution, and then mixed at the ratio of 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, 1:1:1.5 respectively. The three-dimensional complicated scaffolds were prepared by those mixed liquids through repeated freeze drying and chemical crosslinking technology. Scanning electron microscope was used to detect the pore size of the scaffolds. Porosity, water absorption rate, and hot-water loss rate were determined. Mechanical tester was used to measure the tensile and compressive modulus of dried three-dimensional scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffold in the dry state had no special smel , appeared to be a stabilized solid cylinder, and exhibited clear resiliency and flexibility with a touch. With the increased content of nano hydroxyapatite, the porosity, water absorption rate and average pore size of the scaffolds appeared to be decreased, while the hot-water loss rate and compressive strength were increased. The scaffold prepared at 1:1:1 was better for bone tissue engineering, and the average pore size, water absorption rate and hot-water loss rate were 85.67 μm, (135.65±4.56)%and (22.84±1.06)%, respectively, closer to the needs of the bone tissue engineering. Uniform pores were found within the scaffold at 1:1:1, showing the network structure, developed transport among pores, and the network structure was approximately 10μm.

Objective To investigate the female infection situation of human papilloma virus (HPV) and the distribution charac-teristics of HPV gene subtypes in the hospital ,so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of HPV cer-vical infection and the study for developing the preventive HPV vaccine suitable for this hospital .Methods The PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDB) was adopted to check the genotypes of HPV on the cervical samples in 625 gynecologic outpatients and inpatients .Results Among 625 cases ,210 cases were infected by HPV with the total HPV infection rate of 33 .6% .The single subtype infection was in 152 cases ,accounting for 72 .38% ,the mixed infection by more than or equal to 2 kinds of subtype was in 58 cases ,accounting for 27 .62% .The subtypes with the higher infection rate from high to low were HPV 58(7 .52% ) ,HPV16 (6 .72% ) ,HPV6(5 .76% ) ,HPV43(4 .80% ) ,HPV11(4 .64% ) ,HPV35(3 .36% ) ,HPV56(2 .56% ) ,HPV18(2 .40% ) ,HPV52 (2 .40% ) and HPV68(2 .40% ) .Conclusion The HPV infection rate in the gynecologic outpatients and inpatients in the hospital is high ,the subtype distribution is wider and is dominated by the high risk HPV infection .The most common subtype is HPV58 and multiple HPV infection rate is high .

BACKGROUND:Poly lactic acid as an excellent delivery has good biocompatibility.
OBJECTIVE:To prepare recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/poly lactic acid (PLA) sustained release microspheres, and to study its physical and chemical properties.
METHODS:The rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres were prepared using w/o/w solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size, zeta potential, and swel ing properties were detected. ELISA kit was utilized for measurement of encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading rate and in vitro drug release rate.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the scanning electron microscope, rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres were approximately circle with excellent dispersion. The uniform spheres were visible with a mean particle size of 839.6 nm. The zeta potential were (-32.93±3.74) mV. The swel ing coefficient was 1.157±0.059. The drug-loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres were (88.943±2.878)%and (0.026±0.001)%respectively. The drug release rate at 1 day was about 10.199%, then the drug release was relatively constant, and til 19 days, the cumulative drug release rate was 54.643%. These findings indicate that the constructed rhBMP-2/PLA sustained release microspheres meet the requirement of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (10th edition) that the encapsulation efficiency is not less than 80%and the microspheres have a good slow-release function in vitro.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of CT combined electronic level guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy in diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules.Methods 44 cases of lung mini-nodule underwent CT combined electronic level guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy.After operation the tissue was sent for pathologic examination.The nodules were divided into two groups,including Group A (diameter 0.5-1.0 cm,N=10) and Group B (diameter 1.1-2.0 cm,N=34),according to the different sizes of diameter.The excision of postoperative pathological and diagnosis result of clinical diagnosis and treatment of more than 12 months follow up were taken as the final result.The sensitivity,specificity,veracity and complications were compared and analyzed using paired x2 test,taking P＜0.05 as significant difference.Results (1)The arrival rate of target puncture were 100 ％ in 44 cases,with the sensitivity rate of 90.9％,specificity rate of 100 ％,veracity rate of 88.6 ％,positive predictive value of 97.5 ％,and negative predictive value of 100 ％.The sensitivity,specificity and veracity of Group A were 77.8％,100％ and 70.0％ respectively.And the sensitivity,specificity and veracity of Group B were 94.1％,100％ and 94.1％ respectively.The sensitivity,veracity of Group A was higher than Group B (P＜0.05),while there was no difference in specificity.(2)Complication:the incidence rate of pneumothorax,pulmonary bleeding symptoms and hemothorax were 9.1％,11.4％,2.3％,respectively.The incidence rate of total complication was 22.7％,and all be cured after the treatment.The lesions with emphysema around is a risk factor for pneumothorax and pulmonary bleeding symptoms (x2 =11.2,10.2,P＜0.05).However,the position,size and deepness was not correlated with the complications mentioned above (P ＞0.05).Conclusion CT combined electronic level guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a safe,effective and accurate diagnostic method for lung mini-nodule lesion.

