Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic Holmium laser lithotriptor for the treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods The clinical data of 160 cases of ureteral calculi treated by trans-ureteroscope with domestic Holmium laser lithotriptor were retrospectively analyzed.Among these patients,85 were male,and 75 were female,59 in the upper uremr and 101 in the mid-lower ureter.Results The overall Successful operation rate for all level of ureteral stones in single procedure was 91%(146/160),while the upper one and mid-lower were 85%(50/59)and 95%(96/101),respectively.The average postoperative hospital stay was(4.7±1.4)d.The average clearance time to calculi-free was(21.5±10.1)d.Only 1 patient had urinary infection.No complication such as ureteral perforation or secondly hematouria were seen in this post cohort operation.The postoperative follow-up from 3 to 7 months revealed that the stone-free rate was 98%(147/150).Conclusion Treatment of ureteral calcuh by trans-ureteroscope with domestic Holmium laser lithotriptor is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 4 flavonoids in Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae.METHODS:The samples were separated on Hypersil BDS C18 column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with CH3OH-0.3%H3PO4 as mobile phase(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ and the detective wavelength was set at 360 nm.RESULTS:The linear ranges of 4 flavonoids including rutin,quercetin,luteolin and kaempferol were 0.127 2～2.034 4 ?g(r=0.999 9),0.089 1～1.425 6 ?g(r=0.999 8),0.076 6～1.226 4 ?g(r=0.999 7),0.113 0～1.808 0 ?g(r=0.999 8)respectively,and their average recoveries were 97.6%,99.4%,98.1% and 101.9%,respectively with RSD at 0.94%,0.73%,0.99% and 1.34%,respectively(all n=9).CONCLUSION:This method was proved to be simple,accurate,reproducible and applicable for the quality control of Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae.

OBJECTIVE:To study the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolate mofetil capsules vs.Mycophenolate mofetil soft capsules in healthy volunteers.METHODS:In double period randomized crossover study,20 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of trial capsule and reference capsule 4 pills(0.25 g per pill).The concentration of mycophenolate(MPA) was determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAs 2.0 software and the bioequivalence of 2 formulations were evaluated.RESULTS:Main pharmacokinetic parameters of trial capsule vs.reference capsule were as follows:AUC0→t:(69.95?14.13)?g?h?mL-1 vs.(66.95?19.05)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(85.18?20.51)?g?h?mL-1 vs.(77.39?23.78) ?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(31.26?13.09)?g?mL-1 vs.(31.90?14.45)?g?mL-1;tmax:(0.875?0.358)h vs.(0.775?0.291)h.The relative bioavailability of Mycophenolate mofetil soft capsules in 20 healthy volunteers was(109.6?26.9)%.CONCLUSION:Results of study indicated the 2 formulations are bioequivalent.

Risk factors of children with autism is reviewed in this paper,from the genetic and biochemical factors,changes in the structure of the brain,physiological factors,maternal factors were discussed,and these factors in children plays a role in the onset of autism There are some scholars are studying some imprecise factors.

Normal flora of intestine can transit under several clinical conditions,which may result in bacterial translocation and lead to various dysfunctions.Mild hypothermia,as an effective therapeutic method,not only has protective effects on vital organs such as heart and brain,but also impacts bacterial translocation,including intestinal mucosal blood flow,intestinal permeability,production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines.This paper reviewed the researches on the effect of mild hypothermia on intestinal bacterial translocation in recent years.

Introducing the progress of DRGs work in Beijing, its application in medical insurance payment, as well as in hospital management and appraisal.Recommendations were made for DRGs development in the country, including unification of DRGs standards nationwide, orchestrated efforts of government departments, and acceleration of DRGs use in payment mode reforms.

Objective Observe and analyze the therapeutic effect of fluticasone propionate combined azithromycin on chronic si -nusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery .Methods 75 patients with chronic sinusitis and /or nasal polyps who treated with endoscopic surgery previously were selected in this study .All patients were divided into FP group ,cephalosporins group and combination group randomly .Each group contains 25 cases .CE group received cefradine ,FP group received FP while combination group using FP com -bined AZ treatment .The comparison was made in respects of symptom and nasal mucosa improvement ,clinical effect after 3 months .Results The symptom of patients in 3 groups all has improved after 3 months .Compare the improvement in 3 groups ,the CE group made the least improvement while the combination group made the best improvement which is also better than FP group (P< 0 .05) .The CE group made the least improvement while the combination group made the best improvement in aspect pf Endo -scopic score difference .After 3 months ,CE group has 60% entirely epithelization ,while FP group 84% and combination group 100% .Aftre 6 months ,the CE group has the lowest cure rate while the combination group has the highest cure rate (P< 0 .05) .And the recurrence rate in CE group was higher than the other two groups (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Fluticasone propionate combined az-ithromycin on chronic sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery could improve the epithelization and clinical effect ,decrease the recur-rence rate .

Nodal metastasis is considered an important modality for the dissemination and staging of gastric cancer. Accurate staging of nodal metastasis improves prognostication and clinical treatment. However, clinical studies have failed to clarify a few issues regarding nodal metastasis from gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize and analyze new findings on the study of nodal metastasis from gastric cancer, and present the current opinions.

Primary nocturnal enuresis is a common childhood disorder.This review discusses the progress on the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in children.Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis and desmopressin are the first-line therapy of primary nocturnal enuresis.In therapy-resistant cases,anticholinergic treatment combined with desmopressin can be tried.In situations when all other treatments have failed,imipramine treatment is warranted,provided the cardiac risks are taken into account.More research is needed regarding both the above drugs and non-pharmacological therapies on children with therapy-resistant enuresis.

Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamic changes in local epidural anesthetic and correlated factors before and after epidural space opening during vertebral canal surgery. Methods 120 patients who underwent vertebral canal operation under epidural anesthesia from January 2008 to December 2010 in Anyang City People's Hospital in Henan Provincial were selected. A self control study method was applied to persistently monitor the patients' vital signs〔heart rate variance(HRV),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),saturation of blood oxygen(SpO2)〕,and the subjective manifestations of patients,the appraisal of surgeon about the surgical local situation(the degree of skeletal muscle relaxation,neural reflex,the ooze blood and so on),the changes in movement (primarily Aαnerve fiber),feeling(primarily Aδnerve fiber),skin temperature(primarily non-myelinated nerve fiber C)within the scope of anesthesia,the dosage of local anesthetic used and the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity were record before and after epidural cavity opening. Results There were no statistical significant differences in vital signs before and after epidural cavity opening in this group of patients. After the opening of epidural space,the local use of anesthetic dosage and the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity were obviously higher than those before the opening〔lidocaine(mg/h):911.23±15.58 vs. 460.19±10.82,ropivacaine(mg/h):13.35±0.19 vs. 5.24±0.17, the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity:67.5%vs. 1.2%,all P<0.01〕,the anesthesia plane(skeletal muscle laxity, feeling,skin temperature)was poorer than that before the opening of epidural space〔the anesthetic plane before the opening was(4.0±1.7),(10.7±1.5),(12.0±1.6)segments respectively,after opening was(2.0±1.8),(10.2±1.3), (12.6±1.9)segments〕,after epidural space opening,the correlations among the three planes(movement sensation disjointed)were worse than those before the epidural space opening(good). Conclusion The opening of vertebral canal can change the action of local epidural anesthetic,decrease its therapeutic effect and increase its incidence of toxicity,therefore,it is necessary to further discuss the application of epidural anesthesia in vertebral canal operation.