Endocrinology is a new and important medical science.Owing to the great development of modern scientific revolution,it improves quickly.However,the development of endocrinology abides by the laws of epistemology and dialectics.It embodies not only the practicality,penetration,creativity of the scientific cognition,the law of the unity of oppositeness in the growth of the object,but also the high unity of comprehension and analysis of the cognition.

Objective To study the effects of different levels of hemodilution during extracorporeal circulation(ECC) on the concentration of lactic acid and postoperative outcome in children with congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty children with congenital heart diseases undergoing open heart surgery with ECC were randomly divided into three groups: groupⅠ(n=20) underwent mild hemodilution [Hb(80—90)g/L],groupⅡ(n=20) with medium hemodilution [Hb(70—79)g/L],and groupⅢ(n=20) with deep hemodilution [Hb(60—69)g/L].The concentration of lactic acid and PaO_2 in groupⅡ and group Ⅲ were compared with groupⅠ before ECC,during ECC,after ECC and 24h after the operation.The rate of homologous transfusion during ECC and the postoperative dosage of furosemide were also compared among the three groups.Results The concentrations of lactic acid and PaO2 in the three groups were all within normal range before ECC,during ECC,after ECC and 24h after operation.The homologous transfusion rate during ECC were lower in groupⅡ(30%)and groupⅢ(15%) compared to that of groupⅠ(50%)(P

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of angiotensin-(1-7) 〔Ang-(1-7)〕 on coronary flow and cardiac function in isolated guinea-pig hearts. The isolated guinea-pig heart was perfused in a Langendorff mode. Coronary flow, heart rate, left ventricular pressure and its first derivatives (±dp/dtmax) were recorded. Results showed that Ang-(1-7) (100 or 300 nmol*L-1) caused an increase in coronary flow and an impairment in cardiac function in isolated guinea-pig hearts. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not affect the effect of Ang-(1-7). However, the increased coronary flow by Ang-(1-7) was abolished by pretreatment of Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester, a nitric oxide(NO) synthase inhibitor. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) increases coronary flow and reduces cardiac function, and that the vasodilating action is related to stimulation of NO release.

Objective To study the toxicity of fosthiazate feeding for 90 days in rats, and to determine the maximal non-effective dose of fosthiazate , in order to provide the reference dose for safety in production and chronic toxicity experiment.Methods A total of 80 SD rats ( half female and half male ) were randomly divided into 4 groups, respectively:0.8 mg/kg· bw· d group, 4.0 mg/kg· bw· d group, 20.0 mg/kg· bw· d group, and normal control group .The rats were sacrificed to determine the indices including serum biochemical parameters , body weight , routine urine test and organ coefficients after the end of the experiment , and the results were statistically analyzed .Results In the high dose group, the body weight gain was slowed in male and female rats .The TG and CHE in the high dose group of male rats and the TP, ALB, CREA, GLU, and CHE in the high dose group of female rats were significantly lower than those of normal control group.The ALP in the high dose group of female rats was higher than that of the normal control group .The positive rates of BIL, SG, and PRO in both male and female rats had significant differences compared with those of normal control group.The organ coefficients of brain , lung, kidney, adrenal, and testis of male rats, and the organ coefficients of brain , lung, and kidney of female rats in the high dose group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group .The ovaries and uterus in the female rats of high dose group were significantly lower than those of normal control group ( P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusions The oral dose of fosthiazate at 4.0 mg/kg· bw· d fed for 90 days and above cause toxic effects on rats , and its maximal non-effect dose of long-term intake of low-dose fosthiazate on rats is 4 mg/kg· bw· d.

