BACKGROUND:Oral insulin iS easy to be degradated by hydrochloric acid in gastric iuice and the enzyme which exists in stomach and intestines,while it is dimcult to through the epithelium cell membrane of gastrointestinal.Even a lasting-long injection iS taken,and it still needs an injection once 36 hours.OBJECTIVE:To prepare oraI insulin sustained-release microspheres.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Contrast observation which was carried out at the Laboratory of Medical Chemistry of Nanjing Information Engineering University from September 2003 to December 2004.MATERIALS:Insulin Was provided bv Nanjing Medicinal Factory of Bio-Chemistry.METHODS:A new method tO prepare the microsphere,I.e.,drying through liquid phase was adopted with the special pH and the acrylic acid polymer which could be dissolved as the medicine'S carrier of the sustained-release microphere.MAIN 0UTCOME MEASURES:The effects of polymer concentration and agitation rates on size of microspheres and drug incorporation efficiency were studied by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and ultraviolet-spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The temperature,drug payloads and the content of emulsifier played important effects on microspheres formation.The mean diameter of microspheres decreased with increasing in stirring rate and decreasing in polymer concentration,and drug loading efficiency increased with increasing in stirring rate.CONCLUSION:Insulin-loaded polyacrylate sustained-release microspheres is prepared preferably.

To reduce and avoid the contradiction caused by the right of privacy in nursing practice, the author analyzed problems of patients'privacy in nursing: distance between nursing staffs cognition and practice; doctors' opinion is different from nurses'; the contradiction between privacy and informed consent; problems of privacy relate to bed side teaching; new contents brougth out by science development. Aiming at the problems, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures: to enhance the study of law; to balance the right to privacy and informed consent; to respect patients'privacy, strengthen communication with patients; and to understand new contents about ethics.

BACKGROUND:Anterior decompression, bone graft fusion, plate and screw fixation are commonly used in clinic for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst or comminuted fractures. The posterior surgery including decompression laminectomy and pedicle screw internal fixation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the biomechanical changes of spine after thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated with pedicle screw internal fixation.
METHODS:Forty-six patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation were treated with pedicle screw internal fixation, and then the recovery of spinal cord injury and fracture reduction were observed after internal fixation, immediately after internal fixation and 1-year fol ow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 46 cases were fol owed-up. Frankel function classification assessment was used to evaluate the spinal cord injury grade. There was no significant difference in the percentage of A grade between periods (P>0.05), and there were significant differences in the percentage of B-E grades when compared between immediately postoperative period, 1-year fol ow-up period and preoperative period (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference when compared between immediately postoperative period and 1-year-fol ow period (P>0.05). The anterior height percentage, posterior height percentage and Cobb angle indicators were used to assess the fracture reduction, and the results showed there was no significant difference in posterior height between periods (P>0.05), and there was significant difference in Cobb angle when compared between immediately postoperative period, 1-year fol ow-up period and preoperative period (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between immediately postoperative period and 1-year fol ow-up period (P>0.05). The results indicate that pedicle screw internal fixation system for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fracture and dislocation is conducive to the fracture reduction and functional recovery.

To observe the application effect of anti-eyebrow small incision cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation in blindness prevention and treatment
●METHODS: A total of 526 cataract patients included in regaining sight project of China Disabled Persons' Federation were underwent anti - eyebrow small incision cataract extraction combined with lOL implantation from May 2010 to August 2013.
●RESULTS: Postoperative 1d, uncorrected visual acuity >0. 3 were 345 cases (65. 6%), 0. 1 - 0. 3 were 152 cases (28. 9%), <0. 1 were 29 cases (5. 5%); 1wk after surgery:>0. 5 were 395 cases (75. 1%), 0. 3 - 0. 4 were 101 cases (19. 2%), < 0. 3 were 30 cases (5. 7%). Visual recovery rate was 100%, residual rate was 92. 5%. lntraoperative, 16 cases occurred posterior capsular rupture, 3 cases iridodialysis, 2 cases were Descemet's membrane avulsion. Postoperative, 56 cases ocurred corneal edema, 10 cases of central cornea stroma edema, 22 cases of secondary high intraocular pressure, were restored to normal bansis on the corresponding treatments.
●CONCLUSlON: Anti - eyebrow small incision cataract extractio combined with lOL implantation is effective, and has low complication rate, high security, can popularization and application in large - scale sight rehabilitating project.

