OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 4 flavonoids in Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae.METHODS:The samples were separated on Hypersil BDS C18 column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with CH3OH-0.3%H3PO4 as mobile phase(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ and the detective wavelength was set at 360 nm.RESULTS:The linear ranges of 4 flavonoids including rutin,quercetin,luteolin and kaempferol were 0.127 2～2.034 4 ?g(r=0.999 9),0.089 1～1.425 6 ?g(r=0.999 8),0.076 6～1.226 4 ?g(r=0.999 7),0.113 0～1.808 0 ?g(r=0.999 8)respectively,and their average recoveries were 97.6%,99.4%,98.1% and 101.9%,respectively with RSD at 0.94%,0.73%,0.99% and 1.34%,respectively(all n=9).CONCLUSION:This method was proved to be simple,accurate,reproducible and applicable for the quality control of Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae.

OBJECTIVE:To study the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolate mofetil capsules vs.Mycophenolate mofetil soft capsules in healthy volunteers.METHODS:In double period randomized crossover study,20 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of trial capsule and reference capsule 4 pills(0.25 g per pill).The concentration of mycophenolate(MPA) was determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAs 2.0 software and the bioequivalence of 2 formulations were evaluated.RESULTS:Main pharmacokinetic parameters of trial capsule vs.reference capsule were as follows:AUC0→t:(69.95?14.13)?g?h?mL-1 vs.(66.95?19.05)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(85.18?20.51)?g?h?mL-1 vs.(77.39?23.78) ?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(31.26?13.09)?g?mL-1 vs.(31.90?14.45)?g?mL-1;tmax:(0.875?0.358)h vs.(0.775?0.291)h.The relative bioavailability of Mycophenolate mofetil soft capsules in 20 healthy volunteers was(109.6?26.9)%.CONCLUSION:Results of study indicated the 2 formulations are bioequivalent.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic Holmium laser lithotriptor for the treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods The clinical data of 160 cases of ureteral calculi treated by trans-ureteroscope with domestic Holmium laser lithotriptor were retrospectively analyzed.Among these patients,85 were male,and 75 were female,59 in the upper uremr and 101 in the mid-lower ureter.Results The overall Successful operation rate for all level of ureteral stones in single procedure was 91%(146/160),while the upper one and mid-lower were 85%(50/59)and 95%(96/101),respectively.The average postoperative hospital stay was(4.7±1.4)d.The average clearance time to calculi-free was(21.5±10.1)d.Only 1 patient had urinary infection.No complication such as ureteral perforation or secondly hematouria were seen in this post cohort operation.The postoperative follow-up from 3 to 7 months revealed that the stone-free rate was 98%(147/150).Conclusion Treatment of ureteral calcuh by trans-ureteroscope with domestic Holmium laser lithotriptor is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imaging features and diagnostic value of MRI and CT in diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis by comparing study.

METHODSFrom May 2014 to December 2014, 32 patients with spinal tuberculosis were diagnosed as patients with spinal tuberculosis, and the data of MRI and CT were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSPatients with lesions appeared respectively in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine; CT diagnosis of bone destruction and vertebral disc soft tissue injury rate is lower than that of MRI, the intervertebral disc injury diagnosed rate higher than that of MRI, P < 0.05, the difference is statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONCT and MRI in the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis imaging studies are different, and combination of both can improve the diagnosis rate, can prevent and treat in a timely manner, so as to improve the treatment effect.

This article is the second one of the series articles about three kinds of ethics committee. The author will expound the background, definition, organization, function and significance respectively of the Institutional Review Board.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contents about drug use for children in the package inserts.METHODS: 351 package inserts were randomly sampled for the analysis of the contents and limitations about drug use for children.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the incomplete medication items,management of which should be strengthened.

Narcolepsy is a common chronic sleep disorder attacking adolescence,characterized by a typical tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness,cataplexy,sleep paralysis and hypnagonic/hypnopompic hallucinations,affecting both mental and psychological aspects of children.Thus,making an early diagnosis and therapy is of great importance.Clinical diagnosis mainly depends on the multiple sleep latency test across the video electroencephalogram.In this article,we mainly describe the diagnosis and treatment progress of pediatric narcolepsy and clinical value of video-electroencephalogram.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching mode in the course of Introduction to Nursing. Methods Two classes of nursing students in grade 2014 were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=34) and the control group (n=32) by lottery. Flipped classroom teaching mode and traditional teaching were used in the experimental group and the control group respectively. The final exam score, learning attitude, autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability were compared between the two groups after the course. Results The final exam score of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (t=2.53,P < 0.05). Besides, the learning attitude (t=4.25,P<0.01), autonomous learning ability (t=11.45,P<0.01) and critical thinking ability (t=2.53,P < 0.05) were significantly higher than those of the control group and also improved significantly compared with the pre- teaching. Conclusion Flipped classroom teaching mode can effectively improve students’final exam score, learning attitude, autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of intratympanic injection of dexamethasone in treatment of sudden deafness in different time windows.Methods 60 patients (60 ears) with sudden deafness were selected.Sixty patients were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method,30 cases (30 ears) in the control group and 30 cases (30 ears) in the observation group.The two groups were given systemic basic therapy, intravenous vinpocetine, alprostadil improve microcirculation, while hyperbaric oxygen therapy,12 days for a course of treatment, treatment for 2 courses.In the control group, dexamethasone was intravenously administered for 12 days.From the 7th day, dexamethasone was injected into the tympanic cavity and injected once every other day.The observation group was treated with dexamethasone at the same time.Injection of dexamethasone, treatment method and time were the same as the control group.At the end of the treatment, the clinical curative effect of the two groups was compared.The average hearing thresholds of the two groups were observed before and after treatment.The dizziness, tinnitus and hearing recovery time of the two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate was 96.67% in the observation group and 93.33% in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.97,P> 0.05).After treatment, the average hearing threshold of the two groups was significantly improved (t=7.69,8.23,all P<0.05),the average hearing threshold of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the average hearing threshold before and after treatment had statistically significant differences (t=2.34,2.67,all P<0.05).In the observation group, dizziness, tinnitus and hearing recovery time were shorter than those in the control group (t=3.32,3.14,3.67,all P<0.05).Conclusion The effect of dexamethasone combined with systemic treatment of sudden deafness in patients compared with intratympanic injection of dexamethasone after intravenous administration of dexamethasone is not significantly different, but the improvement of hearing threshold after treatment compared with the latter is obvious, and the average time to disappear symptoms is shorter than the latter, and therefore worthy of clinical promotion.

Many moral choices occur in the contemporary biomedicine. With the development of science and technology along the moral choices encountered by biomedicine have been becoming more and more frequent and complicated with the emergence of unmerous new phenomena,In this paper, the historical background, the foundational features and the key principles of moral choices in the contemporary biomedicine are primarily discussed.