Silencing ATM gene gave rise to enhanced apoptotic response to irradiation and irradiation-like chemotherapy agents, this paper explored the crucial identities of the molecular elements responsible for the enhanced apoptotic response in U937 cells mediated by silencing ATM gene. Two U937 cell mutants named U937-ASPI3K (ATM, negative) and U937-pZeosv2(+) (ATM, wild-type) were used as a cell model system to identify the critical molecule(s) responsible for the varied apoptotic response in the absence or presence of ATM gene. Apoptosis was examined by measuring concentrations of free nucleosome in U937 cells. Western blot was employed to measure nuclear protein abundance of CDC25A, CDC25B, CDC25C, total p34cdc2, p34cdc2, (Thr 161) or p34cdc2 (Thr 14, Tyr 15). RT-PCR was used to estimate CDC25 transcript levels. U937-ASPI3K exhibited an enhanced apoptotic response to lower dosage of irradiation, which could not be blocked by protein synthesis inhibitor. Protein serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor or cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, on the other hand, abolished the enhancement indicated that protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation modification and CDK activity are required for the enhanced apoptotic response in the absence of ATM gene. Upon irradiation, p34cdc2 in U937-pZeosv2(+) was maintained in an inactive state by phosphorylation on threonine 14 (Thr 14) and tyrosine 15 (Tyr 15), which was associated with a dramatic decrease of nuclear CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C proteins. In contrast, p34cdc2 in U937-ASPI3K maintained in an active state by dephosphorylation on threonine 14 (Thr 14) and tyrosine 15 (Tyr 15), which was associated with constant nuclear CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C protein abundance before and after irradiation. The responsive decrease of nuclear CDC25 proteins occurred at the post-transcription level. Silencing ATM gene blocks the responsive decrease of nuclear CDC25 proteins, which is responsible for failure to inactivate p34cdc2 after irradiation. Active p34cdc2 and CDK2, in turn, acts as the death executors to trigger apoptosis. In summary, aberrantly activated CDK activity is the critical molecular mechanism central to enhanced apoptotic responses in the absence of ATM gene.

OBJECTIVE To investigate nosocomial infection and drug-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) in our hospital to provide the evidence for clinical monitoring and control of nosocomial infection.METHODS The microbiological system MicroScan WalkAway-40 was used to identify PAE and the drug-resistance in vitro was determined by K-B methods.RESULTS Among 325 strains of PAE in two years,imipenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(IRPA) accounted for 14.8%.The highest isolating rates occurred in the intensive care unit(ICU),accounted for 20.9%.The following was senile disease department,accounted for 19.4%.The respiratory department rated the third,accounted for 16.9%.The resistance of IRPA to 11 kinds of common antibiotics was significantly higher than imipenem-sensitive P.aeruginosa(ISPA).Except the drug-resistance of IRPA to ceftazidime,cefepime and aztreonam was below 50.0%,that to the other eight antibiotics was all over 50.0%.CONCLUSIONS The drug-resistance of PAE is very serious in our hosptial.We should perform rigorous monitoring and prevent the outbreak of nosocomial infection with PAE.

OBJECTIVE To study the aminoglycosides modifying enzyme genes and intⅠ gene in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Chinese Armed Police Forces General Hospital.METHODS The samples of 27 multi-resistant S.maltophilia were collected from inpatiens from Jan 2006 to Oct 2007 in this Hospital.The sensitivity of the isolates to 14 antibacterial agents was determined using a broth induction method.The aminoglycosides modifying enzyme genes and intⅠ 1 gene were detected by PCR.RESULTS The multi-drug resistance of S.maltophilia was a serious problem.In 27 strains of S.maltophilia,the positive ant(2″)-Ⅰ were in 5 strains(18.5%),aac(3)-Ⅱ in 3 strains(11.1%)and aac(6')-Ⅱ in 1 strain(3.7%).The positive intⅠ gene was found in 11 strains(29.6%).CONCLUSIONS Multi-resistant S.maltophilia resistant to aminoglycosides mainly due to the presence of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes ant(2″)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ and aac(6')-Ⅱ.The aminoglycoside modifying enzymes ant(3″)-Ⅰ and aac(6)-ⅠZ were not detected carrying IntⅠ would be the reason of S.maltophilia resistant to aminoglycosides.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of atorvastatin in the treatment of chron-ic subdural hematoma(CSDH). METHODS:One hundred and tweaty-eighie CSDH patients selected from our hospital during Jun. 2013-May 2015 were divided into observation group(n=62)and control group(n=66)in accordance with random number table. Both groups were given conventional treatment of brain cell nutrition. Control group received Atorvastatin tablet 20 mg,po,qd;observation group received Atorvastatin tablet 40 mg,po,qd. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Clinical efficacy,CSS and ADL score,hematoma volume,the levels of serum inflammatory factors (hs-CRP,MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α) were observed in 2 groups. ADR was recorded during treatment and recurrence rate was also recorded. RESULTS:2 patients withdrew from observa-tion group and 6 from control group. Finally,120 patients met the criteria were included,with 60 cases in each group. Total re-sponse rate of observation group(88.3%)was significantly better than that of control group(73.3%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). After 1,3,6 months of treatment,CSS score,hematoma volume,the serum levels of hs-CRP,MMP-9,IL-6 and TNF-α in 2 groups were significantly decreased,while ADL score was increased significantly;the improvement of above indexes in observation group was significantly better than in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). The recurrence rate of control group(13.3%)was significantly higher than that of observation group(3.3%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Daily dose of shows ator-vastatin 40 mg better therapeutic efficacy and lower recurrence rate in the treatment of CSDH with good safety.

