With the rapid development of medical science,‘ faithfulness,expressiveness and elegancy' theory has been endued with novel implications and can guide the translation of medical English.A translation of medical English with high quality should contain faithful information,grammatically complete sentences and understandable words as well as maintain the stylistic features of Chinese abstract,which lead to the speciality and rigour of the article.The guiding role of ‘ faithfulness,expressiveness and elegancy' theory in the understanding and translation of English papers was discussed in this article with common problems selected from medical journals.Several suggestions were proposed to the translators of medical English on the practice of the theory.

AIM: To study the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a tea extract, on the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the possible mechanisms in vitro. METHODS: The expression of MUC1 in breast cancer cells treated with or without EGCG was detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of EGCG on invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated using Transwell chambers attached with polycarbonate filters and reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). Gelatin zymography was performed to detect the secretion of collagenase-Ⅳ. RESULTS: EGCG reduced the expression of MUC1, significantly suppressed the invasion of tumor cells to basement membrane and reduced the secretion of collagenase-Ⅳ. CONCLUSION: In vitro, EGCG may suppress invasion, metastasis, and collagenase-Ⅳ secretion in MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the production of MUC1.

The ideological and political workers in hospitals are organizers and executors of the hospitals'moral construction. The changeability and plasticity of the moral personality of them make it possible to found their moral personalities.The function of the moral personalities of ideological and political workers in hospitals and the practical need for the structure of hospital's morality show clearly that it is necessary to found their moral personalityes.

Objective To observe the effect of maternal deprivation(MD)on learning and memory ability and hippocampal pathology and nestin expression in rats with hypoxic -ischemic brain damage (HIBD).Methods The models of HIBD SD male rats were established by the method of Rice,and were randomly divided into 2 groups:MD group and control group.In addition,the sham -operation group(sham group)models were established.The MD group rats were separated from their mother 3 hours per day from the second day after modeling to the 21 st postnatal day.After 28 postnatal days,Morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of the rat models.HE stai-ning was employed to observe the hippocampal pathological change in the rats.Then,the expression of nestin in the hip-pocampus was measured by the method of immunohistochemistry.Results Their body mass changes showed that quali-ty of sham group was higher than that of the control and the MD groups,and quality was improved in the control group, compared with the MD group,and the differences were statistically significant(q =9.860 8,3.880 7,5.980 1 ,all P <0.05).The water maze scores of the MD group in place navigation test and spatial probe test were much lower than that of the control group and the sham group,and the scores of the sham group were higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(all P <0.05 ).The findings of HE stain showed that the pathology in the right -sided hippocampus of the sham group was normal and neurons were well -arranged,and that of control group was minimally abnormal,and the neurons were almost arranged orderly and remained normal.While,the pathomorpholo-gy of the MD group was obviously abnormal,the neurons were arranged disorderly,many of the neurons lost.According to the immunohistochemical findings,the number of nestin -positive cells in right -sided hippocampus of the MD group was significantly less than that of the control group,and the number of nestin -positive cells of the sham group was less than that of the MD group,which showed significant differences among the groups(all P <0.05).Conclusions MD aggravated injury to learning and memory ability of neonatal rats with HIBD,and decrease the number of nestin -posi-tive cells of MD markedly,which is not good for the recovery of brain injury.

OBJECTIVETo dynamically assess drug targeting of Yougui Pill (YP) and Zuogui Pill (ZP) using infrared thermography.

METHODSIn this self-control experiment, five healthy volunteers were recruited. By using infrared thermography 10 to 11 thermal images of different body locations were taken from each participant after they took warm water, YP, ZP, and their dissembled prescriptions at 30, 70, 100, 130, and 160 min, respectively. The heat values in the lower quadrant abdomen, uterus, Du channel, and Shenque (CV8) were statistically analyzed after scanning for 125 times.

RESULTSAdministration of YP and its disassembled prescriptions enhanced the heat value of the locations of the Du channel and Shenque (CV8), but did no enhance the heat value of the lower quadrant abdomen at 30 min. Administration of ZP and its disassembled prescriptions reduced the heat value in the locations of the lower quadrant abdomen, uterus, Du channel, and Shenque (CV8) at each time point.

CONCLUSIONThe drug targeting of ZP and YP focused on the locations of the Du channel and Shenque (CV8), not on the locations of the lower quadrant abdomen or uterus.

