Objective To observe the concentration of the inflammatory cytokines in vitreous of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR).Methods A total of 80 PDR patients (80 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into vitrectomy group (group A) and IVR combined with vitrectomy group (group B),40 eyes in each group.The differences of sex(x2=0.05),age (t=0.59),duration of diabetes (t=0.36),HbA1c (t=0.13) and intraocular pressure (F=0.81) between two groups were not significant (P＞0.05).The eyes in group B received 0.5 mg (0.05 ml) ranibizumab injection at 7 days before operation.The vitreous samples (0.4 ml)were obtained before operation.The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results The concentration of VEGF and ICAM-1 were (10.70±3.60),(224.64±90.32) pg/L in group B and (72.38±23.59),(665.61±203.34)pg/L in group A.The differences of VEGF and ICAM-1 concentration between two groups was significant (t=16.34,12.53 ; P＜ 0.001).The concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were (210.64 ± 80.27),(156.00±57.74) pg/L in group B and (45.78±33.82),(41.07±13.82) pg/L in group A.The differences of IL-6 and IL-8 concentration between two groups was significant (t=11.97,12.24; P＜0.001).There was no difference of CTGF concentration between two groups (t=1.39,P=0.17).The CTGF/VEGF in group B was higher than that in group A (t=14.75,P＜0.001).Conclusions One week after IVR,the concentration of VEGF and ICAM-1 are decreased,while IL-6 and IL-8 increased.There is no obvious change in CTGF,but CTGF/VEGF is increased.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Humans ; Ischemia ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

AIM:To investigate whether KCNE 2 participates in the development of pathological hypertrophy .METHODS:Bidirectional ma-nipulations of KCNE2 expression were performed by adenoviral overexpression of KCNE 2 or knockdown of KCNE2 with RNA interfer-ence in PE-induced neonatal rat ventricular myocytes .Then overexpression of KCNE 2 in mouse model of left ventricular hypertrophy in-duced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) by ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer were used to detect the therapeutic function of KCNE2 in the development of hypertrophy .RESULTS:KCNE2 expression was significantly decreased in PE-induced hy-pertrophic cardiomyocytes and in hypertrophic hearts produced by TAC .Knockdown of KCNE2 in cardiomyocytes reproduced hypertro-phy, whereas overexpression of KCNE2 attenuated PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .Knockdown of KCNE2 increased calcineurin activity and nuclear NFAT protein level , and pretreatment with nifedipine or FK 506 attenuated decreased KCNE 2-induced cardiomyo-cyte hypertrophy .Overexpression of KCNE 2 in heart by ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer suppressed the development of hypertrophy and activation of calcineurin-NFAT and MAPK pathways in TAC mice .CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that cardiac KCNE2 expression is decreased and contributes to the development of hypertrophy via activation of calcineurin -NFAT and
MAPK pathways .

AIM: To explore the effect of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) on the anti-apoptosis induced by brain ischemia preconditioning (IP). METHODS: Temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion for 20 min followed three days reperfusion before 6 hours middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) trancranially was used as preconditioning in Wistar rats. The protective role was evaluated by analyzing the infarct volume. The status of neuronal apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. The expression of NF?B p65 protein, the assay of SOD activity and MDA concentration were analyzed by using the methods of immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, 20 min ischemic preconditioning, which did not produce neuronal damage obviously, reduced the infarct volume significantly after MCAO 6 h and obviously decreased the number of neural cell apoptosis in penumbra (P

Objective To evaluate the reliability of PainVision method for assessment of postoperative pain in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy.Methods Twenty ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients,aged 30-45 yr,undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy under fentanyl-propofol-cisatracurium anesthesia,were studied.Pain intensity was simultaneously assessed using PainVision method and visual analog scale (VAS) at 12,24 and 48 h after surgery.PainVision was a new method for quantitative measurement of pain intensity using a painless electrical stimulation (PainVision PS-2100 device).Pain degree was calculated from two parameters,current perception threshold and pain compatible electrical current by using PainVision.The former parameter was defined by the lowest electrical current detected ; the latter parameter defined by the electrical current judged as being compatible with the intensity of ongoing pain.Results There was a significant positive correlation between pain degree calculated by PainVision method and VAS scores,and the correlation coefficient was 0.902 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion PainVision method can be applied for assessment of postoperative pain in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy.

To investigate the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the process of renal interstitial fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was established in rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent UUO and received vehicle (n = 10) or MMF (20 mg.kg-1.d-1, by daily gastric gavage, n = 10) during a period of 5 days following surgery, and the additional 10 rats were served as sham-operated group. The rats were killed 5 days after surgery. Immunohistochemistry was performed on renal tissue for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and type I and III collagen (col I, col III). Histological studies were also done by MASSON staining. Five days after surgery, proliferating cells in tubules, interstitium as well as interstitial myofibroblast (MyoF) infiltration and interstitial col I, col III deposition were all significantly reduced by MMF treatment. MMF also alleviated the histological changes of UUO rats. These results suggested that the reduction of interstitial MyoF infiltration may be an important event by which MMF prevents renal injury caused by UUO and MMF could be used to limit the progression of renal fibrosis.
Fibrosis ; Kidney/*pathology ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/pathology ; Kidney Diseases/*prevention & control ; Mycophenolic Acid/*analogs & derivatives ; Mycophenolic Acid/*pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ureteral Obstruction/*complications

