Objective To study the effects of CBL teaching mode on treatment plan making process among orthodontic postgraduates. Methods Totally 42 junior and senior orthodontic post-graduates were randomly divided into 2 groups (21 per group)named as experimental group and test group. Each group was further divided in to 3 teams involved in CBL and traditional teaching. Six cases of the same type malocclusion were selected each time;after 4 teaching cycle,test scores of two groups were analyzed with SPSS 19.0. Results were shown as mean ± standard deviation and t test andχ2 test were applied to evaluate the rationality and accuracy of treatment plan made by students. Survey questionnaire were issued to teachers and students after class and the assessment results of CBL teaching mode were summed up. Results Test scores were (88.61±8.34)in experimental group and (76.13±8.59)in control group with significant differences (t=3.16,P=0.01). Pass rate of two groups were 96.12%and 87.51%with significant differences (χ2=4.76,P=0.02). During the first teaching program, accurate rates of experimental group and control group were respectively 31.00% and 36.70% and ra-tionality were 33.31%and 33.30%. During the second teaching program,accurate rates of experimen-tal group and control group were 68.80%and 45.70%and rationality were 62.72%and 43.37%. During the third teaching program,accurate rates of experimental group and control group were 89.70% and 51.20%,and rationality were 95.00% and 66.70%. During the fourth program,accurate rates of ex-perimental group and control group were respectively 97.80% and 55.30% and rationality were 98.30% and 75.60%. Conclusions CBL teaching mode is helpful to improve the students' ability of analyzing clinical cases and making more accurate and rational treatment plan,however the increasing teaching cost and the course load are also involved.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin(Cur)on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid(TNBS)induced colitis and to investigate cytokines change in colon mucosa,spleen and sera.Methods Colitis was induced in SD rats by intrarectal injection of TNBS(100 mg/kg).Experi- mental animals were divided into negative control group,TNBS group and Cur therapeutic group(Cur, 30 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),intraperitoneal injection).Expression of cytokines mRNA in colon mucosa was observed by RT-PCR,intracellular cytokines of interferon(IFN)-?and interleukin(IL)-4 in splenocytes were detected by flow cytometry(FCM),concentrations of IFN-?and IL-4 in sera were determined by enzyme-link immunosorbent analysis(ELISA).Results After treatment with Cur,macroscopic scores (3.9?1.0 vs.2.2?0.7),myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity(15.0?2.6 vs.7.3?1.4),mRNA of IFN-?(1.02?0.07 vs.0.06?0.02,mRNAof IL-12(0.29?0.05 vs.0.11?0.01)and the ratio of IFN-?/IL-4(11.44?0.97 vs.0.38?0.10)in colon mucosa,proportion of IFN-?CD4~+(31.7?7.5 vs. 21.1?3.7)and the ratio of IFN-?/IL-4 CD4~+(19.9?5.1 vs.6.1?1.8)in splenocytes,concentra tions of IFN-?[(1528?159)pg/ml vs.(513?14)pg/ml] and the ratio of IFN-?/IL-4(19.5?4.1 vs. 4.2?0.6)in sera were all decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Meanwhile,mRNA of IL-4(0.09?0.01 vs.0.15?0.04)and IL-10(0.28?0.08 vs.0.63?0.12)in colon mucosa,proportion of IL-4 CD4~+ (1.6?0.5 vs.3.4?1.1)in splenocytes and concentrations of IL-4 in sera[(81?15)pg/ml vs.(124?20) pg/ml] were all increased after the treatment of Cur(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Cur showed ther- apeutic effects on TNBS-induced colitis,and the mechanism might be through regulating the balance of Th1/ Th2 in colon locally and systematically.

Objective To observe the effect of Yiqixue Buganshen Recipes(YBR), the compound recipes of Chinese herbal medicine with the actions of replenishing Qi and blood and tonifying liver and kidney, on the endometrial integrin β3 of the mice with embryo implantation dysfunction, and to explore the molecular mechanism of YBR in improving embryo implantation. Methods Ninety mice were divided normal group, model group, and YBR group, 30 mice in each group. YBR group was given Jinghou Zengzhi granules 8mg/kg for promoting post-menstruation proliferation and Cuhuangti granules 8mg/kg for promoting the formation of corpora luteum. At 8∶00 am of pregnant day 4 (Pd4), subcutaneous injection of mifepristone was used for inducing embryo implantation dysfunction in the model group and YBR group. Twenty mice from each group were executed 12 hours after subcutaneous injection of mifepristone, and the uterus was isolated for the detection of mice endometrial integrin β3 mRNA and protein expression with real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting method respectively. Ten mice from each group at Pd4 were executed, and the uterus was isolated and then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for the detection of the formation of pinopode in mice endometrium under scanning electron microscope. Results The detection by real-time PCR and Western blotting method revealed that integrinβ3 mRNA and protein expression levels of the model group were significantly lower than those of the normal group (P<0.05), and YBR group had higher integrin β3 mRNA and protein expression levels than the model group(P<0.05). The formation of pinopodes in the model group was less than the normal group and YBR group, but the number of formed pinopodes in YBR group was similar to that in the normal group. Conclusion YBR can up-regulate the expression of integrin β3 in the endometrium of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction, and have positive regulatory effect on the formation of pinopodes on Pd4.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) first presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods The clinical data of 100 cases of FUO, diagnosed as TB finally, among in-patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results ( 1 ) Sites of TB: there were 39 patients with merely pulmonary TB, 28 patients with merely extrapulmonary TB, and 33 patients with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. (2) Clinical manifestations: depending on the different sites of tuberculous lesion, the clinical symptoms varied accordingly. The common laboratory findings included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevation of the level of ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP). (3) Methods for diagnosis: 34 cases were diagnosed by sputum smearor cultivation-positive for acid-fast bacilli; 8 cases by histopathology; 49 cases by clinical diagnosis of TB with an effective anti-TB therapy; and 9 cases by effective diagnostic anti-TB therapy. (4) Responses to treatment: among 73 cases with complete follow-up data, only 2 cases (2. 7% ) died and the other cases were cured or alleviated. Fifty-five cases (77.5%) showed marked efficacy after less than 4 weeks of regular anti-TB therapy, 37 cases ( 52. 1% ) suffered adverse effects of anti-TB agents, and all of them had improved after modifying anti-TB therapy and supporting treatment. Conclusions The diagnosis of TB that presents as FUO is quite difficult, and the median interval time for making diagnosis is 14 weeks (3-77weeks). Investigating clinical manifestations comprehensively, reviewing radiology data carefully, and eliciting microbiological and pathologic evidence of TB, are extremely important for making the correct diagnosis. In some cases, a therapeatic trial of anti-TB therapy is necessary.