Adult ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infrared Rays ; Thermography ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To examine the expression of heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer and elucidate the relationship between HB-EGF and the resistance of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel. Methods The human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 and the paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/Taxol were cultured in vitro. Western blot was used to dectect the expression of HB-EGF protein in A2780 and A2780/Taxol groups. The A2780 cells were treated with cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197 and A2780 + CRM197 group) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO;A2780 group), while the A2780/Taxol cells were treated with CRM197 (A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group) or DMSO (A2780/Taxol group). The effects of CRM197 on growth and proliferation was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium( MTT) and the results were showed as absorbance (A).The effects of CRM197 on cell cycles was tested by flow cytometry, while the effects of CRM197 on apoptosis was examined by caspase-3 activity assay and the results were showed as p-nitroaniline(pNa). In animal experiment, four groups of cells were inoculated to BALB/c nude mouse subcutaneously to observe tumor formation ability following CRM197 treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of HB-EGF protein in A2780 and A2780/Taxol group. Results The expression level of HB-EGF protein in A2780/Taxol group (2.11±0.41) was significantly higher than that of A2780 group (0.75±0.20;P<0.01). The inhibition effect of CRM197 on the cell growth of A2780+CRM197 and A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group was accompanied by the acceleration of CRM197 concentration(P<0.01). When CRM197≥1 μg/ml, the inhibition effect of CRM197 on the cell growth of A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group was significantly higher than that in A2780/Taxol group(P<0.05). In cell cycle experiment, CRM197 induced the cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in A2780+CRM197 cells[(67 ± 4)%] compared with A2780 cells[(54 ± 6)%;P<0.01], while CRM197 significantly induced the cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 cells [(72± 4)%] compared with A2780/Taxol cells [(24±8)%;P<0.01]. CRM197 treatment in A2780+CRM197 group [(40 ± 6)μmol/L] led to the acceleration of the caspase-3 activity when compared to A2780 group [(6 ± 6)μmol/L;P<0.01], while CRM197 treatment in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group [(66 ± 12)μmol/L] led to significant acceleration of the caspase-3 activity when compared to A2780 group [(9 ± 6)μmol/L;P<0.01]. In experiments in vivo, the expression scores of HB-EGF protein in A2780/Taxol tumors(10.8 ± 3.3) were higher than that in A2780 tumors (5.0±2.2;P<0.01). The tumor size and tumor weight of the A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group were both higher than those of the A2780+CRM197 group [(546 ± 85) mm3 vs (1 355 ± 119) mm3,(0.56 ± 0.09) g vs (1.31 ± 0.27) g; all P<0.01]. The CRM197 inhibition rate of the A2780+CRM197 and A2780/Taxol + CRM197 group were 43% and 68% respectively, showed that CRM197 significantly suppressed the growth of A2780/Taxol xenografts in vivo(P<0.01). Conclusions HB-EGF is over-expressed in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer and may be contributes to drug resistance. Inhibition of HB-EGF expression potently enhances apoptosis and inhibit the growth of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer, shedding light on the HB-EGF-targeted therapy options for chemoresistant ovarian cancer patients.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of andrographolide (AD) on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells,and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of AD.Methods Human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa cells were cultured in vitro.After induced by 100 nmol/L of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 24 h,different concentration of AD was co-incubated for another 24 h.Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliym (MTT) assay.Chamber invasion assay was used to observe the migration and invasion,respectively.Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit were detected by Western blot.Results The concentration (0 ～ 10 μmol/L) of AD exhibited a non-cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells.10 μmol/L of AD decreased PMA-induced migration by 49％ and invasion by 52％.Western blot showed that AD suppressed PMA-induced MMP-9 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner.Treatment of AD could decrease the translation of p65 in HeLa cells.Conclusions AD inhibits MMP-9 expression mediated by NF-κB,which lead to the suppression of migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