Objective:Under the premise of the policy of everybody has medical insurance,it discussed the integration plan of the basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents in Tibet about the problems and the countermeasures.Methods:Descriptive and contrastive methods were used to analyze the status of urban and rural medical system operation in Tibet.Results:The problem of unbalanced development of urban and rural medical and health services in Tibet and the management of post-merger were put forward.Conclusion:It was necessary to put forward policy recommendations from the aspects of horizontal co-ordination,multi-sectoral collaborative management,unified medical insurance information management system,hierarchical diagnosis and treatment mechanism,perfect Tibetan medicine reimbursement catalog,one system and multiple files and vertical co-ordination,and gradually realize the urban and rural medical insurance in Tibet System integration.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological intervention on the quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy. Methods A total of 60 patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled and divided into two groups according to different intervention methods. The control group was treated with Shengmai injection alone. The observation group was treated with psychological intervention + compound Kushen injection.The changes of scores of depression (SDS), anxiety (SAS) and pain (VAS), quality of life (QLQ-CCC) score and adverse reactions were recorded and analyzed before and after intervention in two groups. Results The clinical intervention effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group, the stability of the tumor focus, the degree of pain, the quality of life and other aspects were better than the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with advanced non-smal cel lung cancer chemotherapy choose psychological intervention +compound sophora injection combined treatment effect is remarkable, which can effectively improve the patient's clinical symptoms and quality of life, is worth widely used clinically.

0.05).However,there was significant difference in E-selectin expression among each postmortem stability group of which skin samples were kept at 25℃ degree as compared with the wounded skin at 0h after injury(P

OBJECTIVE: To prepare doxycycline hydrochloride microspheres and to establish a method for its quality control.METHODS: O/O emulsion solvent evaporation method was adopted to prepare doxycycline hydrochloride microspheres with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier.Light microscope was used to detect appearance and particle size of microspheres and UV spectrophotometry was applied to determine the loading rate and release rate of drug in vitro.RESULTS: Prepared microspheres are smooth and round with mean particle size of (49?6.9) ?m and span of 0.9.Average drug loading rate was (3.3?0.2) % and encapsulation efficiency was (52.4?3.2) % (n=3).Accumulative drug release reached 28% within 0.5 h with constant drug release lasting more than 30 days.CONCLUSION: Doxycycline hydrochloride microspheres preparation process is available and controllable in quality.

Objective To observe the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)injection in Meige's syndrome and facial wrinkles and exp lore the method of reducing the side e ffect of BTXAand weaken facial wrink les.Methods Ninety-nine patients were evaluate d on the therapeutic efficacy of single and multiple topical facial in-jection with BTXA.Results The effective rates of patients with blepharospasm were 98.4%,oromandi bular dystonia 90.9%,blepharospasm and o romandibular dystonia 95.8%,respectively.The therapeutic effect for each disease lasted(16.9?8.4)weeks?(12.6?5.4)weeks and(13.5?5.7)weeks,respectively.Facial wrinkl es of all patients has got weakened and seemed much smooth and flattend.The rec overy rate approached to 100%.The local side effects were transient an d mild,and disappeared spontaneously.Conclusions The treatment of Meige's syndrome and facial wrinkles with BTXA could produce a significant impro vement,and is safe.Strictly observ e the procedures of injection,and use adequate dose of BTXA,the side effects o f BTXA can be decreased.

Objective To observe the velocity of left ventricular wall motion features of normal subjects and patients with abnormal regional wall movement of left ventricle with the quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI),and to know whether variances exit between the velocity of left ventricular myocardial motion of the normal subjects and the abnormal subjects with coronary artery disease(CAD) and myocardial ischemia. The practical value of QTVI on myocardium movement of left ventricle was evaluated. Methods The segmental left ventricular wall motion velocity was measured on 27 normal subjects and 21 patients with CAD and myocardial ischemia,including three waves,peak velocity of systolic S wave,diastolic E wave,A wave, and time velocity integrate of S wave(S TVI) was used as measurement parameters.The parameters were analysed between the two groups. Results The velocity and S TVI were gradually decreased from base to apex in the same wall in the control group.There were some abnormal segmental movements in the abnormal group. S wave ,E wave and S TVI of diseased segments in the abnormal group were much lower than those of control group ( P  0.05 ). Conclusions QTVI can quantitatively measure the velocity in abnormal movement segment of ventrical wall of patients with CAD and myocardial ischemia.S wave,E wave and S TVI are better parameters of assessing systolic function of left ventricle.QTVI has clinical application in regional myocardial motion function evaluation.