Objective To compare the feasibility and efficacy of PPSF with OPSF for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods We searched the PUBMED,OVID and Cochrane CENTRAL databases through Jan 2014.All of the clinical trials included were extrac-ted and evaluated by two reviewers independently.Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.2.6 software by the Cochrane Collabora-tion.Results Seven studies including 353 patients met the inclusion criteria.The Meta analysis found there were significant differ-ences between the two procedures in intraoperation blood loss (RR = 1.89,95%CI :1.55 - 2.29,P < 0.05)and operation time (RR=1.21,95%CI :1.12-1.30,P <0.05).For the correction of sagittal Cobb′s angle and the anterior vertebral body height,a-nalysis did not find any significant difference between the PPSF and OPSF(P >0.05).Conclusion Both PPSF and OPSF are safe and efficacious internal fixation methods for treating thoracolumbar fractures,while,PPSF may cause less blood loss and cost less time.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats in vitro.Methods Adult male Wistar rats,weighing 250-300 g,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 30 mg/kg and heparinized.Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95％ O2-5％ CO2 at 37 ℃.Eighteen isolated rat hearts were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group I/R and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group S).At 10 min of equilibration,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 110 min in group C,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 20 min,and then subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion in group I/R,and the hearts were perfused with K-H solution saturated with 3％ sevoflurane for 15 min followed by 5 min washout,and then subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion in group S.At the end of equilibration,immediately before ischemia,and at 15 and 60 min of reperfusion (T1,2),HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),+ dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax were recorded.The development of arrhythmias was recorded during reperfusion and scored.At 60 min of reperfusion,myocardial specimens were obtained from the apex of heart for determination of the expression of ZO-1 in myocardial tissues (by Western blot) and for observation of distribution of ZO-1 and connexin43 (Cx43) (by immunofluorescence).Results Compared with group C,HR,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax were significantly decreased and LVEDP was increased at 15 and 60 min of reperfusion,scores of arrhythmia was increased,and ZO-1 expression was down-regulated in I/R group.Compared with group I/R,HR,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax were significantly increased and LVEDP was decreased at 15 and 60 min of reperfusion,arrhythmia was decreased,and ZO-1 expression was up-regulated in group S.ZO-1 and Cx43 were co-localized at the intercalated disk.ZO-1 was redistributed in the lateralization of the membrane and co-localized with Cx43 in group I/R.The incidence of ZO-1 lateralization was significantly decreased in group S.Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane preconditioning decreases reperfusion arrhythmia is related to inhibition of down-regulation of expression and redistribution of ZO-1 and inhibition of redistribution of Cx43 in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on wnt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats in vitro.Methods Ault male Wistar rats,weighing 220-280 g,were heparinized and anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3％ pentobarbital 30 mg/kg.Their hearts were rapidly excised and perfused in a langendorff apparatus with oxygenated (95％ O2-5％ CO2) K-H solution at 37 ℃.After 15 min of equilibration,36 isolated hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP).After 30 min of equilibration,the hearts were continuously perfused for 150 min in group S.The isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion.In SP group,the hearts were perfused for 15 min with K-H solution containing 2.4％ sevoflurane,followed by 5 min washout before reperfusion.At the end of equilibration and 30 min of reperfusion,HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and ± dp/dtmax were recorded.The severity of arrhythmias was assessed during reperfusion.At 60 min of reperfusion,3 hearts in each group were chosen for measurement of expression of wnt3a,phosphor-GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) and β-catenin (by Western blot).At 120 min of reperfusion,6 hearts in each group were chosen for determination of myocardial infarct size by TTC staining.Results Compared with group S,HR,LVDP,+dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP was increased at 30 min of reperfusion,arrhythmia scores and the percentage of myocardial infarct size were increased,and the expression of wnt3a,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was down-regulated in I/R group.Compared with group I/R,HR,LVDP,+dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax were significantly increased,and LVEDP was decreased at 30 min of reperfusion,arrhythmia scores and the percentage of myocardial infarct size were decreased,and the expression of wnt3a,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was up-regulated in group SP.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates myocardial I/R injury by activating wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in isolated rat hearts.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the regulatory effect of SNMC on the gene expression of the Smad family in pulmonary fibrosis model rats.METHODS: A total of 174 rats were assigned to 6 groups: normal group,model group,positive prednisolone acetate group,SNMC(20,15,10 mL?kg-1?d-1) groups,with the latter 5 groups treated with bleomycin injection to induce pulmonary fibrosis model.At 24 h after modeling,the rats in 6 groups were treated with corresponding drugs day by day before being sacrificed at 1,12,28 days after first-time treatment for extracting of RNA from pulmonary tissues.The expression levels of Smad3,Smad4 and Smad7 were assayed by RT-PCR respectively.RESULTS: As compared with model group,the expression levels of Smad4 and Smad7 genes were down-regulated but the expression level of Smad3 gene was up-regulated in SNMC groups,whereas the expression levels of 3 kinds of genes were all down-regulated in positive prednisolone acetate group.CONCLUSION: SNMC is more effective than prednisolone acetate in reversing the abnormal expression of Smad family in pulmonary fibrosis model rats.