Objective To analyze the relationship between UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)gene polymorphism and delayed diarrhea caused by FOLFIRI treatment.Methods Two hundred and one blood samples were taken from patients with metastatic digestive tract tumor before chemotherapy by FOLFIRI and then the UGT1A1 * 28 genetic polymorphism was performed.All the cases treated with FOLFIRI were chosen to be observed and recorded by situation of the delayed diarrhea during chemotherapy,and to analyze the relationship between UGT1A1 * 28 genetic polymorphism and grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhea.Results The distributions of the genotypes in 201 metastatic digestive tract tumor patients were as follows:UGT1A1 * 28 wild-type genotype TA6/6 (155,77.11％),heterozygous genotype TA6/7 together with homozygous genotype TA7/7 (46,22.89％).In the 201 cases,the incidences of grade 1 and 2 delayed diarrhea in the patients carrying wild-type genotype and mutant type were respectively 45.16％ (70/155),39.13％ (18/46).The incidences of grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhea were respectively 9.68％ (15/155),19.57％ (9/46),with no statistical difference (x2 =3.318,P =0.190).Conclusion The UGT1A1 * 28 polymorphism TA6/7 or TA7/7 can not increase the risk of grade 3 or more severe delayed diarrhea for the patients with metastatic digestive tract tumor after receiving FOLFIRI treatment.

In recent years,laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) with lymphadenectomy is increasingly utilized for the management of gastric cancer located in the middle or upper third of the stomach.However,esophagojejunostomy is the key technical difficulty in operation.Compared with conventional extracorporeal esophagojejunostomy via mini-laparotomy,pioneers are attempting to perform intracorporeal anastomosis in order to gain better manipulation and minimally invasive benefits,as well as reducing the difficulties in digestive tract reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of CRM197, the heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) inhibitor, on the reverse of the resistance ofovarian cancer to paclitaxel. Methods (1)The effect of CRM197 on the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/Taxol was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Western blot was used to detect the effect of CRM197 on the expression of HB-EGF,epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and plasma membrane glycoprotein (P-gp) protein in A2780 and A2780/Taxol cells. Real-time PCR was used to examine the MDR1 mRNA expression in these cells. (2) A2780/Taxol cells were divided into 4 groups, including the cells transfected with empty vector and saline treatment (empty vector group), MDR1 small interference RNA (siRNA)vector and saline treatment (MDR1 siRNA group),empty vector and CRM197 treatment (empty vector+CRM197 group) and MDR1 siRNA vector and CRM197 treatment (MDR1 siRNA+CRM197 group), respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detecte the effect of intracellular rhodomine 123 (Rh123) accumulation, and caspase-3 activity assay was used to test the effect of apoptosis in four groups of A2780/Taxol cells. (3) In experiments in vivo, A2780/Taxol cells were inoculated to nude mouse subcutaneously to determine the EGFR and P-gp protein expression following CRM197 treatment by immunohistochemistry. Results (1)In vitro,MTT examination showed that the IC50 of A2780/Taxol cells to paclitaxel in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group [(6.4±0.3)μmol/L] was significantly lower than the IC50 in A2780/Taxol group [(34.1± 0.5)μmol/L,P<0.01], and the reveral fold of CRM197 was 5.3. The expression level of HB-EGF protein in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group (1.44 ± 0.29) was significantly lower than HB-EGF protein in A2780/Taxol group (2.72 ± 0.32),respectively (P<0.05). The expression level of EGFR protein (0.71 ± 0.25) and P-gp protein (0.82±0.19) in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group was significantly lower than EGFR protein (1.87±0.31) and P-gp protein (1.84 ± 0.27) of A2780/Taxol group (P<0.05). Compared with A2780/Taxol group(1.78 ± 0.27), MDR1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group (0.79 ± 0.13,P<0.05). (2) The fluorescence intensity of Rh123 of the A2780/Taxol cells in empty vector group, MDR1 siRNA group,empty vector+CRM197 group, MDR1 siRNA+CRM197 group was 33.4±1.6, 56.3±3.3, 43.5± 3.1,100.4 ± 7.4, and the pNA of the A2780/Taxol cells was(11.4 ± 1.2),(52.8 ± 0.9),(71.2 ± 3.6),(82.7 ± 3.8)μmol/L. The expression levels in MDR1 siRNA+CRM197 group were both higher than the expression levels in empty vector+CRM197 group, and the expression levels in empty vector+CRM197 group, MDR1 siRNA group were both higher than the expression levels in empty vector group (P<0.05). (3) In vivo, the expression scores of EGFR protein in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 tumors (4.4 ± 1.4) were lower than that in A2780/Taxol tumors (10.2 ± 3.1,P<0.05). The expression scores of P-gp protein in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 tumors (3.8 ± 1.1) were lower than that in A2780/Taxol tumors (8.8 ± 2.7,P<0.05). Conclusion CRM197 reverses the resistance of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel by increasing caspase-3 activity to advance apoptosis via EGFR/MDR1/P-gp pathway.