Objective]In order to study the impact of adenoid hypertrophy(AH)with allergic rhinitis(AR)in the otitis media with effusion(OME)in children,as well as to discuss the risk factors on the inducement of OME in patients with AH.[Methods]The clinical materials were collected and analyzed from 205 children with AH who admitted for surgical treatment between 2013 and 2015, including medical history and signs,acoustic immittance measurement,allergy screen as well as blood routine,and to evaluate the situation of OME and AR in patients with AH. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0.[Results]Among the 205 AH children,66 cases(32.20%)were accompanying with OME. The AH patients aged 3-5 years had the highest incidence of OME,which decreased with age(P=0.018). It is significant on the prevalence of the OME in patients with AH between the two groups with and without AR (P = 0.010). In the logistic model investigating the risk factors of inducing OME among patients with AH,the third-degree AH, Type-three and the accompanying with AR were significant. The third-degree and third-type AH children were 2.729 and 6.390-folds higher than others respectively (P = 0.047,P = 0.001). The incidence of OME appeared to be 1.212-folds higher among patients with AR(P = 0.010).[Conclusion]Mechanical obstruction and AR played a superimposed role in the inducement of OME among patients with AH,which was effected by multiple factors. We should pay attention to the“lateral respiratory”allergic diseases on eustachian tube and middle ear.

Objective To observe the effects of different compatibility ratios of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix on vascular intimal hyperplasia; To ascertain the effective compatibility of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix for antagonizing vascular intimal hyperplasia. Methods SD rats were divided into different groups by baseline geometric design method: Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix different compatibility ratios groups, Astragali Radix group, Angelicae Sinensis Radixgroup, positive medicinegroup and sham-operation group. A model of intimal hyperplasia of thoracoabdominal aorta was established by balloon catheter injury in vascular endothelium of rats. Then the thoracoabdominal aorta was taken out after gavage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with different compatibility ratios for 14 days. Bloodletting was used to take thoracoabdominal aorta. Masson staining and Morphometric methods were used to analyze the intimal hyperplasia. Results IA, IT, HRIA and HRIT increased 14 day after intimal injury. Compared with the model group, IA, IT, HRIA and HRIT in Angelicae Sinensis Radix group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:2 group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:5 group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 group and Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 5:1 group were lower, and the effects of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 ratio were strongest. The effects on intimal hyperplasia in Astragali Radix group and Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis 2:1 group had no significant differences compared with model group. Conclusion Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis can inhibit vascular intimal hyperplasia in a certain compatibility ratios, and the effects of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 on intimal hyperplasia are the best.

BACKGROUND:More and more evidence suggests that macrophages and inflammation reactions are involved in the formation and development of nephrolithiasis. Previous studies have found that calculi crystals can stimulate macrophages to release high mobility group protein B1.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the synergistic effect of high mobility group protein B1 in calcium phosphate induced release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages.
METHODS:(1) The induced U937 cells were respectively stimulated with RPMI (blank), 100 mg/L calcium phosphate, 100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 and 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 for 1, 2 and 4 hours to col ect cellsupernatant. (2) The induced U937 cells were respectively stimulated with 100 mg/L calcium phosphate, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+10μg/L high mobility group protein B1, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+50μg/L high mobility group protein B1, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 for 4 hours to col ect cellsupernatant. Levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 were determined by ELISA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 in the cellculture supernatant of 100 mg/L calcium phosphate group and 100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 group were both higher than those in the blank group in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 in the cellculture supernatant of different concentrations of high mobility group protein B1 groups were al higher than those in the 100 mg/L calcium phosphate group in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). The results suggest that both calcium phosphate and high mobility group protein B1 can induce the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages and the high mobility group protein B1 has the synergistic effect with calcium phosphate to induce interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages.

