Purpose Dual-energy coronary artery CT angiography (CTA) is a very promising one-stop examine, but the radiation dose is too high to hinder the development of the technology. The aim of this article is to explore the feasibility of low tube current combined with sonogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) technology in dual energy coronary artery CTA scan. Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into four groups according to the tube current of A ball:conventional group (180 mAs) and low-dose groups (150 mAs, 120 mAs, 90 mAs). The SAFIRE 3 reconstruction method was used in the low-dose groups. The differences of mean CT values, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image quality score and effective dose (ED) of the four groups were compared. Results The coronary artery segment display and the mean CT value of the four groups showed no statistic difference (P>0.05), while the image quality score, noise, SNR, and CNR showed statistic difference (P<0.05). The image quality score, SNR, and CNR was highest in the 150 mAs group, but noise was the lowest. There were no statistic difference of the image quality score, SNR, and CNR between the 180 mAs group and 90 mAs group (P>0.05). The ED was (5.50±1.47) mSv, (4.55±1.16) mSv, (3.41±0.77) mSv and (2.44±0.67) mSv, respectively for the four groups, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). ED of 90 mAs group decreased 55.62% than that of 180 mAs group. Conclusion Coronary artery CTA using 90 mAs combined with SAFIRE can significantly reduce the radiation dose without losing image quality, thus it has a good prospect of clinical application.

Resveratrol, as a natural polyphenolic compound, has a wide range of beneficial effects, which includes anti-tumor, cardiovascular protection, anti-oxidant and estrogen-like effects, and so on. Its various physiological properties are closely related to the therapeutic principle for prevention and treatment of high altitude hypoxia injury. Resveratrol may play an important role in relieving or curing high altitude diseases, especially high altitude polycythemia(HAPC). However, the literature about study and application of resveratrol in plateau medicine field is rarely reported up to now. In this review, we summarized the physiological effects of resveratrol, discussed the possible main principle of resveratrol for HAPC therapy, and looked forward to resveratrol's perspective or potential application in high altitude medicine.
Altitude ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; Polycythemia ; drug therapy ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between fractured fragment and joint disc displacement after sagittal fracture of mandibular condyle (SFMC).

METHODSbased on CT examination, SFMC were classified into fissue, displacement and dislocation type. Based on oblique sagittal MRI examination, the displacement of joint disc was grouped into type A and type B. Abnormal superiorposterior attachment was classified into elongation and avulsion type.

RESULTSCT exmination were taken in 26 patients with 41 SFMC. There were 5 SFMC (12%) with fissue type, 18 SFMC (44%) with displacement type and 18 SFMC (44%) with dislocation type. Both CT and MRI examination were taken in 19 patients with 32 SFMC. There were 27 (84%) SFMC with disc displacement. Five SFMC with type fissue showed no signs of disc displacement. Among 15 SFMC with type displacement, there were 3 cases with type A disc displacement and 12 cases with type B disc displacement. All the dislocated SFMC (12 cases) were type B disc displacement. In term of superiorposterior attachment figures, 4 cases (4/5) of type fissue SFMC showed normal. 14 cases (14/15) of the displacement SFMC showed elongated and all cases with dislocated SFMC showed sign of avulsion. There were 20 cases (63%) showing superior joint effusion. There were 13 cases (13/15) with displaced SFMC and 6 cases with dislocated SFMC showing joint effusion. One case with fissue SFMC showed no sign of joint effusion.

CONCLUSIONSJoint effusion, disc displacement and abnormal superiorposterior attachment were related to the displacement of condyle which was involved with SFMC.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle ; injuries ; Mandibular Fractures ; classification ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; pathology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the surgical and non-surgical treatment of condylar fracture using Meta-analysis system.

METHODSThe key words: mandible, condyle, fracture and treatment/therapy were adopted to search for the objective articles from following Data-base: Medline, Embase, CCTR and CNKI. The available data were statistically dealt with by software package (RevMan 4.1).

RESULTSIn 172 associated articles, only 10 (5.8%) fulfilled the entrance criteria, involving 711 cases. A total of 307 patients underwent surgical treatment due to severely displacement or dislocation of fragment, 239 of the m (78.0%) being subcondylar fracture. A total of 404 patients received non-surgical management, 278 of them (68.7%) being lower level fracture without significant displacement. Surgical treatment outbalanced non-surgical approach in rehabilitation of occlusional relationship and an adverse outcome was noted in term of maximum mouth opening, but the re was no significant difference in postoperative joint pain.

CONCLUSIONSSeverely displaced and dislocated condylar fracture is indicated for surgical treatment.

Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; injuries ; surgery ; Mandibular Fractures ; surgery ; therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Adolescent ; Altitude ; Brain ; drug effects ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simple hypobaric hypoxia on parameters of hematology and blood rheology in order to establish a rat model of simulated high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) for the study of pathophysiologic mechanisms and medical prevention and treatment of HAPC.

METHODSForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three normal control groups and three hypoxia model groups. Normal control group rats were bred in normoxia conditions, and hypoxia group rats were subjected to hypoxic exposure for 8 hours per day at simulated 5 500 m high altitude in a hypobaric chamber. After hypoxic exposure for 2, 4, 12 weeks, one group of normal control and hypoxia model rats were killed and blood was collected, respectively. Then parameters of erythrocyte and blood rheology were examined.