BACKGROUNDMesenteric artery thrombosis is prone to occur at specific arterial regions with different fluid flow patterns, yet mechanistic links between blood flow and vascular function remain unclear. This study aimd to investigate the role of blood flow in regulation of vascular function and gene expression in rats.

METHODSIsometric tension was recorded in wire myograph to examine vascular function of specific regions (trunk parts and proximal parts from the origin) with different blood flow in superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Endothelial nitric oxide syntheses (eNOS), phosphorylated-eNOS (p-eNOS), serine-threonine kinase Akt and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) protein expressions in SMA were examined by Western blotting. Significance was analyzed using a Student's t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Dunnett's multiple-comparison post hoc test.

RESULTSCompared with trunks, proximal parts exhibited severely impaired relaxant responses to acetylcholine (Ach) (1 nmol/L to 10 micromol/L) (P < 0.01). p-eNOS and p-Akt protein levels were significantly reduced in proximal parts of SMA (0.37 +/- 0.03, 0.42 +/- 0.03 respectively) versus trunk parts (0.82 +/- 0.03, 0.72 +/- 0.03 respectively, both P < 0.05) while total eNOS and Akt expressions remain comparable in both regions by Western blotting analysis (0.70 +/- 0.03 vs 0.82 +/- 0.03; 0.70 +/- 0.03 vs 0.77 +/- 0.03 respectively, both P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCritical components that drive the vascular function and influence the localization of mesenteric artery thrombosis are flow-responsive elements within the vascular endothelium.

Acetylcholine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shear Strength ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

Objective To determine the effect of 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA) to reduce postoperation bleeding following in mitral valve replacement.Method 50 adult patients uddergoing mitral valve replacement was adopted a double-bisind randomized trial to be divided into two groups.Each group is 25 patients.The patients in control groups received NS,the ones in study groups received NS as same as control groups but added EACE 10 g by intravation.The bleeding amount in cavitas thoracis were recorded on the sixth,twenty-fourth postoperative hours and ACT was recorded as well.Results The bleeding amount in study groups on the sixth postoperative hours were (290.0±41.3) ml.On twenty-fourth postoperative hours were (336.3±81.3) ml.The bleeding amount in control groups on the sixth postoperative hours were (393.4±73.6) ml.On twenty-fourth postoperative hours were (450.0±79.6) ml.The bleeding amount in study groups were decreased significantly as compared with in control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:6-aminocaproic acid can reduce postoperation bleeding following in mitral valve replacement.

BACKGROUNDThe role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the immunopathogenesis of individual cancer is not clear and is a challenge for anti-tumor immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin (IL)-18 and -12 on cytotoxic functions of TILs.

METHODSTILs from postoperative gastric cancer patients were costimulated with IL-18 and IL-12. SGC-7901 tumor cells were pre-incubated with TILs and subcutaneously injected into BALB/C SCID mice. The function of TILs was evaluated by measuring tumor sizes in tumor-bearing mice, T helper (Th)1 (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ) and Th2 cytokine levels (IL-10 and IL-4) in serum and cytotoxicity of mouse natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells.

RESULTSIL-18 and IL-12 synergistically inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cells in vivo and significantly extended the survival rate of SGC-7901-bearing mice (66.7% vs. 13.7%, P < 0.01). Moreover, TILs could promote the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ ((130.34 ± 7.65) vs. (210.63 ± 12.31) pg/ml, P < 0.01; (14.23 ± 1.97) vs. (30.52 ± 2.12) pg/ml, P < 0.01), and downregulate IL-10 and IL-4 secretion ((103.72 ± 11.21) vs. (61.36 ± 5.41) pg/ml, P = 0.021; (49.36 ± 4.67) vs. (28.48 ± 3.86) pg/ml, P = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONIL-18 and IL-12 can synergistically enhance cytotoxic functions of TILs from human gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-12 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-18 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; Female ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Male ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases ; metabolism ; Middle Aged

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Langer-Giedion Syndrome ; diagnosis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatoses ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pedigree