Objective To observe the effect of MnCl2 on glutamate-glutamine cycle(Glu-Gln cycle) and apoptosis of dissociated striatum cells and to approach the antagonism of riluzole to the neurotoxicity of MnCl2.Methods Twenty-seven Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 9 in each.The first group was the control group and the second group was the single MnCl2 exposure group.Both of the groups were injected with 0.9% NaCl subcutaneously(sc).The third group was the intervention group and was injected with 21.35 ?mol/kg riluzole(sc).Two hours later, the rats in the control group were the given 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally(ip) injection, the second and third groups were injected with 200 ?mol/kg MnCl2(ip), five times a week, for 4 weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last injection, 6 rats in each group were killed and the contents of Glu and Gln, the activities of glutamine synthetase(GS) and phosphate activated glutaminase(PAG) in the striatum of the rats were determined.The apoptosis of the dissociated striatum cells was detected in the other rats in each group by flow cytometry(FCM) technique.Results Compared with the control group, in MnCl2 group, the content of Glu increased and Gln content decreased significantly(P

Objective To explore the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the hippocampus in vascular dementia rats.Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model 12 h group,model 1 d group, model 3 d group and model 7 d group.An animal model of vascular dementia (VD) was established through repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats with repeated bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion. The number of neurons in CA 1 area of hippocampus in every group was observed using HE staining. The expression of nNOS in the hippocampus in VD rats was detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blot method.Results The number of neurons in CA 1 area of hippocampus decreased significantly in 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d group. The expression of nNOS in CA 1 area of hippocampus was weak in control group and up-regulated in 12 h group and increased further in 1 d group. However, its expression decreased gradually in 3 d and 7 d group.Conclusion nNOS may be related to the injury of hippocampus at early phase in VD rats. It might be regarded as one of mechanisms to cause VD.

Objective To test the in vitro effect of the extract of Herba taraxaci on Demodex folliculorum. Methods Active Demodex folliculorum were obtained from patients with moderate to severe demodex infestation. Herba taraxaci and Radix stemonae were extracted respectively with 80% ethanol under 85℃, and a preparation with a concentration of 200mg/ml was made. The extractions were used in vitro to examine the anti-mite activity by observing time of killing mites. Physiological saline and Radix stemonae extraction served as blank control and positive control respectively. PH value of Herba Taraxaci extract was noted. Skin irritation test of normal and wounded skin and acute toxicity test were carried out with rabbit shin, and Herba taraxaci and 75% ethanol were served as experiment and control medicine. Results Motion and morphology of the mites considerably changed with the effect of Herba taraxaci extract. The time of mite-killing was (1.50?0.65)min with Herba taraxaci and (3.53?1.04)min with Radix stemonae respectively (P

(0.05)). Multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant radiotherapy and histology of tumor significantly affected the prognosis(P=(0.045) and P=(0.009), respectively). Whereas loco-regional control was only significantly affected by adjuvant radiotherapy(P=(0.000)). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy and histology of tumor are the important prognostic factors in the rectal cancer patients after treatment with multimodality therapy based on surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning ( IP) on the content of myocardial mitochondria cardiolipin and the heart function in isolated rat hearts. Methods Seventy-two healthy SD rats of both sexes ( 36 males,36 females) weighing 200 to 300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =18 for each group) : normal group,control group,IP group ( IP) and 5-hydroxydecanoate ( 5-HD) plus IP group ( HD) . Langendorff apparatus were used to establish the model of ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. The hearts were perfused for 20 min to get stabilization followed by continuous perfusion in normal group for 100 min. In control group,after perfusing of 20 min for stabilization followed by continuous perfusion for 30 min,the hearts were then reperfused for 30 min after 40 min ischemia. In IP group,the hearts were given a 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion for twice in order within a brief intermittent period,and ischemia reperfusion was carried out in the same way as that in control group. In HD group,the hearts were perfused with 100 ?mol/L 5-HD before IP,and the following procedures were carried out as those in IP group. HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) ,left ventricular developed pressure ( LVDP) were recorded at the end of stable perfusion ( T1) ,immediately before ischemia ( T2) and at the end of reperfusion ( T3) in all the groups. The content of myocardial mitochondria cardiolipin was measured with HPLC. Results When theparameters at T3 were compared with those at T1 and T2,HR and LVDP were decreased,LVEDP was increased and the content of myocardial mitochondria cardiolipin was decreased. All these changes were significant ( P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the antagonistic effect of compound glycyrrhizin on bleomycin A5-induced pul-monary fibrosis of rats.METHODS:Pulmonary fibrosis model was built by injecting bleomycin A5to tracheas of SD rats in one time,the next day,control groups were administered with compound glycyrrhizin and prednisolone acetate,21days after administration,organ coefficients,pathology,areas of alveolar septum,areas of the inflammatory cells and the integral pho-todensity of the pulmonary tissues were detected and analyzed.RESULTS:As compared with the model group,the compound glycyrrhizin group had a diminished organ coefficient,ameliorated pathological change for pulmonary tissues and reduced areas of alveolar septum(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Compound glycyrrhizin has antagonistic effect on pulmonary fibrosis of model rats.