Objective No uniform standards has been established for the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia .The article was to investigate the differentially expressed microRNA ( miRNA) profile and explore its clinical significance . Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by FlashTag TM Biotin RNA chips and SAM software in serum of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls , then the validation was performed by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Three differentially expressed miRNAs were screened , including up-regulated hsa-miR-1281 ( fold change =1.50881) and two down-regulated miRNAs:hsa-miR-2861(fold change=0.642) and hsa-miR-638 (fold change=0.516).The com-parative analysis of RT-PCR by SPSS 17.0 Kruskal Wallis H Test validated the expression levels of hsa-miR-2861 and hsa-miR-638 in patients with schizophrenia decreased significantly in comparison to healthy controls (χ2 =4.089,χ2 =4.083, P<0.001).While the expression level of hsa-miR-1281 in patients with schizophrenia was in higher expression level compared with control group (χ2 =5.333, P<0.001). Conclusion There are differentially expressed miRNA profile in serum of patients with schizophrenia , in which miR-1281 , miR-2861 and miR-638 could be new serum markers for diagnosis of schizophrenia .

BACKGROUND: Skin defect is commonly repaired by autologous skin graft, but in which, it is required healthy skin provider and it probably results in scarring deformity to various extents. The successful construction and clinical application of tissue-engineered skin (TE skin) mark the major breakthrough in treatment of skin defect.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between operation method and healing rate, through repair of skin defect with TE skin, to provide experimental evidence on clinical application of TE skin.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation was designed.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teaching-Research Room of Histology and Pathology and Experimental Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLAMATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Experimental Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, in which 6 healthy York pigs were employed, of clean grade,aged varied from 2.5 to 3 months. 3 groups were randomized, named TE whole-layer group, TE dermal and auto-epidermal group and auto-graft group, 2 pigs in each group. 8 wounds were prepared in each pig, round in shape and 50 mm in diameter, 16 wounds in each group, totally 48wounds.METHODS: ①Preparation of TE whole layer and TE true skin. ② In TE whole-layer group: The whole layer of skin was cut off from fat layeralong the drawn line. When bleeding stopped thoroughly and the wound was covered with wet physiological saline gauze, TE whole-layer skin was collected and windowing was done on the skin for drainage. Physiological saline was used to rinsed away the culture solution on the surface of TE skin, and then, the cuticular layer was upward-covered the wound, avoiding gas vacuole between cuticular layer and wound. Single-layer oleic gauze, physiological saline gauze, aseptic dry gauze and elastic sponge cushion were covered successively, about 3-5 mm in thickness each layer. After routine dressing, elastic bandage was wrapped with compression terminally. ③ TE dermal and auto-epidermal group: The whole- layer skin was cut off with same method. Thin split-thickness skin (TIS) 0.1-0.2 mm was collected with drum dermanuring machine and soaked in physiological saline. The same method was used to collect the managed TE true skin and cover it on the wound, covering immediately on autoTTS. The rest management was same as TE whole-layer group. ④ Autograft group: The whole-layer skin was cut off and the fat tissue was removed, afterwards, it was re-grafted on the auto-wound, covered with various layers of dressing and bandaged with compression. ⑤ The survival case was determined if it was discovered no infection, necrosis and scaling of grafted skin, less than 3 mm in diameter when the wound was opened for changing fresh dressing each time, otherwise, the failed case was recorded. The survival rate in each group was analyzed statistically in 4 weeks after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival situation of grafted skin in 4weeks after operation in each group.RESULTS: In 4 weeks after operation, the survival rate of grafted skin was 75% in TE whole-layer group was 87% in TE dermal and auto-epidermal group and was 94% in auto-graft group. The results were similar basically in comparison among 3 groups (x2=-2.34, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The effect of TE skin graft on repair of skin defect is near to that of auto-epidermal graft, testifying that the repair of skin defect with TE skin is feasible.