BACKGROUND: An isodamine, a kind of alkaloid, is extracted from Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher and is also a good protective agent of cell. However, functional change of mitochondrion is the most sensitive index reflecting cell injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of anisodamine on brain mitochondrial damage following global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in domestic rabbits and explore its mechanism.DESIGN: Totally randomized controlled trials.SETTING: Emergency Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Emergency Department, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from September to December in 2002. Thirty healthy domestic rabbits of either sex were used and randomized into sham-operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group and anisodamine group with 10 rabbits in each group.METHODS: The models of complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rabbits were established by ligation of bilateral common carotids and vertebral arteries with systemic hypotension, ischemia lasting for 20 minutes followed by 2-hour reperfusion. Anisodamine group was injected with anisodamine at a dose of 10 mg/kg body mass via femoral vein one minute before reperfusion, and lasted for 2 hours at a dose of 5 mg/hour by micro-pump. Ischemia-reperfusion group was treated with normal saline of the same volume. Sham-operation group only underwent used to determine mitochondrial respiratory functions, including respiratory control rate (RCR), the ratio of adenosine diphosphate to oxygen nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenated (NADH) oxidase, succinate oxidase and cytochrome C oxidase were measured by the oxygenmethod of Yagi.drial calcium (Ca2+) and malondiadhyde (MDA) in cortex.reperfusion group and anisodamine group, RCR, ADP/O, OPR levels were lower than those in sham-operation group [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide chain: RCR: 2.34±0.18,3.58±0.29,4.07±0.38,P ＜ 0.05-0.01;ADP/O: 1.77±0.10,2.23±0.14,2.41±0.17,P ＜ 0.05-0.01; OPR: (5.27±0.78),(8.03±1.30), (9.63±1.50)μkat/g, P ＜ 0.05-0.01; flavin adenine dinucleotide chain: RCR: 1.47±0.23,2.53±0.28,2.84±0.36,P ＜ 0.05-0.01;ADP/O: 0.88±0.09,1.58±0.11,1.73±0.17 ,P ＜ 0.05-0.01; OPR: (6.05±1.13),(7.47±1.40), (8.62±1.60)μkat/g,P ＜ 0.05-0.01], and those were higher in chemia-reperfusion group and anisodamine group, the activities of respiratory chain oxidase of NADH, succinate and cytochrome C were lower than those in sham-operation group [NADH: (2.62±0.35), (4.55±0.48), (5.07±0.60)μkat/g;succinate: (1.48±0.17), (1.83±0.22), (2.10±0.28)μkat/g; cytochrome C:(5.03±1.12), (7.62±1.23), (9.00±1.53)μkat/g, P ＜ 0.05-0.01], and those were higher in anisodamine group than in ischemia-reperfusion group, the content of mitochondrial Ca2+ [(2.36±0.23), (1.39±0.17),(1.22±0.12) mg/g] and MDA [(36.38±10.42), (22.69±9.56), (19.74±7.26)μmol/g,(P ＜ 0.05-0.01 )] was higher than that in sham-operation group, and it was lower in anisodamine group than in ischemia-reperfusion group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Anisodamine can protect the brain against ischemiareperfusion injury at the level of mitochondria by antagonism of Ca2+, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, stabilization of mitochondrial membrane, alleviation of mitochondrial damage, and improvement of motochondrial respiratory functions and the activities of enzymes of respiratory chain.

This thesis mainly expounds the design ideas and the realization methods of medical statistics question database management system.Specifically speaking,the function modules,data structure and business processes of the system are designed based on the analysis of questions,test papers and the needs of system functions.We choose Visual Basic 6.0 to develop the system interface,establish the question database with Access 2003,and make use of Word 2003 to output documents.This system can achieve the separation of teaching and testing effectively which can make examinations more normal and scientific.