RESULTSMucous membrane of hypoxia model rats showed obviously cyanosis after 2 weeks hypoxic exposure. Hemoglobin concentration of hypoxia model rats were beyond 210 g/L after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks hypoxia exposure and significantly increased than that of normal control rats respectively. Besides, RBC counts, hematocrit, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index of hypoxia model rats were all notably higher than those of normal control rats respectively.

CONCLUSIONA rat model of high altitude polycythemia can be rapidly established by hypobaric hypoxia exposure at simulated 5 500 m high altitude for 8 hours daily.

Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Count ; Hematocrit ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Polycythemia ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Altitude ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption

OBJECTIVETo put forward a revised scheme on LeFort classification for the upper jaw fractures.

METHODS193 consecutive cases with the primary diagnoses of upper jaw fractures were involved in this study, for each one of which water's and CT scan were available to decide the fracture site and pattern. Data were filed in term of classification items as LeFort I, II and III fracture, as well as sagittal fracture and alveolar fracture. Statistical analysis was done to validate the meliorating thought on and revised scheme on LeFort classification.

RESULTSIt was validated that of 185 cases with upper jaw fractures only 30.81% which presented single-line fracture and 34.06% which presented multiple-line fracture were covered with LeFort classification. Additional 13.51% with single-line fracture and 21.61% with multiple-line fracture could be included when LeFort classification was extended with increase of items of sagittal fracture and alveolar fracture. Further results revealed that among total 344 sites or fracture lines included in 193 cases, 81.10% could be diagnosed fracture pattern of LeFort classification. Of 65 fracture sites presenting LeFort III type, 92.31% were concomitant with LeFort II type or LeFort I and II type, very few being alone.

CONCLUSIONSA revised classification was proposeded that upper jaw fractures could be classified into four types as follows: (1) high horizontal fracture (corresponding to LeFort II and III type), (2) low horizontal fracture (corresponding to LeFort I type), (3) sagittal fracture (including midline and para-midline fracture) and (4) alveolar fracture.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Fractures ; classification ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of phytoestrogen alpha-zearalanol (alpha-ZAL) on normal human breast.

METHODSTen specimens of normal human breast tissues were subcutaneously implanted into 30 athymic nude mice aged 9-10 weeks, one for 3 mice. These mice were then randomly divided into three groups: control group (without hormone treatment, n = 10), 1 mg/kg alpha-ZAL group (n = 10), and 5 mg/kg alpha-ZAL group (n = 10). All breast tissues were taken out 6 weeks later. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), inhibiting apoptosis gene Bcl-2, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) mRNA and bridging integrator protein-1 (BIN1) mRNA. Morphological features of grafts before and after treatment were also observed.

RESULTSAlpha-ZAL had no significant effects on Bcl-2, PCNA, ER, and PR expression of mammary epithelial cells in graft specimens. Alpha-ZAL upregulated BIN1 mRNA expression in grafts, but had no significant effect on ESTmRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONSAlpha-ZAL does not affect the morphology, proliferating, and apoptosis of epithelial cells in normal human breast tissues implanted into nude mice, but it may increase the gene expression of tumor-inhibiting BIN1, suggesting that alpha-ZAL may have potential proteotive effect on normal human breast.

Adult ; Animals ; Breast ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Zeranol ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the invasion situation of cardinal ligaments(CL) in stage Ⅰ A2 - ⅡA2 cervical cancer and to find the high risk clinicopathological factors affecting its invasion .Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on the clinicopathological data in 2 982 patients with cervical cancer treated by operation extracted in 5 hospitals from January 2004 to De‐cember 2014 .Results (1) Totally 855 cases according with the research condition were included .The CL invasion was found in 20 cases(2 .3% ) .No CL invasion occurred in the stage ⅠA2 ,the CL invasion rate in the stage ⅠB1 was 1 .7% ,in the stage ⅠB2 was 1 .2% ,in the stage ⅡA1 was 5 .7% and in the stage ⅡA2 was 2 .9% .With the increase of FIGO staging ,the CL invasion rate had no significant increase(P=0 .269) .(2) The infiltration rate of left CL and right CL had no statistical difference among the stageⅠA2- ⅡA2(P=1 .000) .And the invasion rate of the left CL with different FIGO stages had no statistical difference(P=0 .286) , while the right one had statistical difference(P=0 .005) ,in which the highest was in the stage ⅡA1 (4 .3% ) .(3)The univariate a‐nalysis found that lymph‐vascular invasion ,cervical stroma infiltration depth ,pelvic lymph node metastasis ,uterus body infiltration and vaginal fornix infiltration were the risk factors of CL invasion(P<0 .01);the further multivariate analysis determined that the invasion of uterine body(OR=11 .858) ,pelvic lymph node metastasis(OR=6 .359 ,) ,vaginal fornix infiltration(OR=6 .012 ,) were the risk factors for CL invasion(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The invasion rate of CL invasion in early stage cervcial cancer is low .The invasion of uterine body ,pelvic lymph node metastasis and vaginal fornix filtration are the risk factors for CL invasion in the stageⅠA2- ⅡA2 cervical cancer .