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) expressing human tissue kallikrein gene (rAAV-HK) on insulin resistance and renal complications in tyDe2 diabetic rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were injected low dose streptozotocin and fed with high fat and sucrose diets to form type 2 diabetic model. rAAV mediated HK gene (HK group) or LacZ gene (LacZ group) were introduced to the diabetic rats, and their systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and insulin, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, urine osmolarity and urine microalbumin were measured. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were calculated. The expression of PI3-kinase p11o catalytic subunit (p110) and Akt phosphorylation on Thr-308 were detected by Western blot. The morphology of kidney wag observed. Results Delivery of rAAVHK resulted in a reduction in blood pressure at 2 weeks and the hypotensive effect lasted for the duration of the study. The HOMA-IR was significantly lower in HK group than LacZ group (4.76±0.33 vs 8.36±0.48, P<0.01) at the end of the study, fasting insulin level was reduced [(8.19±2.45 vs 13.85±3.76)mIU/L. P<0.01], but there was no significant change in fasting blood glucose [(13.09±3.01 vs 13.58±2.88)mmol/L].The phosphorylation of p11o and Akt Thr-308 were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle and liver in LacZ group and were almost corrected by HK gene therapy. The UAER and Ccr were significantly lower and urinary osmolarity were higher in HK-treated rats compared with LaeZ rats. Histological assessment indicated that the renal complication was relieved by HK gene delivery. Conclusion The rAAV-mediated HK gene delivery efficiently attenuated insulin resistance partly through PI3K/Akt pathway and diabetic nephropathy in type 2diabetic rats.

Objective To compare the efficacy of endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy and traditional surgical treatment for great saphenous varicosity. Methods From January 2014 to January 2015,77 patients diagnosed as great saphenous varicosity were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, 37 patients received endovenous laser treatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy and the other 40 patients underwent traditional surgical treatment. The related indicators were compared.Results The mean operation time,average bleeding volume,operative incisionquantity and average hospitalization time of EVLT+ TIPP group were (66.1±14.7) min,(24.4±10.5) ml,5.7±1.7,(5.6±1.4) d respectively,of control group were (84.3±18.5) min,(59.0±15.6) ml,8.0±1.8,(10.1±3.1) d respectively,there were significant differences between the two groups(t =-4.749,-11.460,-5.714;P<0.001) .There were no significant complications in the two groups.In the EVLT+ TIPP group,6 patientsoccurred patsubcutaneous induration, 5 patients occurred subcutaneous hematoma and 7 patients had skinparesthesias.In the traditional operation group,2 cases occurred patsubcutaneous induration,3 cases occurredsubcutaneous hematoma and 2 cases had skin paresthesias.The EVLT+ TIPP group was slightly higher than thetraditional operation group in the complications, but there were no significant differences between them ( P>0.05).During a mean follow?up time of (18±7) months(12 months to 24 months),1 patient recurrence in theEVLT+ TIPP group,2 cases recurrence in the traditional operation group.The recurrence rates of the two groupswere similar,the difference was not significant between them(P=1.000) .Conclusion Endovenous lasertreatment combined with transilluminated powered phlebectomy for great saphenous varicosity is effective andsafe.It also has the advanta and better cosmetic results.

Objective To study the influence of donor GFR on the early renal function in recipients undergoing living donor transplantation.Methods A total of 172 living donor transplant recipients in our kidney transplantation center from 2006 to 2011 were enrolled into this study.Among them,166 were genetically related (96.5％),while 6 were genetically unrelated (spouses in 5 and other in 1).The predonation GFR was measured by isotope clearance (99mTC-DTPA with few exceptions).The range of donor GFR was 62 to 148 ml/min.The recipients were classified into two groups according to donor graft GFR level (GFR≤45 ml/min,n=76; GFR＞45 ml/min,n =96).The predonation dialysis,cold and warm ischemia time,antibody induction,immunosuppressive regimens and HLA mismatch were not significantly different between two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative acute rejection and delay graft function (DGF).The postoperative Scr of GFR＞45 ml/min group in 1 week,1 month,3 months and 1 year was lower compared with the GFR ≤45 ml/min group,and only the difference of Scr in 1 week was significantly different (P＜0.05).A repeated-measure ANOVA revealed no significant differences were found in Scr variation of two groups during the first year after transplantation.Conclusions Predonation GFR of the donor has effect on the Scr of postoperative Ⅰ week of recipients,not on the Scr within a year.Recipients with graft GFR＞45 ml/min have lower Scr levels.

Objective To explore the feasibility of detecting atherosclerosis with 7.0T MR and Micro-PET. Methods Ten 46-week-old ApoE-/- mice with high lipid diet for 6 months were selected to establish atherosclerosis models. Among them, 5 mice underwent MRI before and 12 h, 24 h, 36 h after injection of SPIO, respectively, and the other 5 mice were injected with ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) through tail vein and observed with Micro-PET after 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. The specimens of abdominal aorta were taken for pathologic examination. Results Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in all animals with 7.0T MRI after 6 months high lipid diet. Thirty-six hours after the injection of SPIO, the high signal rings were thinner and the lumen of blood vessels were wider than those before injection on T2WI. Radioactive concentration was observed in abdominal aorta and both sides of iliac artery 3 h after the injection of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG). Pathological examination showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the aggregation of the macrophages. Conclusion 7.0T MRI and Micro-PET can be used to observe the macrophage-rich plaque and to judge the vulnerability of plaque, thus provide theoretical basis for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.